HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IN THE MACHINES

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BY :

NAME :ELMINASARI PANJAITAN

ID NUMBER :8176176003

LECTURE :ENGLISH FOR PHYSIC

PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER PENDIDIKAN FISIKA

SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

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 2017

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IN THE MACHINES

The word hydraulic comes from English hydraulic which means liquid or oil. The
principle of hydraulic equipment utilizes the concept of pressure, example : the pressure applied
to one of the cylinder is passed to another cylinder, in accordance with Pascal's law. Hydraulic
equipment to repair the vehicle body has a very varying size, from equipment that only has a
power of about 1 ton, up to 50 tons. The type used is adjusted for the damage that occurs. The
types are also diverse and some tools can be combined with each other.

To obtain maximum results, it is necessary to be remedied repair procedures with

hydraulic tools. In the use of a variety of hydraulic equipment, usually we often use oil as an
intermediary to channel the pressure. So, repair the vehicle body to use oil to help our work. The
concept of hydraulics is widely used in the use of vehicle brake system, vehicle jack, car lifter
when washed, also on various heavy equipment such as back hoe, excavator and forth. In the
repair of the vehicle body, both minor damage and heavy damage, hydraulic equipment is often
required to repair the damage.

Application of Pascal's Law

1. Hydraulic Jacket

Application of Pascal’s law, figure shows a hydraulic jack

scheme consisting of : 2 related vessels made of strong
material (egg iron), small and large suckers , vessel filler oil if
we've ever seen someone change a car tire, the car part should
be fouled so that the car body is not tilted, for that humans use
the hydraulic jack.

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2. Hydraulic Brakes

The application of daily Pascal’s law , we ever known that the

brake system on the car uses Pascal law, the article when not
using this law then to stop the car will require a lot of power.
With this Pascal law, the driver of the car simply gives a small
force to reduce the speed of the vehicles this force is continued
by oil through the pipe thus providing a greater force on the
brakes located on the car tires.

3. Car Hydraulic Machine

Example of applying Pascal law the application of Pascal law is

also used to lift cars in car washes, the way they work with
hydraulic jack.

4. Bicycle Pumps

There are 2 types of bicycle pumps are regular bicycle pumps and hydraulic bike pumps, we will
be easier to pump bike tires by using hydraulic pumps because it only takes a little power.

5. Cotton Press Machine (Kemp)

Application of Pascal’s law in life in addition to hydro link jack, brake, pump, Pascal law
application also available in cotton pressing machine to get suitable size stored and disseminated.
The way it works is the compressive force generated by the pump that suppresses the small
suction, so that the big sucker moves upward and pushes the cotton, so the cabin gets
compressed.

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 A. WORK PRINCIPLE

The working principle used is Pascal's Law, namely: liquid objects in the enclosed space
when pressed, then the pressure will continue in all directions with equal. Hydraulic system is a
technology that utilizes liquid, usually oil, to perform an inline or round movement. This system
works on the principle that if a liquid is subjected to pressure, then the pressure will propagate in
all directions with no increase or decrease in strength. The principle in the hydraulic circuit is to
use a working fluid in the form of a liquid transferred with a hydraulic pump to run a particular
system.

The basic principle of hydraulic is the very simple nature of fluid liquid and the nature of
the liquid has no fixed shape, but always adjusts the shape it occupies.

Picture A. The first image shows that by using a

hydraulic system, it takes a smaller (F) force to be
able to lift a larger force.

Picture B .

The second picture explains the principle of using

a hydraulic motor on a pulley. And it takes a
smaller torque to be able to rotate pulleys with a
larger load (large torque).

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 Due to the fluid nature that always adjusts the shape it occupies, it will flow in different
directions and can pass in various sizes and shapes, so that the liquid fluid can transfer energy
and force. In other words the hydraulic system is a system of movement and control of force and
movement with liquid fluid in this case oil. The fluid used in the hydraulic system is oil. The
hydraulic fluid requirements used should have sufficient viscosity, good viscosity index,
fireproof, non-foaming, cold-resistant, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant.

