Today’s Agenda

• Two presentations (maximum 5 minutes each)

• Remaining part of ratio analysis
• Analysis of cash flow
• Group name submission along with the name of company
Note down my email address and phone number
muhammad.imran@arifhabib.com.pk
Cell no: 0301-8278893

The Cash Flow Statement

• Information about a company’s cash receipt and cash payments
during an accounting period
• Information about a company’s operating, investing and
financing activities
• An understanding of the impact of accrual accounting events
on cash flow

The Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement provides information to assess the firm’s
liquidity, solvency and financial flexibility. An analyst can use the
statement of cash flows to determine whether:
• Regular operations generate enough cash to sustain the
business
• Enough cash is generated to pay off existing debts as they
mature
• The firm is likely to need additional financing
• Unexpected obligations can be met
• The firm can take advantage of new business opportunities as
they Arise
• Items on cash flow statement come from two sources
Income statement items and Changes in balance sheet
accounts
• Cash flow from operating activities
• Cash flow from investing activities
• Cash flow from financing activities

Cash Flow Classifications

• Treatment of noncash items
• US GAAP Cash flow classifications.docx
• IFRS Cash flow classifications.docx

Direct Method
• Under the direct method, cash line item of the accrual-based
income statement is converted into cash receipts or cash
payments
• A simple way to express this, the direct method converts an
accrual basis income statement into cash basis income
statement

Direct method of presenting operating cash flow

• Cash collections from customers xxx
• Cash paid to suppliers xxx
• Cash paid for operating expenses xxx
• Cash paid for interest xxx
• Cash paid for taxes xxx
• Operating cash flow xxx
Indirect Method
• Under the indirect method, net income is converted to operating
cash flow by
making adjustments for transactions that effect net income.
• Adjustments need to made for

1. non cash expenses (depreciation & amortization )

2. Non operating item ( gain & losses ) and
3. Changes in balance sheet accounts resulting from accrual
accounting Events

Indirect Method
Indirect method of presenting operating cash flow
• Net income xxx
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flow Provided by
operating activities
Depreciating and amortization xxx
• Deferred income taxes xxx
• Increase in accounting receivable (xxx)
• Increase in inventory (xxx)
• Decrease in prepaid expenses xxx
• Increase in accounts payable xxx
• Increase in accrued liabilities xxx
• Operating cash flow xxx
How the cash flow statement is linked to the income
statement and balance sheet
Operating cash flow
+ Investing cash flow
+Financing cash flow
=Change in cash balance
+Beginning cash balance
=Ending cash balance

Step in preparation of direct and indirect cash flow

statement
Following points must be remembered
• CFO is calculated differently, but the results is the same
under both methods
• The calculation of CFI & CFF is identical under both methods
• There is an inverse relationship between changes in assets
and changes in cashflows. In other words, an increase in an
asset account is a use of cash, and a decrease in an asset
account is a source of cash
• There is a direct relationship between changes in liabilities
and changes in cashflow. In other words, an increase in a
liability account is a source of cash, and a decrease in a
liability is a use of cash
• Sources of cash are positive numbers (cash inflows) and
uses of cash are negative numbers (cash outflows)
Direct Method
• Under the direct method, cash line item of the accrual-based
income statement is converted into cash receipts or cash
payments
• A simple way to express this, the direct method converts an
accrualbasis income statement into cash basis income
statement

Direct method of presenting operating cash flow

• Cash collections from customers xxx
• Cash paid to suppliers xxx
• Cash paid for operating expenses xxx
• Cash paid for interest xxx
• Cash paid for taxes xxx
• Operating cash flow xxx

Direct Method
• The direct method of present a firm’s statement of cashflows
only cash payments and cash receipts over the period. The
sum of these inflows and outflows is the company’s CFO.
• The following are common components of cash flow that
appear on a statement of cash flow presented under the
direct method
• Cash collected from customers, typically the main
component of CFO
 • Cash used in the production of goods and services (cash
inputs)
• Cash operating expenses
• Cash paid for interest
• Cash paid for taxes

• Investing cash flows (CFI) are calculated by examining the

change in gross asset accounts that result from investing
activities

Direct Method
• Formulas need to remember If assets were sold during the
period then following formula will be used
• Cash paid for new asset=ending gross assets+ gross cost of
old assets sold – beginning gross assets
• When calculating the cash flow from an asset that has been
sold, it is necessary to consider the any gain or loss from the
sale using the following formula
• Cash from asset sold= book value of the asset +gain (or
loss) on sale

Indirect Method
• Begin with net income
• Subtract gains or add losses that resulted from financing or
investing cash flows (such as gain from sale of land)
• Add back all non cash charges to income (such as
depreciation and amortization) and subtract all non cash
components of revenue
• Add or subtract changes to balance sheet operating
accounts as follows

• Increases in the operating asset accounts (use of cash) are

subtracted, while decreases (sources of cash) are added
• Increase in the operating liability accounts (sources of cash )
are added , while decreases (uses of cash ) are subtracted