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Simple Past A: He spoke/walked. action in the past taking place once, never yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the
N: He did not or several times other day, last Friday
speak/walk. if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
actions taking place one after another
Q: Did he speak/walk?
action taking place in the middle of
another action
Past Continuous A: He was speaking. action going on at a certain time in the when, while, as long as
N: He was not speaking. past
Q: Was he speaking?
actions taking place at the same time
action in the past that is interrupted by
another action
Past Perfect A: He had spoken. action taking place before a certain time in already, just, never, not yet, once, until
Simple N: He had not spoken. the past that day
Q: Had he spoken? if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
sometimes interchangeable with past
perfect progressive
putting emphasis only on the fact (not the
duration)
Past Perfect A: He had been action taking place before a certain time in for, since, the whole day, all day
Continuous speaking. the past
N: He had not been
sometimes interchangeable with past
speaking.
Q: Had he been perfect simple
speaking? putting emphasis on the duration or
course of an action