FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Tabel Konversi
Volume and density
3
1 g/cm 62.43 lbm/ft3 = 1000 kg/m3
8.345 lbm/U.S gal
3
1 lbm/ft 16.0185 kg/m3
*density of dry air at 0˚, 760 1.2929 g/liter
mmHg 0.080711 lbm/ft3
*molecular weight of air 28.97 lbm/lb mol = 28.97 g/g
mol
1 g mol ideal gas at 0˚, 760 22.4140 liters = 22 414 cm3
mmHg
1 kg mol ideal gas at 0˚, 760 22.414 m3
mmHg
1 lb mol ideal gas at 0˚, 760 359.05 ft3
mmHg
Length
1Å 10 -10 m = 10-4 µm
1 in 2.540 cm
1m 100 cm
3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
1 micron 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1
µm
1 mile 5280 ft
Mass
1 kg 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm
1 lbm 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg
16 oz = 7000 grains
1 ton (short) 2000 lbm
1 ton (long ) 2240 lbm
1 ton (metric) 1000 kg
Standard Acceceleration of Gravity
g 9.80665 m/s2
980.665 cm/s2
32.174 ft/s2
gc (gravitational convention 32.1740 lbm . ft/lbf . s2
factor) 980.665 gm .cm/gf . s2
Volume
1 British gal 1.20094 U.S gal
3
1 ft 28.317 L = 0.028317 m3
7.481 U.S gal
3
1 in 16.387 cm3
1L 1000 cm3
3
1m 1000 L
264.17 U.S gal
35.313 ft3
 Force
1 g.cm/s2 7.2330 x 10-5 lbm. ft/s2
2.2481 x 10-6 lbf
1 g.cm/s2 (dyn) 10-5 kg.m/s2 = 10-5 Newton
2
1 kg.m/s 1 Newton
1 lbf 4.4482 Newton
Pressure
1 atm 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 105
N/m2 = 1.01325 bar
760 mmHg at 0˚C = 1.01325 x
105 Pa
29.921 in. Hg at 0˚C
33.90 ft H2O at 4˚C
1 bar 1 x 105 Pa = 1 x 105 N/m2
1 dyn/cm2 2.0886 x 10-3 lbf/ft2
1 lbf/ft2 4.7880 x 102 dyn/cm2 = 47.880
N/m2
1 mmHg 0˚C 1.333224 x 102 N/m2 =
0.1333224 kPa
1 psia 1 lbf/in2
6.89476 x 104 g/cm.s2 =
6.89476 x 104 dyn/cm2
2.0360 in Hg at 0˚C
2.311 ft H2O at 70˚F
51.715 mm Hg at 0˚C (ρHg =
13.5955 g/cm3)
Power
1 btu/h 0.29307 W
1 hp 0.74570 Kw
550 ft.lbf/s
0.7068 btu/s
1 J/s 1W
1 watt 14.340 cal/min
Heat, Energy and Work
1 btu 251.996 cal (IT)
778.17 ft.lbf
1055.06 J
252.16 cal (thermochemical)
1 cal (thermochemical) 4.1840 J
1 cal (IT) 4.1868 J
1 ft.lbf 1.35582 J
1 ft.lbf/lbm 2.9890 J/kg
1 hp.h 0.7457 kW.h
2544.5 btu
1J 1 N.m = 1 kg m2/s2
1 kg m2/s2 1 J = 107 g. cm2/s2 (erg)
Thermal Conductivity
1 btu/h.ft.˚F 4.1365 x 10-3 cal/s .cm. ˚C
1.73073 W/m.K
Heat Transfer Coefficient
1 btu/h.ft2. ˚F 1.3571 x10-4 cal/s.cm2. ˚C
5.6783 x 10-4 W/cm2. ˚C =
5.6783 W/m2.K
1 kcal/h.m . ˚F
2
0.2048 btu/h.ft2. ˚F
Viscosity
1 cp 10-2 g/cm.s (poise)
2.4191 lbm/ft.h
6.7197 x 10-4 lbm/ft.s
10-3 Pa.s = 10-3 kg/m.s = 10-
3
N.s/m2
2.0886 x 10-5 lbf. s/ft2
1 Pa 1 N.s/m2 = 1 kg/m.s = 1000 cp
= 0.67197 lbm/ft.s
Diffusivity
1 centistoke 10-2 cm2/s
1 cm2/s 3.875 ft2/h
10-4 m2/s
2
1 m /h 10.764 ft2/h
1 m2/s 3.875 x 104 ft2/h
Mass Flux and Molar Flux
2
1 g/s.cm 7.3734 x 103 lbm/h.ft2
2
1 g mol/s.cm 7.3734 x 103 lb mol/h.ft2
10 kg mol/s.m2 = 104 g
mol/s.m2
1 lb mol/h.ft2 1.3562 x 10-3 kg mol/s.m2
Heat Flux and Heat Flow
1 btu/h 0.29307 W
1 btu/h.ft2 3.1546 W/m2
1 cal/h 1.1622 x 10-3W
Heat Capacity and Enthalpy
1 btu/lbm . ˚F 4.1868 kJ/kg.K
1 cal/g.˚C
1 btu/lbm 2326 J/kg
1 kcal/g mol 4.1840 x 103 kJ/kg mol
1 ft.lbf/lbm 2.9890 J/kg
Mass Transfer Coefficient
1 kc cm/s 10-2 m/s
1 kc ft/h 8.4668x 10-5 m/s
2
1 kx g mol/s. cm . Mol frac 10 kg mol/s.m2.mol frac = 104
g mol/ s.m2.mol frac
1 kx lb mol/h.ft2.mol frac 1.3562 x 10-3 kg mol/s m2 mol
frac
3
1 kx a lb mol/h ft mol frac 4.449 x 10-3 kg mol/s m3 mol
frac
2
1 kG kg mol/s m atm 0.98692 x 10-5 kg mol/s m2 Pa
1 kG a kg mol/s m3 atm 0.98692 x 10-5 kg mol/ s m3 Pa
Temperature
0˚C 32˚F
1K 1˚C = 1.8˚F = 1.8˚R (Rankine)
˚F 32 + 1.8(˚C)
˚C (1/1.8)( ˚F-32)
˚R ˚F+459.67
K ˚C+273.15
100 ˚C 212 ˚F = 373.15 K =671.67 ˚R
0 ˚C 32 ˚F = 273.15 K = 491.67 ˚R
-273.15 ˚C -459.67 ˚F = 0 K = 0 ˚R
(absolute zero)