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0 INTRODUCTION
Building that is built now days are no longer just shelter from rain, wind,
snow, sun, or other harsh condition of nature. Rather, they are built to create better,
more consistent, more productive environments in which to work and to live.
Building that is design and build must be comfortable to the people who are living
or working in it. Therefore building must be designed with features to provide better
lighting, comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality, convenient
power and communication capability, high quality sanitation and reliable system for
the protection of life and property. These entire desirable features have become a
reality with recent advance in the technology of mechanical and electrical (M&E)
system.
M&E system demand considerable floor and ceiling space. Without proper
space allocation during the preliminary planning phase of a project, the design
process may have to be started over again, and there often the system
performances are compromised. Furthermore, M&E system add to the cost of
construction of a building, in some instances approaching or exceeding 50 percent
of the total cost.
a. Mechanical Systems
• HVAC - Heating, ventilating , and air conditioning
• Site utility –Water supply, storm water drainage, sanitary
disposal, gas supply
• Plumbing – Water distribution, water treatment, sanitary
facilities, etc.
• Fire protection – Water supply, fire and smock detection,
automatic sprinklers
b. Electrical Systems
• Electrical power – Normal, standby, and emergency power supply and
distribution
• Lighting – Interior, Exterior, and emergency lighting
• Auxiliary – Telephone, signal, data, audio/video, sound, fire alarm,
security system.
c. Building Operation System
• Transportation – Elevator, escalator, moving walking way
• Processing – Production, food service
• Automation – Environmental controls, management
The industrial building management system provides the monitoring and
control for all mechanical and electrical equipment within the industry. The task of
ensuring smooth running operation of industrial building management system and
all of its facilities is not an easy one. With the help of safety electrical operation and
maintenance system, facility and maintenance administrators are able to coordinate
all the technical requirements for the optimal functioning of the industry facilities.
1. Meeting Room
2. Parking facilities
3. Security office
4. Toilet
5. Elevator
6. Offices
The reason why we choose this building is to find out their mechanical and
electrical system in office room and whether the building was designed as usually
as another government office in this country. Other than that, how does the
management system for mechanical and electrical device.
This project is to identify the M&E systems that can be found in building that
we choose, Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan,Batu Pahat. The objective is:-
We had a several sort of place that we have listed down. We had pick up
Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan Batu Pahat to continue the project as the
location is quite near from UTHM and also they have a good respond to entertain
us regarding this project.
Data were collected from office building, Ambang Wira Sdn. Bhd. From the
site visit of this building we know the M&E system over view, system components,
functions, technology, environment (indoor or outdoor), cost of building, problem
and impact. We was conducted by the head of the office En Abd.Rahman bin Talib
who was introduce us about the office working, the management and organization
of this government sector. Then he let us conducted by his technicians, En.
Norhisam bin Jemion and En. Mazlan bin Mohd Amin.He tells us about the M&E
system on the office. Building services engineering comprises mechanical
engineering, electrical engineering and plumbing (MEP) engineering, all of which
are further sub-divided into the following:
• Natural and Artificial Lighting, and Building facades
• Security and Alarm Systems
• Fire Detection and Protection
• Lightning Protection
• Lifts
• Heating and Air Conditioning (hvac)
• Water , Drainage and Plumbing
• Ventilation and Refrigeration
From the site visit, we also obtain the respective plans which are needed to
analyze the system of building, especially for Electrical and Mechanical, Fire
Protection and Ventilation System
Since this building has many departments that deal, the capacity of
ventilation system is limited in maintaining the quality system it is divided into
several sections where there is the Water Cool Pakage Unit (WCPU) systems, split
systems, air systems Curtin. But the overall system used is WCUP system (Chiller).
AH
This system used in a ventilation flow. The system began with the Air
Handling Unit (AHU) for temperature and humidity control system and then it
continues to re-circulation water pump for water and radiant heating and chiller for
cooling or fan coil.
