1.

Water Resources - Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to
humans

2. Water Resources Planning -

3. Water Resources Development

4. Water Supply - Water supply is the process of providing water in a systematic way through
installed pumps and pipe lines.

5. Ground water - Groundwater is fresh water located in the subsurface pore space of soil and
rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.
Water that has seeped beneath the earth’s surface and is stored in the pores and spaces
between alluvial materials (sand, gravel or clay).
a. Ground Water Hydraulics
b. Ground Water Hydrology

6. Aquifer - An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or

unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
a. Unconfined - Unconfined aquifers are those into which water seeps from the ground
surface directly above the aquifer.
b. Confined - Confined aquifers are those in which an impermeable dirt/rock layer exists
that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface located
directly above. Instead, water seeps into confined aquifers from farther away where the
impermeable layer doesn't exist.

7. Sewage - waste water and excrement conveyed in sewers.

8. Sewerage - Sewerage is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater,
meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains,
manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer
or sanitary sewer. Sewerage ends at the entry to a sewage treatment plant or at the point of
discharge into the environment. It is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc. that conveys
the sewage or storm water.

9. Ground Water Recharge - Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a

hydrologic process where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater.

10. Water Treatment - Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it
more acceptable for a specific end-use.
A. Hydrology - Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water
on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources and environmental
watershed sustainability.

B. Descriptive Hydrology -

C. Quantitative Hydrology - Quantitative analysis of hydrologic processes, including precipitation,

water yield, stormwater runoff, flood routing, groundwater flow, and water quality. Used to
describe, understand, predict, and manage hydrologic behavior in both natural and developed
environments.

D. Precipitation - precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that
falls under gravity

E. Evaporation - Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it

changes into the gas phase before reaching its boiling point.

F. Run-off - Runoff, in hydrology, quantity of water discharged in surface streams. Runoff includes
not only the waters that travel over the land surface and through channels to reach a stream but
also interflow, the water that infiltrates the soil surface and travels by means of gravity toward a
stream channel (always above the main groundwater level) and eventually empties into the
channel. Runoff also includes groundwater that is discharged into a stream; streamflow that is
composed entirely of groundwater is termed base flow, or fair-weather runoff, and it occurs
where a stream channel intersects the water table.

i. Surface Runoff - Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that
occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's
surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives
more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas (roofs and pavement)
send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface runoff is a
major component of the water cycle. It is the primary agent in soil erosion by water

ii. Ground water runoff - That part of the runoff which has passed into the ground, has
become ground water, and has been discharged into a stream channel as spring, or
seepage water.

G. Transpiration - Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its
evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.

H. Infiltration - Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil.

 I. Water Shed - A watershed is an area of land that feeds all the water running under it and
draining off of it into a body of water. It combines with other watersheds to form a network of
rivers and streams that progressively drain into larger water areas.

J. Seepage - the slow escape of a liquid or gas through porous material or small holes.

K. Water Vapor - water in a vaporous form especially when below boiling temperature and
diffused (as in the atmosphere)

L. Relative Humidity - the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the
greatest amount possible at the same temperature

Sketch of Occurrence of Hydrology Cycle