Studies of english.

First theme: verbal tenses

Simples Tenses

Simple presente
Is used for describe a action that happen right now or that happens regulary(
routine). Depend the person that is speak: the simple presente is used in your
root form or add –s/-es to the end.
Exemples: I’m write this guide of study.
She’s reads this guide

Note: In verbes ended in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh, or z. will end in –es.

Exemple: he goes to supermarket

The seller touches in the allarm acidental

Ask Form:

The structure for ask using the simple presente is: do/does + the subject + root
form of the verb.
Exemples: Do you drive?
Does he know drive?

Simple Past

IS the past form of the simple presente, is used to talk things that happened
before now. The focus of this tense is the action. In your negative form, the
structure is: did not (didn’t) + root form of the verb.
Exemple: Brazil won the gold medal in olympic games.
Vasco didn’t win of Flamengo in finals.
Ask form
The base structure is: did + subjet + verb (root form). But when ask using the
verb to be, don’t is necessary “did”, is used only “was/were”

Exemple: Did vasco win of flamengo in finals?

When did vasco win of flamengo?
Were vasco play in the first division two yars ago?

Simple Future

The Simple future is a verb tense that’s used for talk about things that haven’t
happen yet. The simple future talk about things that will begin and end in the
future.
The form of simple future is: wll before the verb in your root form [will+verb (root
form)]
Exemples:
Today will rain Brazil will win the word cup
Tomorrow i’ll go to college Today won’t rain

But there is another way to show that something will happen infuture. Is using the
“going to” in structure.
The form with going to is: (am/are/is) + going to+ verb ( in your root form)

Exemple: I’m going to learn a new langage

The difference between the going to and will that is: Going to is a informal and
will is formal.

For the negative sentences only add not in structure. If you’ll use will -> will not
(wonb’t), and if you ‘ll use going to: (am/are/is) not +going to
Ask using future
The basic form for both, is: will + subject + root verb
(am/are/is) +subject+root verb
Exemples:

Will jen finish War and Peace over the summer?

Is jen going to finish war and Peace over the summer?

Present Perfect

Present Perfect is a time that refer to that happen in a indefinide time of the past,
or begin on the past and continued in the present.
This tense is formed by: has/have + past participle

The use of has or have will dependo f the person, if be he/she / it will use the has
and if be the other persons will use have. The past participle is usually formed by
add –d ore d in the verb ( regular verbs) or using the 3 ° collum for the irregular
verbs.

I’ve walked in this path before.

She has wrote the book since yesterday.

Past perfect

Is used to talk abount things that happen before something else. Is more
specific in time.
Form: had + verb (past participle). For the negative use: had not + verb (past
participle)

Exemples:
We were relieved that Tootles had used washable paint.
Ask a question

The form to ask using the past participle is: had + [subject] + [past participle].

Present Continuous

Thye presente continuous indicates than na action or condition is happen now

and will continue in the future.
Thje form to present continuous is: to be ( am/is/are) + verb [(presente participle
(-ing)].
Exemples:
We are studing english now
Brazil are playing in the word cup.

Past continuous

Past continuous is a tense verb that express something that was happened in
the past. The past continuous is formed by the verb to be ( was/were) + verb (
participle past -ing)
Exemples: I was studing in college last week
Two days ago, Brazil was playing in the word cup.

The structure to ask questions, is very similar with the presente continuous.
Was/were + subject+ verb with –ing ( past participle)

Past perfect Continuous

This verb tense, express a situation that begin in the past and continue in
another time in the past.
 Exemple: I had been working at the company for five years when I got the
promotion.

The future tenses:

Future perfect

The future perfect is used for actions that wil be completed before some other
point in the future. This verb tense is talking about something that will be
completed between now and other some point in the future.
The form is : will have + verb (past participle)

Exemples: in two days i’ll have gone do a test.

Ask a question:

For ask a question use this form: will + subject+ have + past participle
Exemples: Will they have finished decorating the float before the parade?
Will they have won the work cup?

Future continuous

Express a action that will be happen contiuously in the future. Is formed by the
will +be+ verb with –ing
Exemples: i’ll traveling all the summer
I won’t working next week.
Ask quentions:
For ask using the future continuous only add will befor the subject and use the
verb with –ing.

Exemples: Will you be studying tonight?

Future perfect Continuous

We use the future perfect continuous when we look back to the past and we
want enphasise the lengh or duration of na activity in future.
Is formed by the will+have been+the verb with particle –ing.
Exemples: in september, she will have been living in france for twenty years.

First and second conditionals

First conditional is used for talking about possibilities in the presente or future

If clause Main clause

If+ subject+verb Subject +will +verb

If the weather is nice, we’ll go swimming.

Second Conditional is used for talk about unreal situations in the presente or
future.
If clause Main clause
If-subject+verb in the past Subject+would+verb

If i had a milion pouds, i would buy a big house.

 Active and passive voice

In passive voice the result of action is the focus of sentence.

The passive is formed by the verb to be + past participle. Look the exemple, in
the first sentences we have a sentence in a active voice, and in the second we
have a passive voice.

Exemple: the Hunter killed the lions / the lion was killed by the Hunter

Prepositions
 Prepositions indicate relationships between other words in a sentence.

 Many prepositions tell you where something is or when something happened.

 Most prepositions have several definitions, so the meaning changes quite a bit
in different contexts.

 Ending a sentence with a preposition is not a grammatical error.

As principais e mais utilizadas das preposições em inglês são:

 In - dependendo do contexto pode significar: dentro de; em; de; no e na.

 On - dependendo do contexto pode significar: sobre a; em cima de; acima de;
em; no; na.
 At - dependendo do contexto pode significar: à (s); em; na; no.
 To - dependendo do contexto pode significar: para; a.
 For - dependendo do contexto pode significar: para; durante; por.
Modal verbs

Modal verbs is verbs that don’t need of auxiliary, and usually will express
permission, hability, possibilities, etc.