Comparing the Water Utility of Muticipital Waterworks Malang as Direct Clean

Water with Drinking Water Packaging

Dr. H. Sueb, M.Kes Delia Wahyu Pangesti And Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa’ADah
Biology , Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang
Email : nuralfi218@gmail.com

Abstract. Indonesia has a tropical climate that is already properly gets more precipitation than other
countries. In fact indonesia even create problems in water resources. It could see in terms of distribution
by PDAM water cannot be used for drinking water. This research aims to know the comparison
appropriateness tap water TAPS in the city of malang with bottled water if be used as drinking water.
Based on Permenkes No. 492 of the year (2010) in the packaging of mineral water pH between 6.5 and
8.5 for tds-i.e. 500 mg/l. Research done by testing the 30 samples of bottled water and 30 samples of
clean water using a ph meter and TDS meter. The results of this study showed a mean of testing the pH of
tap water toward Malang namely TAPS and 7.15 to AMDK i.e. 7.53. Then for testing with TDS meter
data obtained for 139.33 and for IE AMDK tap water TAPS that is 296.13. From these data the
conclusion can be drawn if the water faucets TAPS Malang can be used as drinking water, but cannot
really be drunk directly for example, heated stage must go through first before consumed

Keywords: Fresh water, bottle water

 INTRODUCTION

Water is the most important fluid to sustain life on earth. Approximately 97% of
water in the ocean is unsuitable for drinking and only 3% is fresh water where 2.97% is
composed of glaciers and ice caps and the remaining fraction of 0.3% is available as
surface and groundwater for human use (Mohsin, 2013). Water parts of natural
resources that have unique characteristics compared to other resources. Water is a
renewable and dynamic resource, meaning the main source of Water in the form of rain
will always come in accordance with the time or season throughout the year (Kodoatie
and Sjarief, 2010).
. Clean water in general is defined as water that is suitable for raw water for
drinking water. With this feasibility the water is also suitable for bathing, washing and
sanitation (MCK) (Aliun, 2013). According to Minister of Health RI Regulation no. 492
/ MENKES / PER / IV / 2010, drinking water is water which is processed or without
processing that fulfill health requirement and can be directly drunk.
Water is important in human life and activity whether it is related to industry,
agriculture, etc., therefore water is one of the most important parts of the environment.
In recent decades, the accelerated pace of industry, growth and development of a
progressive population in the tremendous increase in demand for clean water (Badaii et
al., 2013). Given the enormous presence of water on earth makes the water very closely
related to human life that eventually all the potential that is in the water, water sources
including facilities and infrastructure can be utilized by humans, this is the cause of
water as a natural resource that is closely related to life. Every living thing must need
water in its survival. Water use involves the use of agriculture, industry, households,
recreation, and environmental activities, and most importantly the existence of fresh
water whose existence is used for clean water sources that will be used as drinking
water for humans (Pangesti and Sa'adah, 2018).
Hendarmawan said Indonesia should surplus water. "According to data
(UNESCO in 2003), Indonesia gets free water with 2,700mm rainfall," he explained the
data in his presentation. "But, compared to the desert countries, we are losing in
managing water". Of all water in Indonesia, only 16 percent of renewable groundwater.
According to Hendarmawan, it is worrying. "Conservation is not negotiable," said Dean
of the Faculty of Geological Engineering. Conservation is not only to maintain the
presence of water, but also to improve water quality (Pangestu, 2010)
The need for clean water and drinking water is managed by PDAM which is a
Regional Owned Enterprise (BUMD). PDAM serves the needs of the livelihood of the
people and at the same time digs the public funds through the profit from their business
for re-use in building the facilities and infrastructure needed by the community (Natalia,
2014). Only 20 percent of the population of Indonesia have access to tap water and 50
percent others have access to water from some form of protected water source - most of
which are groundwater sources. The latter group includes wealthy families, industries
and commercial operations using ground-water sources -s own artesian art. The
remaining 30 percent that are not served by the above sources, especially the poor, rely
on unsafe water sources. Recognizing the social and economic benefits of water supply
for the poor, the Government of Indonesia aims to ensure that 100 percent of Indonesia's
population will have access to water from tap water sources or protected water sources
by 2019 (Hadipuro et al., 2016).
Through interviews with various stakeholders in five case study sites (Medan,
Jakarta, Semarang, Mataram / West Lombok and Ambon) from March 2014-April
2015, the research team found that all respondents, including PDAM customers and
those who took water from groundwater sources, are degrading the quality and quantity
of their water supply. The respondents
willing to contribute to the conservation of water catchment areas. They explicitly chose
the PJDAS scheme involving local agencies closely linked to the community (Hadipuro
et al, 2016)
In fact, the clean water that has been diffused in the community is limited to
basic use such as for bathing, washing, etc. Limitations of water use is due to clean
water can not be consumed by the community as clean water directly drink, so people
need to buy bottled drinking water for consumption.
After nearly a century passed the adoption in Brussels from the first
recommendation for the quality of drinking water documents of the World Health
Organization (WHO) published, which today, in the early 21st century, proposes to
bring under the rule of index 95 where 26 are toxic substances, which its presence in
drinking water is not desirable. For the first time in the world in 1853, in Brussels, at the
International Congress of Hygienists, an attempt was made to set standards for drinking
water, which would include only nine controllable components. Among these are
important substances such as magnesium, calcium, total mineralization (determined
mainly by the presence of sodium and potassium salts), and oxygen content in water,
sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and ammonium (Gondcharuk, 2013).
The coverage of PDAM Kota Malang service until the first quarter of 2014 has
reached 126,996 units of house connections (SR) or equal to 92% of the total citizens of
Malang City. Thus, there are about 8% of Malang residents who are still not served by
PDAM water supply in Malang, among them Buring Village area, Kedungkandang sub-
district, which can not be served because of its high location elevation. 3 PDAM
customers are increasing from year to year, but uneven distribution of clean water
becomes an obstacle in achieving community welfare. The source of polluted and unfit
water adds to the burden of local government and PDAM of Malang City as a provider
of clean water. Our preliminary study in Malang shows Malang PDAM service in clean
water supply has been done well, but there are still some obstacles. Some problems
faced are lack of public awareness in maintaining cleanliness of river; acts of fraud
committed by the community (Triningtyas, 2015).
Based on this, it is the background of the research, so this research will also be
useful for public knowledge about clean water, PDAM tap water feasibility if used for
daily consumption so that any danger that might happen if tap water directly
dikonsusmsi water. Besides, this research is also useful to increase public confidence in
bottled drinking water used as drinking water.
Purpose To know the pH and TDS 30 brands of bottled drinking water in the
city of Malang and To find out the feasibility of clean water (tap water) in Malang if
used as clean water ready to drink with bottled drinking water if the observation data
compared with the standard of drinking water feasibility in Indonesia
 METHODS