B. BENEFITS / LACK OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

Years ago humans have discovered the power of water movement, although they do not
know it is a hydraulic principle. Since the first use of this principle, they have continually applied
this principle to many things for the advancement and convenience of mankind. Hydraulic is the
science of fluid movement, not limited to water fluids. Rarely in everyday life we do not use
hydraulic principles, every time we drink water, every time we step on our brakes apply
hydraulic principles.

Advantages of Hydraulic Systems

1. With a small but powerful device: Compared to other power sources capable of generating the
same amount of power, the hydraulic device is small and light.

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2. It can be operated remotely, Although between the power source and operating panel
separated by distance, but the power can still be distributed from afar.

3. The power generated can be adjusted accurately, To hold objects, press etc., mechanically it is
difficult to control it. But with hydraulics, with just 1 button, all the work is easily done.

4. Easy overload handling, Installation of safety equipment for overload cases is easy. When the
load is returned to the normal position, then the hydraulic pump will automatically work as
before.

Lack of Hydraulic system

1. The cost of manufacture is relatively large, Compared to other system machines, the
manufacture of hydraulic systems require a relatively large cost.
2. Need strict oil handling, Keep oil from dirt, and check the temperature of oil, need to be
done carefully and strictly
3. Oil is a dangerous item, Oil used for hydraulic is flammable. Because it must be
considered carefully, high-temperature items around it. However, there are also non-
flammable oils
4. Energy loss occurs during transmission, because there is a change in mechanical energy,
into hydraulic energy, loss of energy during transmission is unavoidable.

C. TYPES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

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The function of Hydraulic pumps hydraulic oil sucking fluid to be circulated in the hydraulic
system. Various kinds of hydraulic pumps are as follows:

1. Bird Fins Pump

This moving pump consists of many fins that can flexibly move inside the pump house. When
the volume in the pump room enlarges, it will decrease the pressure , hydraulic oil will be sucked
in, then forwarded to the compression room. Pressurized oil will flow to the hydraulic system.

2. Axial Pumps

This hydraulic pump will suck the oil through suction carried out by the piston driven by the
rotation shaft. The rotary motion of the pump shaft is converted into translational piston
movement, then a suction and compression step takes place alternately. so that the hydraulic oil
flow becomes continuous.

3. Radial Torah Pump

This pump is a radically mounted piston, when the rotor rotates eccentrically, the piston2 on the
stator will suck and compress interchangeably. This piston movement will be continuous,
resulting in a continuous lair oil / fluid.

4. Screw Pump

This pump has two interlocking or engage rotor, one having a concave shape, the other being
convex, so it can move the oil fluid axially to the other side. The two rotor are identical with a
pair of helix gears that are interlocked.

D. PARTS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

Oil: Oil is as a pressure

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Oil tank: Tank on Hydraulic system serves as Reservoir / Container Oil.

Picture : Parts of Hydraulic system

E. SYMBOLS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

1. Motor: Function of Motor to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy (Round), In this
hydraulic system motor function to move Pump.

2. Coupling: Coupling Serves as Transmission Transmission medium / Round from Motor to

Pump. Not all Motor on Hydraulic System using Coupling.

Symbol

3. Pumps: Inside Hydraulic System Pump serves as a Power Plant / Oil Flow that will be
distributed to Cylinder. At this pump there is a regulator that serves to regulate the oil pressure to
be supplied. Hydraulic system is used in large loads, in our production machines hydraulic
system is used for Clamping, Pressing, etc.

Symbol

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4. Pressure Switch: Pressure Switch is a tool that serves to detect the Oil Pressure. Apart from
the main Pressure Switch On the Hydraulic System, there are several pressure switches that are
enabled on the Solenoid Valve, this is used according to the pressure requirement on the
Solenoid Valve.

Symbol

5.Pressure gauge: pressure gauge serves as an oil pressure gauge on pumps, there are also some
pressure gauges used on solenoid valve.

Symbol

6. Pipe: hose / pipe on hydraulic system as media distribution of oil from pumps to cylinders.

Symbol

7.Check Valve: Inside Hydraulic System, Check Valve serves to open Valve flow direction, and
close if there is pressure / Flow Back.

Symbol

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Solenoid: In the Hydraulic System, Solenoid serves as a regulator of the direction of oil flow to
the cylinder, there are several kinds of Solenoid Valve that is used in the production machine
depending on the function & type of needs.