This technology of requires a continuous flow of water and chemical material
usage as an additive, so that it can function properly and smoothly. This system
certainly provides many advantages over split system where it can provide cool air
to the faster pace throughout the big building. This technology also produce a noise
pollution but it’s not a big issue because the noise which it’s produce are less noisy.
Filter
compatme
nt
Overview component in
WCPU system
Supply air
diffuser
Return air
diffuser
a. Supply Duct
Ventilation duct system in which hot and cold air in and out. There are
two channels of inlet and outlet. Each function on the left and right.
Return air diffuser is known as return air grill. The diffuser is of single-
way return air diffusers and made of stainless steel. However, this
diffuser is better. The location of these diffusers is the AHU’s rooms
wall that connection the air inside the room with the outside. This can
allow the return air directly back into the room as the AHU rooms is
behind the stage.
d. Filter compartment
Air filtration is almost always present in order to provide clean dust-
free air to the building occupants. It may be via simple low-MERV
pleated media, HEPA, electrostatic, or a combination of techniques.
Gas-phase and ultraviolet air treatments may be employed as well.
4.4 Chiller
Indoor Outdoor
4.6 Impacts
Outdoor
Outdoor unit
The split unit is used at the several ground floor and 2nd floor in this
building. The cooling effect from the package unit is insufficient to supply the
chilled air to the area. Thus, additional cooling system is required to fulfill the
cooling requirement. Unlike the fan coil unit, the indoor unit blows directly to
the hall without any air supply ducts. There are 20 unit of split unit in the
building. The outdoor unit is located at the rear of the building and in front of
meeting room space.
I
ndoor Unit
a. Air curtain
The other type of split unit is air curtain. This unit is place at a side
door of the front lobby. With the same principal of the split unit, but it
doesn’t being used to air-condition a room. But, it is used to create a
curtain of air by blowing from the upper of the door down to the floor.
The main function is to block the outside heat from entering and
infiltrating into the lobby area.
4.8 Maintenance
a. Daily
- Chiller-inspect chiller, check oil level and take reading 3 times
- Cooling tower:-check water,float valve and belting
b. Weekly
- Cooling tower:-carry out water treatment
The four (4) main point of important plan procedures is listed below as
the primarily step to take action before any conflagration happen.
1. Fire Prevention
2. Fire Protection
3. Fire Safety Plan
4. Fire Fighting tools and equipment
These four (4) elements is the part of planning in order to prevent any
problem or unexpected thing happened and caused the building fail to run its
purpose. Bangunan GunaSama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, owned by the
Federal Government of Malaysia that locates the all government agencies as
one central of administration. Moreover, the building shared by agencies as
their responsibility to keep private and confidential all over the thing, so, the
fire protection is important thing to do to ensure the workability and salvation
of legal document fully protected. The Safety Planning has to divide in four
elements so that the management can easily evaluate all the unexpected
thing, miscellaneous tool and equipment to provide while the financial is
going to be considered.
1. Zoning Area
2. Fire Protections tools and Equipments
3. Lessons of Fire Prevention
4. Fire action plans
5. Regular Connective with Fire and Rescue Department
6. Maintenance
The fire action plan should be followed by all visitors, staff, students
and residents in the event of fire or activation of alarm system. All
people with personal emergency evacuation plans will have separate
arranged procedures to follow. All people with personal emergency
evacuation plans will have separate arranged procedures to follow.
Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, had a plan by
referring to the zoning area and Fire Action Plan that was released to
the staff in that building so that they know how to handling the
emergency situation and what they have to do when facing on that
panic situation and action should be taken. Action should be taken by
following the chart of Fire Action Plans that was provided by the
building authority as attached on the next page. The staff also should
be follow the step If There’s a Fire and need to act instantly, swiftly and
calmly once you become aware of a fire;
a) Alert everyone - Make sure everyone in your home
knows about the fire. Shout. Get everyone together.
b) Don’t delay.
c) Shut doors - As you go out, only open the doors you
need to. Close any open doors. Before you open a door
check it with the back of your hand. If it’s warm, don’t open
it – the fire is on the other side.
d) Get everyone out - Use your escape route. Stay
together if you can.
e) Crawl on the floor if there’s smoke - The air is
cleaner near the floor so if there’s smoke put your nose as
low as possible. Remember, smoke is poisonous and can kill
you.
f) Call 994 - Once you’ve escaped, use a mobile or a
neighbour’s phone. 994 calls are free.