Types of Research
The type of this research is descriptive quantitative that is knowing the
feasibility of PDAM water tap water city of Malang as direct clean drinking water with
drinking water packaging. Descriptive research method that is a research method which
done with main purpose to make description or description about a condition
descriptively. (Notoatmojo and Soekidjo, 2005)
The population of this research is Water PDAM Malang City, sample in this
research is PDAM water which have been distributed to society of Malang City.
Sampling will be done cautiously in various places either directly from the place of the
PDAM itself and the public place.
Variable of this research is water tap water variable of Malang City PDAM,
bottled drinking water and water quality of PDAM taps Malang. Data collection
technique used in this research is observation because this research is done in laboratory
and taken primary data, that is data obtained from research result. Analysis of collected
data is done descriptively accompanied by narrative table and discussion and concluded
how the feasibility of clean water (tap water) in Malang with bottled drinking water if
used as direct drinking water. The type of this research is descriptive quantitative that is
knowing the placement of water taps PDAM Malang as clean drinking water directly
with drinking water packaging. Descriptive research method is a research method
undertaken with the main purpose to create a description or description of a state
descriptively. (Notoatmojo and Soekidjo, 2005)

Location and Research Plan

The location of the research in the laboratory of Biology FMPM UM, the time
used during the empty hours on Friday, March 17, 2018. For the purchase of sample
AMDK and the sample of PDAM Water Water tap water from Malang on 12-16 March
2018. Below is a map of the location map along with samples to be studied.
 Laboratory location map of Biology FMIPA UM

Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique

Population is the whole subject or object with certain characteristics that will be
determined by researchers as materials to be studied. The population that we will use is
water taps PDAM Malang and 30 samples of AMDK
The sample is part of the number and characteristics possessed by that
population, or a small portion of the population members taken to represent the
population. The samples we use are water samples of Betek Water Tank PDAM Malang
and 30 brands of AMDK samples
Technique of collecting data by collecting information needed for research
report as report amplifier. The data collection technique we use is laboratory research.

