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Chapter 10
Streams and Floods
3. Drainage basins are bowl-shaped depressions with a lake in the middle, and all streams in
the basin discharge their water and sediment into that lake.
FALSE
4. A trellis stream pattern consists of parallel main streams with short tributaries meeting them
at right angles.
TRUE
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
7. Stream discharge is one of the most important factors that controls stream velocity.
FALSE
8. Hydraulic action refers to the ability of flowing water to pick up and move rock and
sediment.
TRUE
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
10. The discharge of a stream is the volume of water that passes a given point in unit of time
(for example, 50 cubic meters per second).
TRUE
11. A bar in a river channel is a ridge of sediment, usually sand and gravel, deposited in the
middle or along the banks of a stream.
TRUE
13. Braided streams flow in a network of interconnected rivulets around numerous bars.
TRUE
14. Point bars are sandbars deposited in the middle of river channels.
FALSE
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
16. Stream-dominated river deltas, like the Mississippi, display the characteristic triangular
shape of a delta.
FALSE
17. An alluvial fan is a fan- or cone-shaped pile of sediment that forms where a stream
emerges from a narrow mountain canyon.
TRUE
18. The process of deepening a valley by erosion of the streambed is called downcutting.
TRUE
19. Paved areas and storm sewers decrease the rate of surface runoff of water.
FALSE
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
22. ________ are low ridges of flood-deposited sediment that form on both sides of a stream
channel and thin away from the channel.
A. Point bars
B. Natural levees
C. Oxbows
D. Cut banks
E. Deltas
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
23. The movement and interchange of water between the sea, air and land can be visualized
by the ____.
A. longitudinal profile of a stream
B. channelization procedures
C. hydrologic cycle
D. hydrosphere interactions such as precipitation
E. solar radiation
24. A(n) ___ stream flows in a network of rivulets (subchannels) around numerous sandbars.
A. braided
B. meandering
C. incised
D. channelized
E. rilled
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
26. A ridge or strip of ground separating one drainage basin from another is termed a ____.
A. delta
B. neck
C. crest
D. plateau
E. divide
28. A(n) __ is the body of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river when the river's velocity
decreases.
A. apron
B. alluvial fan
C. bar
D. delta
E. wart
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
29. A "100-year flood" has a _______ percent chance of occurring in any given year.
A. 1
B. 100
C. 10
D. 0.1
E. 0.01
30. Rivers may develop pronounced sinuous (wiggly) curves called a ___ pattern.
A. braided
B. meandering
C. incised
D. channelized
E. rilled
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
32. A _____ is a ridge of sediment built by sedimentation on the middle or banks of a stream
channel.
A. levee
B. flood plain
C. meander loop
D. channel
E. bar
33. The ______ is the total area drained by a river and its tributaries.
A. flow area
B. divide
C. drainage basin
D. domain
E. hood
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
35. Movement of cobbles and boulders by rolling, sliding, or dragging in a streambed is called
____ load.
A. dissolution
B. solution
C. suspension
D. traction
E. saltation
37. A ____ drainage pattern is one in which streams diverge outward likes spokes on a wheel.
A. jointed
B. tilted
C. compass
D. radial
E. conical
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
38. In North America, the ___ separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those
that flow into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
A. Appalachian Mountain Range
B. Mississippi River
C. Continental Transect
D. Sierra Nevada Mountain Range
E. Continental Divide
39. _____ are low ridges of flood deposited sediment that form on either side of a stream
channel and thin away from the channel.
A. Point bars
B. Natural levees
C. Incised meanders
D. Deltas
E. Oxbow lakes
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
43. The ______ load is sediment light enough to remain lifted indefinitely above the bottom
by water turbulence.
A. dissolution
B. solution
C. saltation
D. suspension
E. segregation
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
44. The delta of the ______ River is a wave-dominated delta that resembles the Greek letter
delta and is the origin of the name.
A. Mississippi
B. Nile
C. Amazon
D. Colorado
E. Ganges
45. _____ refers to sand grain movement in a series of short leaps or bounces off the bottom.
A. Jumping
B. Floating
C. Saltation
D. Hopping
E. Vaulting
46. _____ meanders are meanders that retain their sinuous pattern as they cut vertically
downward below the level at which they originally formed.
A. Incised
B. Excised
C. Excavated
D. Concentrated
E. Superposed
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
47. A graded stream can be deepening its channel by down cutting while part of its energy is
also widening its valley by ______ erosion.
A. downward
B. longitudinal
C. lateral
D. distal
E. proximal
48. A(n) ___ is a step-like landform found above a stream and its floodplain. It is a remnant of
an older flood plain or river-eroded flat surface.
A. levee
B. incised meander
C. cut bank
D. stream terrace
E. upland plateau
49. A(n) ____ stream is one that exhibits a delicate balance between its transporting capacity
and the sediment load available to it.
A. graded
B. ephemeral
C. consequent
D. incised
E. beheaded
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
50. Flood control structures along the Mississippi River surrounding New Orleans are
predominantly _____.
A. upstream dams
B. riprap lining
C. bypasses
D. artificial levees
E. All of the answers are correct.
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
53. ___ is/are sudden localized floods of large volume and short duration, often triggered by
heavy rainstorms.
A. Sheetwash
B. Dry flooding
C. Flash floods
D. Channel erosion
E. Stream piracy
54. _______ deposits are found in streams where running water has mechanically
concentrated heavy sediment such as gold.
A. Placer
B. Lag
C. Granular
D. Pebble
E. Agglomerated
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
56. On large alluvial fans, the _____ sediment is deposited near the mountains.
A. finest
B. clay
C. coarsest
D. quartz
E. best sorted
57. Floods are described by ____, the average time between floods of a given size.
A. discharge
B. forecasting
C. calendar year
D. recurrence interval
E. lunar month
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Chapter 10 - Streams and Floods
59. ___ beds form the main body of a delta with angles of inclination up to 20 to 35 degrees in
small sandy deltas.
A. Turbidite
B. Foreset
C. Backset
D. Bottomset
E. Topset
60. Discharge is the product of average stream width times average stream depth times ___.
A. stream velocity
B. stream sinuosity
C. stream elevation
D. stream gradient
E. stream temperature
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