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The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the
action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in
the action itself.
BE CAREFUL! There may be a verb tense in your language with a similar form, but the
meaning is probably NOT the same.
An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have
lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the
cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have
visited Portugal several times.
An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just
finished my work.
An action when the time is not important. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of
his reading is important)
Note: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past.
Read more about choosing between the present perfect and the simple past tenses.
Read more about using the present perfect with the words "ever", "never", "already", and "yet",
and about using the present perfect with the words "for" and "since".
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
Negative interrogative
We have We Have we
walked haven't walked?
walked
In these examples, Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the second or more
recent event:
Event A Event B
Event A Event B
Event B Event A
Event B Event A
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
Interrogative Negative
We had We Had we
decided hadn't decided?
decided
FUTURE PERFECT
FORM
The future perfect is composed of two elements
the simple future of the verb "to have" (will have) + the past participle of the main verb
He will finished.
have
Subject + will + past participle of
have the main verb
I will finished.
have
FUNCTION
The future perfect tense refers to a completed action in the future. When we use this tense we
are projecting ourselves forward into the future and looking back at an action that will be
completed some time later than now. It is most often used with a time expression.
EXAMPLES
I will have been here for six months on June 23rd.
By the time you read this I will have left.
You will have finished your report by this time next week.
Won't they have arrived by 5:00?
Will you have eaten when I pick you up?
THE RESTAURANT
AT THE RESTAURANT
English - Spanish English only (para practicar) Spanish only (para practicar)
restaurant restaurante
drive-in restaurant restaurante sin salir del coche
fast-food restaurant restaurante de comida rápida
self-service restaurant restaurante de autoservicio
bar bar, cantina, taberna
pub pub, bar
cafe cafetería
takeaway (GB) comida para llevar, restaurante que la vende
takeout (US) comida para llevar
food comida
meal comida
hot meal comida caliente
full meal comida completa, de tres platos
square meal comida completa, de tres platos
combo combinación de comidas
snack tentempié, bocadillo
starter / entree entrada, primer plato
main course plato principal
dessert postre
appetizer aperitivo
beverage bebida
bill (GB) cuenta
bottle opener destapador
bread plate plato de pan
check (US) cuenta
chef chef
cook cocinero
cup taza
dinner cena
dish plato
dressing aliño/condimento (de ensalada)
fork tenedor
glass vaso, copa
knife cuchillo
lunch almuerzo
menu carta, menú
fixed-price menu menú de precio fijo
mug jarro
napkin servilleta
on the rocks con hielo
saucer platito
soft drink refresco
spoon cuchara
table mesa
tablecloth mantel
tankard jarra de cerveza
tip propina
tip included servicio incluído
waiter camarero
waitress camarera
THE HOTEL
alojamiento accommodation
las sábanas (bed) sheets
una reclamación a complaint
una cama de matrimonio a double bed
una habitación doble a double room
una habitación con cama de matrimonio a double-bedded room
una reserva a reservation / booking
una habitación con baño a room with en suite bathroom
una cama individual a single bed
una habitación individual a single room
una propina a tip
una habitación con camas gemelas a twin-bedded room
aire acondicionado air conditioning
el bar bar
la bañera bath
un albornoz bathrobe
el botones bellboy
la cuenta bill
las mantas blankets
el / la guardacoches car park attendant / parking lot attendant
un peine comb
la camarera de pisos chambermaid
el comedor dining room
el ascensor elevator / lift
primera (segunda/tercera/cuarta) planta first (second/third/fourth) floor
el secador de pelo hair dryer
calefacción heating
agua caliente hot water
la llave key
la tarjeta llavero key card
el servicio de lavandería laundry service
el salón lounge
el equipaje luggage
el director manager
el colchón mattress
la almohada pillow
la máquina de afeitar razor
la factura receipt
la recepción reception
el / la recepcionista receptionist
una reembolsa refund
el restaurante restaurant
el servicio a las habitaciones room service
el champú shampoo
la ducha shower
una gorra de ducha shower cap
las zapatillas slippers
el jabón soap
la jabonera soap dispenser
las escaleras stairs
el grifo tap / faucet
planchar to iron
dar or dejar una señal to pay a deposit or down payment
lavar to wash
el váter toilet
el papel higiénico toilet paper
el cepillo de dientes toothbrush
la pasta dentrífica / pasta de dientes toothpaste
una toalla towel
camas gemelas twin beds
el camarero / la camarera waiter / waitress
el lavabo washbasin
la ventana window
accomodation alojamiento
admission fee costo de la entrada
brochure folleto
camping site, campsite sitio para acampar
car rental (US) alquiler de autos
car hire (GB) alquiler de autos
car park (GB) estacionamiento
caravan casa rodante, rulot, caravana
city centre (GB) centro de la ciudad
cruise crucero
double room habitación doble
double room with twin beds habitación doble con dos camas
downtown (US) centro de la ciudad
flight vuelo
fortnight quincena
guesthouse casa de huéspedes, pensión
guide guía
high season temporada alta
hiking trail sendero de caminata
holidays (GB) vacaciones
holidaymaker veraneante, turista
hostel hostal
hotel hotel
hotel chain cadena de hoteles
inn posada
low season temporada baja
motor-home casa rodante
one-way ticket (US) viaje de ida
package deal paquete
parking lot (US) estacionamiento
to book reservar
to confirm confirmar
to drive conducir
to fly volar
to go on holiday (GB) / vacation (US) irse de vacaciones
to go abroad irse al extranjero
to go camping ir de camping
to go climbing ir a escalar
to go hiking ir a dar una caminata
to go mountaineering hacer alpinismo
to go sightseeing visitar lugares de interés
to go skiing ir a esquiar
to go swimming ir a nadar
to go to the beach ir a la playa
to have a good time pasarlo bien
to have a bad time pasarlo mal
to make a reservation reservar
to hold a reservation mantener una reserva
to plan organizar
to rent a car alquilar un auto
to stay permanecer
to sunbathe tomar sol
to take a holiday (GB) / vacation (US) tomarse vacaciones
to take a photograph tomar una fotografía
to travel viajar