Tools and materials

Tool: TDS meter and pH meter
Material: Water samples PDAM Malang City as much as 250 ml, drinking water
packaging 250 ml (30 samples)
Data Collection Procedures
 Taking a sample of research
 Conduct research on samples according to test criteria
 Conduct analysis of observational data with drinking water quality standards
 Make a conclusion
Data Analysis
 The first objective is done by testing a sample of the water TAPS of Malang
use help tools pH meter and TDS meter, having obtained data then direrata
measurement results using Ms Excel., and further results from the calculation
of the average compared with a table of Permenkes No. 492 of the year (2010).
Then to sample bottled water is done by testing a sample of 30 aid tools use
AMDK pH meter and TDS meter, having obtained data then direrata
measurement results, and further results from the calculation of average
dibandingka with table from Permenkes No. 492 of the year (2010).
 Third objective After obtaining the average of pH and TDS meter
measurements, then the data was compared with the pH and TDS standard of
the Minister of Health number 492 (2010). Based on data from the Minister of
Health number 492 years (2010) the terms of drinking water packaging is good
if viewed from the ph of 6.5-8.5, while for tds is 500 mg / l. after the data
obtained from the measurement of PDAM water tap water and AMDK then
further can be drawn conclusion whether the water taps PDAM Malang city
feasible if used as clean water directly drink or not.
 RESULT

Observations AMDK using a pH meter and TDS meter

Result observation of pH meter and TDS meter in the location of the research
can be seen in the following table.

Table 1.1

Table results of observations of pH and TDS AMDK (N = 30)

Sd pH n TDS n Permenkes WHO

AMDK AMDK no. 492 (2003)
tahun
(2010)
pH= X±0.39 7.53 30 139.83 30 pH= 6,5- TDS= 300
8,5 mg/l
TDS = X±62.80 TDS= 500
mg/l

Sample AMDK used comes from several well-known brands and most of the
rest comes from local bottled water brands, samples of water used in testing range 50
ml. Physical State sample strategies can directly observable by eye that is the sample is
odorless, colorless, and, after testing with drinking samples have no sense. Then on each
sample performed testing using a pH meter and obtained by pH range 6.5-8.0 range
after it's done with testing against TDS meters and obtained range between 30-200 ppm.
Based on the results of the measurements of 30 samples AMDK, average for pH meter
that is 7.528666667 and for the TDS meter IE 139.9 ppm.

Table 1.2

Table results of observations of pH and TDS Fresh Water (N = 30)

SD pH n TDS n Permenkes WHO

AMDK AMDK no. 492
tahun
(2010)
pH= 7,15 30 296,13 30 pH= 6,5- TDS= 300
X±0.363797973 mg/l 8,5 mg/l
TDS= 500
TDS = mg/l
X±194.1738882

Sampling for testing tap water TAPS is done by taking a water sample of 30
randomly in the city of Malang. The sample used in the test range 50 ml, the physical
state of the sample can be observed directly by the naked eye that is a sample of
odorless and colorless. Then on each sample performed testing using a ph meter and
obtained by ph range 6.5-8.0 range after it's done with testing against TDS meters and
obtained range between 100-1000 ppm. Based on the results of the measurements of 30
samples of tap water taps malang, average for pH meters i.e. 7,154 and to TDS meter IE
296 ppm.

Eligibility of Clean Water (Tap Water) in the City of Malang If Made Clean Water
Ready to Drink

Based on data from permenkes number 492 years (2010) about the terms of
good bottled water if be reviewed from one chemical parameters ph i.e. 6.5 to 8.5, while
for chemical parameters one of the TDS i.e. 500 mg/l. based on test results using a pH
meter against sample AMDK and tap water TAPS Malang namely 7.528666667 and
7,154 then refer to the data from the Permenkes number 492 years (2010) it can be said
that tap water TAPS Malang if its pH value of eligible as drinking water. Then to the
average results obtained i.e. TDS 139.8333333 for sample AMDK and 296.1333333 for
samples of tap water, when compared between them shared from TDS samples AMDK
with tap water. Refer to the data from the Permenkes number 492 years (2010) it can be
said that tap water TAPS Malang if in terms of the value of his tds to meet the drinking
water.

