V 2 RL IA

P I L 2 RL 2 2
RS RL XS XL R1 jX1 jX2 R2
2 2 2 2
P RS RL XS XL V V RL 2 RS RL + j1.066 ? 0.154 ?
0.15 ? j0.852 ?
RL 2 2 2
RS RL XS XL
1 s
V? j20 ? jXM R2
To find the point of maximum power supplied to the load, set P / RL = 0 and solve for RL . s
2 2 7.546 ?
RS RL XS XL V 2 V 2 RL 2 RS RL 0 -
2 2
RS RL XS XL 2 RL RS RL (a) The easiest way to find the line current (or armature current) is to get the equivalent impedance Z F
2 2 2 2 of the rotor circuit in parallel with jX M , and then calculate the current as the phase voltage divided by
RS 2 RS RL RL XS XL 2 RS RL 2 RL
the sum of the series impedances, as shown below.
2 2 2 2
RS RL XS XL 2 RL IA
R1 jX1 jXF RF
2
RS 2 XS XL RL2
+
Therefore, for maximum power transfer, the load resistor should be 0.15 ? j0.852 ?

2
RL RS 2 XS XL
V?
6-15. A 460-V 60-Hz four-pole Y-connected induction motor is rated at 25 hp. The equivalent circuit
parameters are
-
R1 = 0.15 R2 = 0.154 X M = 20
The equivalent impedance of the rotor circuit in parallel with jX M is:
X 1 = 0.852 X 2 = 1.066
1 1
PF&W = 400 W Pmisc = 150 W Pcore = 400 W ZF 6.123 j 3.25 6.932 28.0
1 1 1 1
For a slip of 0.02, find jX M Z 2 j 20 7.70 j1.066
(a) The line current I L The phase voltage is 460/ 3 = 266 V, so line current I L is
(b) The stator power factor V 266 0 V
IL I A
(c) The rotor power factor R1 jX 1 RF jX F 0.15 j 0.852 6.123 j3.25
(d) The rotor frequency I L I A 35.5 33.2 A

(e) The stator copper losses PSCL (b) The stator power factor is
PF cos 33.2 0.837 lagging
(f) The air-gap power PAG
(c) To find the rotor power factor, we must find the impedance angle of the rotor
(g) The power converted from electrical to mechanical form Pconv
1 X2 1 1.066
(h) The induced torque R tan tan 7.88
ind R2 / s 7.70
(i) The load torque load (d) The rotor frequency is
(j) The overall machine efficiency fr sf s 0.02 60 Hz 1.2 Hz
(k) The motor speed in revolutions per minute and radians per second Therefore the rotor power factor is
(l) What is the starting code letter for this motor? PFR cos 7.88 0.991 lagging
SOLUTION The equivalent circuit of this induction motor is shown below:
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(e) The stator copper losses are (l) The equivalent circuit of this induction motor at starting conditions is shown below:
2 IA
PSCL 3I A 2 R1 3 35.5 A 0.15 567 W
R1 jX1 jX2 R2
2 R2 2
(f) The air gap power is PAG 3I 2 3I A RF + j1.066 ? 0.154 ?
s 0.15 ? j0.852 ?
2 R 2
(Note that 3I A RF is equal to 3I 2 2 , since the only resistance in the original rotor circuit was R2 / s ,
s j20 ? jXM
V?
and the resistance in the Thevenin equivalent circuit is RF . The power consumed by the Thevenin
equivalent circuit must be the same as the power consumed by the original circuit.)
-
R2 2
PAG 3I 2 2 3I A 2 RF 3 35.5 A 6.123 23.15 kW
s
The easiest way to find the line current (or armature current) is to get the equivalent impedance Z F of the
(g) The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is
rotor circuit in parallel with jX M , and then calculate the current as the phase voltage divided by the sum
Pconv 1 s PAG 1 0.02 23.15 kW 22.69 kW of the series impedances, as shown below.
(h) The synchronous speed of this motor is IA
R1 jX1 jXF RF
120 f se 120 60 Hz
nsync 1800 r/min
P 4 + 0.15 ? j0.852 ?
2 rad 1 min
sync 1800 r/min 188.5 rad/s
1r 60 s
V?
Therefore the induced torque in the motor is
PAG 23.15 kW
ind 122.8 N m -
sync
2 rad 1 min
1800 r/min
1r 60 s
The equivalent impedance of the rotor circuit in parallel with jX M is:
(i) The output power of this motor is 1 1
ZF 0.139 j1.013 1.023 82.2
POUT Pconv Pmech Pcore Pmisc 22.69 kW 400 W 400 W 150 W 21.74 kW 1 1 1 1
jX M Z 2 j 20 0.154 j1.066
The output speed is
The phase voltage is 460/ 3 = 266 V, so line current I L is
nm 1 s nsync 1 0.02 1800 r/min 1764 r/min
V 266 0 V
Therefore the load torque is IL I A
R1 jX 1 RF jX F 0.15 j 0.852 0.139 j1.023
POUT 21.74 kW IL I A 140.2 81.2 A
load 117.7 N m
m
2 rad 1 min
1764 r/min The starting kVA of the motor is
1r 60 s
Sstart 3V I A 3 266 V 140 A 111.7 kVA
(j) The overall efficiency is
POUT POUT The locked rotor kVA/hp is
100% 100%
PIN 3V I A cos 111.7 kVA
kVA/hp 4.47
21.74 kW 25 hp
100% 91.7%
3 266 V 35.5 A cos 33.2 Therefore this motor is Starting Code Letter D.
(k) The motor speed in revolutions per minute is 1764 r/min. The motor speed in radians per second is 6-16. For the motor in Problem 6-15, what is the pullout torque? What is the slip at the pullout torque? What is
the rotor speed at the pullout torque?
2 rad 1 min
m 1764 r/min 184.7 rad/s SOLUTION The slip at pullout torque is found by calculating the Thevenin equivalent of the input circuit
1r 60 s
from the rotor back to the power supply, and then using that with the rotor circuit model.
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