• Speak slowly and clearly.
• Give the whole address of your home and the town.
• Say what is on fire (eg, a two-storey house).
• Explain if anyone is trapped and what room they are in.
g) Don’t go back in - Don’t go back in for anything.
All the systems in Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, fully
protected and completed with the high intention of the fire protection
equipments and tools. Moreover, Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan,
Batu Pahat, has use an advance technology in order to protect and fire
alert to the building that directly connected to the Fire and Rescue
Department. If there’s any problem or emergency, the system will run
automaticly so that they protection system will work up to fight the fire
and alert the Fire and Rescue Department to get move immediately.
EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA
There are two (2) kinds of active fire protections that has been used
in Bangunan Guna Sama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat;
A. Fire Suppression
Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (firefighting)
or automatically. Manual includes the use of a fire extinguisher or a
Standpipe system. Automatic means can include a
fire sprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or firefighting foam
system. Automatic suppression systems would usually be found in
large commercial kitchens or other high-risk area.
B. Fire Detection
The fire is detected either by locating the smoke, flame or heat, and
an alarm is sounded to enable emergency evacuation as well as to
dispatch the local fire department. An introduction to fire detection
and suppression can be found here. Where a detection system is
activated, it can be programmed to carry out other actions. These
include de-energising magnetic hold open devices on Fire doors and
opening servo-actuated vents in stairways.
5.6.1 Elevator
1. Traction Lift
The traction lift is generated by the electric power. It has lift shaft
and cable to urge upward loading.
5.6.2 Lift Operation Room
Natural light is radiant energy that originates from the sun. Daylight
is indeed an amenity. With help of the building design and materials, glass
wall act as main day lighting. Windows and walls provide visual contact
with the outside, and the resultant daylight provides a bright and pleasant,
air ambience. When daylight enters through windows, its horizontal
directivity provides good modeling
shadows, minimal veiling reflections,
and excellent vertical surface
illumination.
For this building water is supply using downfeed/ indirect system. In the
typical downfeed/ indirect system, the connection with the street main is carried
directly to a tank placed or at some point above the highest fixture, water is
supplied down through vertical pipes to the lowest point in the pressure zone.
The supply to tank is regulated by a ball-cock which automatically shuts off the
water when the tank becomes full, and opens and refills it again when water is
drawn out. The height of the tank provides additional static head, increasing the
pressure in the water distribution system.
These are the advantages of the downfeed/ indirect water tank
system:
• Less complex then other system
• Fewer components are required to control the operate the system
• More efficient and cost less to operate
• May utilize a small pump
• Maintenance requirements are minimal
• Uniform pressure
Disadvantages of the downfeed/ indirect water tank system:
• An exposed tank, or the enclosure around it, may be considered
unsightly
• Building structure may require reinforcement to support the additional
weight
• Water pressure on the upper floor may be inadequate for some fixtures
8.0 CONCLUSION
From this project we conclude that, all buildings need mechanical and
electrical system more efficient, better, productive environment in which to work
and to live. Buildings must be designed with features to provide better lighting,
comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality. All these desirable
features have become a reality with recent advances in the technology of
mechanical and electrical systems. We can see for the building of Bangunan
Gunasama Persekutuan, Batu Pahat, a new system, especially in terms of
ventilation system.
Another that, we can identify the mechanical and electrical system during
the site visit conducted. Types of ventilation are being use depends on several
factors which contribute the building needs.
9.0 DISCUSSION
We conduct the site survey to get more experiences and also lessons in
the class to make us more familiar with the mechanical and electrical system.
Most of the systems that we found in the Bangunan Gunasama Persekutuan,
Batu Pahat are the latest. A few benefit from this site survey, we are exposed to
the real system, components and new function of air-conditioning.
Reference