STUDY PLAN MASTER PROGRAMME AT CHINA UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUN

(EAST CHIAN)
From: Phoung Sokeara (Mr.)
Proposed Study: Structural Engineering
Proposed Research: Reinforcement Concrete
To College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of
Petroleum (East China)

During my training degree in civil and industrial construction at Moscow state University of
Civil Engeering, I was introduced to some improtant major courses such in civil and industrial
construction. These couses I studied reinforcement concrete ,organizing construction
proccess ,tecnology in construction proccess, soil mechanics and foundation ,metal
construction, architectural desinge of civil and industrial construction as well as structural
design programme ( Robot Structural Analysis, ETAB and SAB 2000 ). As a student in
Moscow state university of civil engineering I was interested in reinforced concrete .these
courses provided me a lot of knowledge to understand the principles of the engineering.
Moreover it also provided me some fantastic opportunities to get involved with exciting
research about civil and industrial construction. I am basically interested in reinforced concrete
construction in my masters program.

Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile
strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile
strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing
bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets.
Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of
the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern
reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or
alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced concrete may also
be permanently stressed (in compression), so as to improve the behavior of the final structure
under working loads. In the United States, the most common methods of doing this are
known as pre-tensioning and post-tensioning.

For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement needs to have the following
properties at least:

 High relative strength

 High toleration of tensile strain
 Good bond to the concrete, irrespective of pH, moisture, and similar factors
 Thermal compatibility, not causing unacceptable stresses in response to changing
temperatures.
 Durability in the concrete environment, irrespective of corrosion or sustained stress for
example.

Use in construction
Many different types of structures and components of structures can be built using reinforced
concrete including slabs, walls, beams, columns, foundations, frames and more.
Reinforced concrete can be classified as precast or cast-in-place concrete.
Designing and implementing the most efficient floor system is key to creating optimal building
structures. Small changes in the design of a floor system can have significant impact on material
costs, construction schedule, and ultimate strength, operating costs, occupancy levels and end
use of a building.
Reinforcement and terminology of beams
A beam bends under bending moment, resulting in a small curvature. At the outer face (tensile
face) of the curvature the concrete experiences tensile stress, while at the inner face
(compressive face) it experiences compressive stress.
A singly reinforced beam is one in which the concrete element is only reinforced near the
tensile face and the reinforcement, called tension steel, is designed to resist the tension.
A doubly reinforced beam is one in which besides the tensile reinforcement the concrete
element is also reinforced near the compressive face to help the concrete resist compression.
An under-reinforced beam is one in which the tension capacity of the tensile reinforcement
is smaller than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel
(under-reinforced at tensile face).
An over-reinforced beam is one in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater
than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel (over-
reinforced at tensile face). So the "over-reinforced concrete" beam fails by crushing of the
compressive-zone concrete and before the tension zone steel yields, which does not provide
any warning before failure as the failure is instantaneous.
A balanced-reinforced beam is one in which both the compressive and tensile zones reach
yielding at the same imposed load on the beam, and the concrete will crush and the tensile steel
will yield at the same time. This design criterion is however as risky as over-reinforced
concrete, because failure is sudden as the concrete crushes at the same time of the tensile steel
yields, which gives a very little warning of distress in tension failure.
Steel-reinforced concrete moment-carrying elements should normally be designed to be under-
reinforced so that users of the structure will receive warning of impending collapse.
Prestressed concrete
Prestressing concrete is a technique that greatly increases the load-bearing strength of concrete
beams. The reinforcing steel in the bottom part of the beam, which will be subjected to tensile
forces when in service, is placed in tension before the concrete is poured around it. Once the
concrete has hardened, the tension on the reinforcing steel is released, placing a built-in
compressive force on the concrete. When loads are applied, the reinforcing steel takes on more
stress and the compressive force in the concrete is reduced, but does not become a tensile force.
Since the concrete is always under compression, it is less subject to cracking and failure.
My career goal in to acquire the necessary training that will put me at the forefront of research
and innovation in the concrete construction industry and also provide me requiring basics to
further pursue a doctorate degree . I would like to play a major role in civil and reinforced
concrete construction business. Considering the major industry and construction development
business asocial the world. I would like to be part of it and contribute to the safety and
development of man-made infrastructure. This would provide a basic and detailed structural
module for safety and reliability of civil engineering structural. I am confident that a master
research thesis in reinforced concrete structures would be valuable in the field of civil and
industrial construction

With my academic background, experience and motivation, please consider if I am right

for the master’s program in structural engineering. Please feel to contact me with my email:
sokeara07@gmail.com. If you would like to inquire and give me any related information on
..... Refused.
You’re truly

Sokeara phoung

Moscow state university of civil engineering yaroslavskoe shosse , house on 26 , korpus 15