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Q. 5
(d) In spermatogenesis, all spermatids produced in meiosis II will form sperms, whereas in oogenesis, only
one of the four secondary oocytes produced in meiosis II will form an ovum. The rest will form polar
bodies and eventually disintegrate.
Q. 7
(c)(i) (ii)
(d)
(ii) Woman J: She might undergo a miscarriage. Due to the absence of hormone Q (progesterone), the
endometrium is not thickened and implantation of embryo is thus not firm.
Woman K: She might give birth to non-identical twins as both secondary oocytes will be fertilised,
producing two separate embryos.
Q9
(b) If oestrogen (P) secretion is reduced, LH(Y) is inhibited or reduced. Ovulation is delayed or does not
occur.
If oestrogen (P) secretion is excessive, stimulates secretion of LH (Y) inhibits FSH (X). No follicle
development. Ovulation is hastened.
(c) (d) (i) Hormone Q: Progesterone Structure T: Corpus luteum
th
(ii) On the 16 day, T is formed, hormone Q is secreted.
On the 24th day, T degenerates and the levels of hormone Q declines.
(e)The pituitary gland produces FSH to stimulate the development of follicles in the ovary. The follicle
secretes oestrogen to repair the uterine wall. After the 14thday, the pituitary gland produces LH that
causes ovulation.
Q 10
Q12
(c) The egg is much bigger than the sperm because it contains yolk in its cytoplasm to supply energy during
the early stages of development of a zygote.
(d) A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure in the nucleus which shows up clearly during the early
stages of cell division. Each chromosome is made up of two chromatids and there is a series of genes
along the length of chromosome.
(f) (ii) Haemophilia is due to an inheritable gene mutation and is transmitted via an X chromosome. Females
who are heterozygous or carriers of the trait, carry the recessive gene. Despite the father having a normal
gene
Q 16
(d)(i) The ovum is removed using a fine tube that is inserted into the body space through a surgical cut at the
abdomen, to obtain the ovum from the ovary.
(ii) A blocked oviductus prevents the ovum from being removed through the uterus and oviductus.
(e) The ovum that is removed is then mixed with a sperm so that fertilisation occurs to form a zygote. The
zygote is allowed to divide into the blastula before being inserted into the woman's uterus