According to the WHO (2003) the presence of dissolved solids in water can
affect the taste. The palatability of drinking water has been assessed by panels with
respect to the level of tds as follows: excellent, less than 300 mg/liter; well, between
300 and 600 mg/liter; Currently, between 600 and 900 mg/liter; ugly, between 900 and
1200 mg/liter; and unacceptable, greater than 1200 mg/liter (1). Based on the results of
testing against AMDK TDS meter can be known that drinking water is circulating
among the public deserves to be consumed because the test results indicate the number
139 which means they meet standard AMDK WHO (2003). For tap water TAPS
Malang obtained 296 results which means tap water TAPS malang can be used as
drinking water, but if it is reviewed again according to WHO (2003) the value of the
TDS value approaching 300 mg/l, so it can be inferred even though tap water TAPS of
the city The unfortunate can be used as drinking water but better yet if tap water is only
used as a basic need, but if you want to use the tap water for better drinking water for
further processing is done for example, boiled in advance.
 DISCUSSION

The average result of pH testing of tap water of PDAM Malang City is 7,15 and
for AMDK is 7,53. Then for testing with TDS meter obtained data for AMDK is 139,33
and for water taps PDAM is 296,13. Based on the results of pengengatang done deril
(2014) it can be seen that the average results of physical parameters test each bottled
drinking water in the city surabaya already meet the standard quality standard in SNI
(2006) and also Permenkes (2010). Based on the research done by researchers (2014) in
a journal entitled '' Analysis of Fe, Ph and Quantity Levels on the Clean Water Piping
System (Case Study: Water Piping System at Ar Fachrudin B Umy Building,
Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul ) '' can be seen that the level of ph for men's bathroom from
the 5th floor of 6.7 then from the ground floor of 7.2 so as to increase from the top floor
down. For 7.2 then from the ground floor of 7.5. From the two journals presented above
it can be seen that the results of research that has been done not much different from
previous research.
 CONCLUSION

1. The result of the measurement of 30 samples of AMDK is 7.528666667 and for

TDS that is 139.8333333, from the data can be known if 30 samples of AMDK
that have been tested have fulfilled drinking water quality standard based on
Permenkes no. 492 years (2010) ie for pH meters with a vulnerable 6.5-8.5 and
for TDS meters of 500 mg / l. The result of the measurement of 30 tap water
samples of PDAM Malang City is 7154 and for TDS is 296.1333333, from the
data can be known if 30 sample water tap water taps of Malang that have been
tested to meet drinking water quality standards based on Permenkes no. 492
years (2010) ie for pH meters with a vulnerable 6.5-8.5 and for TDS meters of
500 mg / l.
2. The average result of pH testing of tap water of PDAM Malang City is 7.15 and
for AMDK is 7,528666667. Then for testing with TDS meter obtained data for
AMDK is 139,333333 and for water taps PDAM is 296,1333333. From the data
can be concluded if the water taps PDAM Malang City can be used as drinking
water, but can not really directly drunk for example just have to go through the
stage heated before consumption. hAL is necessary because there is a
considerable difference in the measurement results using TDS between samples
of AMDK with tap.

SUGGESTION

1. The need for further research related to Water of PDAM taps of Malang city
as direct clean drinking water considering the result of measurement using ph
and Tds showing Water faucet PDAM fulfill drinking water standard based on
table from Permenkes no 492 (2010).

2. In research conducted still many flaws in the use of tools such as buffer
solution on the ph meter is dirty, so it is feared the results of mensuration less
accurate.
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 Variable Jabaran Table

No. Variabel Sub Indikator Skala variabel Cara pengukuran

variabel 4 macam:rasio, data
(kajian interval, ordnal, dan
pustaka) nominal

1. pH dan Kualitas ● pH antara 6,0-8,5 Skala interval, sebab ● Pengujian

TDS Air air bersih ● TDS: Kandungan data didapatkan dari pH
kran logam yang terlarut pengukuran secara dilakukan
PDAM tidak melebihi langsung menggunaka
Kota ambang batas antara n pH meter
Malang 300 dan 600 mg/liter ● Pengujian
kandungan
logam yang
terlarut
dalam
sampel air
digunakan
TDS meter

2. pH dan Kelayaka ● pH antara 6,0-8,5 Skala interval, sebab ● Pengujian

TDS Air n air ● TDS: Kandungan data didapatkan dari pH
minum bersih logam yang pengukuran secara dilakukan
kemasan terlaruttidak melebihi langsung menggunaka
ambang batas antara n pH meter
300 dan 600 mg/liter ● Pengujian
kandungan
logam yang
terlarut
dalam
sampel air
digunakan
TDS meter

3. Kelayaka  Penyimpangan Berdasarkan hasil

n air terhadap standar pegukuran terhadap
bersih yang telah ph meter dan tds
ditetapkan tidak meter, dan hasil
melebihi ambang perhitungan statistika
batas
- pH <6,0 dan
>8,5)
- TDS melenihi
900 dan 1200
mg/liter