4 lobes WERNICKE’S AREA- written and spoken language

comprehension- temporal
FRONTAL LOBE-
MOTOR FUNCTION AREA- initiation of voluntary
Located at the front of both cerebral muscles
hemispheres
AUDITORY AREA- Hearing
- Movement
- Intelligence/ higher mental functions EMOTIONAL AREA- pain, hunger, fight or flight
- Reasoning response
- Behavior/ emotional expression
- Personality SENSORY ASSOCIATION AREA
- Ability to concentrate
- Judgement, inhibition OLFACTORY AREA- smelling
- Planning, creativity SENSORY AREA- sensation from muscles and skin
- Cognition and memory
MOTOR FUNCTION AREA- eye mov’t and
TEMPORAL LOBE
orientation
Located at each side of the brain
CORPUS CALLOSUM- Fibre bundle in the brain
- Auditory perception/ association area that connects the two hemispheres together
- Short-term memory
FOREBRAIN
- Equilibrium
- Emotion  Cerebrum
- Hippocampus  Cerebral cortex
- Speech
Left hemisphere- language, mathematical ability,
PARIETAL LOBE problem solving, logic
Located behind frontal lobe Right hemisphere- creativity and spatial ability
- Sensory area/ sensation DIENCEPHALON
- Telling right from left/ spatial orientation
- Language  Thalamus- filters sensory information,
- Pain and touch sensation controls mood states and body movement
- Some parts of speech associated with emotive states
- Intelligence/ reasoning  Hypothalamus- ‘Central control’ for
- reading pituitary gland. Regulates autonomic,
OCCIPITAL LOBE emotional, endocrine and somatic
function. Has a direct involvement in
Rearmost portion of the brain stress and mood states

- Visual processing of the brain/ visual HINDBRAIN

cortex
- Dreams originate
- Sight, image recognition and perception
Other parts of the brain:
BRAINSTEM- breathing, blood pressure,
heartbeat, swallowing- brain’s warning system,
sets alertness level
CEREBELLUM- motion related activities,
coordination of mov’t, balance and equilibrium,
posture
BROCA’S AREA- muscle of speech- frontal
SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION AREA-evaluation
of weight, texture, temperature, etc. for object
recognition- parietal
 Cerebellum- regulates equilibrium, muscle
tone, postural control, fine movement and
coordination of voluntary muscle
movement.
 Pons- Relay station between cerebrum and
cerebellum
 Medulla oblongata- Conscious control of
skeletal muscles, balance, co-ordination
regulating sound impulses in the inner ear,
regulation of automatic responses such as
heart rate, swallowing, vomiting, coughing
and sneezing
 Reticular Formation- Important in arousal
and maintaining consciousness, alertness
attention and Reticular Activating System
which controls all cyclic functions i.e.
respiration, circadian rhythm.
  Basal Ganglia- Control of muscle tone,
activity, posture, large muscle movements
and inhibit unwanted muscle movements.
 Substatia Nigra- Produces dopamine is
connected to the basal ganglia. – EPSE’s

LIMBIC SYSTEM

 Amygdala- mediates and controls major

affective mood states such as friendship ,
love, affection, fear, rage and aggression.
 Hippocampus- Memory, particularly the
ability to turn short term memory into long
term memory. Alzheimer's disease

Protection and Blood Supply

 Meninges- Dura mater and Pia mater

 CSF- 2 main functions ; shock absorption
and mediation of blood vessels and brain
tissue in exchange of nutrients.

 Circle of Willis –carotid arteries and baliser

arteries.

 Blood brain Barrier- Protect the brain from

chemicals in the blood. Made up of tightly
packed Endothelial cells/capillaries making
it difficult to penetrate.