2016 Biennial International Conference on Power and Energy Systems:Towards Sustainable Energy (PESTSE)

Performance Analysis of Different Custom Power

Devices in Power Park
Manitha P. v. Manjula G. Nair
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Amrita School of Engineering Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Amrita School of Engineering
(Bengaluru Campus) (Amritapuri Campus)
manithapv@gmail.com cp.manju@gmail.com

Abstract-This paper discusses about the various custom power separately.ln custom power parks the loads are divided into
devices used in custom power park.The custom power plant different categories like gradeA, gradeAA and grade AAA [2].
ensures the delivery of high grade of powerto customers. The
performance of shunt active filter, DVR, SSTS, passive filter and The devices which are used to improve the power quality
overall CPP controller are analyzed.Simulation is carried out in a CPP are shunt active filter, series active filter, SSTS,
using Matlab Simulink platform. The control algorithm used for passive filter etc. Shunt active filter eliminates the current
shunt active filter and DVR are ICosQ) and IRPT respectively. A harmonics,does reactive power compensation and removes the
shunt passive filter is designed to eliminate the lower order unbalance. Series active filter do voltage harmonic
harmonics so that the rating of shunt active filter can be reduced compensation and eliminate the sag and swell. Shunt passive
considerably.The controller for SSTS is based on voltage
filter provide low impedance path to low order harmonics. So
detection scheme.The voltage of preferred and alternate feeders
are sensed and given to the overall controller of custom power a hybrid filter scheme reduces the rating of active filter.SSTS
park. is used to switch over between preferred and alternate feeders
when the voltage goes beyond certain limits[3] . The overall
Keywords-Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR),Shunt Active controller takes care the action of all these custom power
Filter,Custom Power Park.,SSTS etc devices. In addition to these a diesel generator is also used to
maintain the continuity of supply if both feeders are off.The
I. INTRODUCTION renewable energy sources can be integrated to grid using
Providing good quality power is major concern these active filters.
days. This becomes more crucial when the end users demand
There are different control algorithms used for shunt active
power of different quality.Different groups of end users such
filter such as IRPT,DC bus voltage, Synchronous detection,
as hospitals, semiconductor industries etc.expect the quality of
ICosQ) etc[4]. In the proposed scheme, ICosQ) control algorithm
power to be high along with their need for different quality of
is used for shunt active filter[5]. IRPT algorithm is used for
power. Due to increased load, different power quality issues
series active filter. The control strategy used for SSTS is
such as voltage perturbations, current harmonics, unbalance,
based on abc to dq transformation scheme.lRPT based control
flickering etc. are common issues these days [7]. From the
algorithm is used for series active filter [6].
consumer point of view, these power quality issues increases
the losses and power factor become poor and fmally the II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF C USTOM POWER PARK
consumer has to pay more money. Other than this the
integration of renewable energy source to grid also creates
various issues.
0 +----~ "'---+- 0
There are different methods to mItIgate power quality
issues such as passive filters, active filters, IPQC etc[7].
Installation of these devices will increase the cost. The main
solution to this problem is development of custom power
plant[l]. The custom power park will buy power from grid
and using the custom power devices;it will improve the
quality of power and sell to the consumers mainly industries.
The consumers are getting a chance to select the type
of power which they want. The cost which the consumer has
to pay is less compared to that if he installs these filters Fig.l. Block diagram of custom power park

978-1-4673-6658-8/16/$3l.00 ©2016 IEEE

 The custom power park ensures the delivery of
uninterrupted, reliable and high grade of power to the
consumers.Here the loads are classified into different
categories such as grade A, grade AA and grade AAA
respectively. Residential and industrial consumers come under
the category of grade A. They get the services of shunt active
filter. Semiconductor companies, educational institutions etc
will come under grade AA loads. In addition to the services of
shAF, if both feeders fails, DG will be switched on to
maintain the continuity of supply. Some sensitive loads like
equipment used in hospitals cannot even withstand even a
small change in voltage. Such loads are grade AAA 10ads.It
will get services of shAF, DG,series AF etc.
The main custom power devices used are SSTS, hybrid
filter, series APFetc.
A. Solid State Transfer Switch (SSTS)
SSTS helps to switch over between preferred and
alternate feeders if the voltage is reduced below some level.
The SSTS is used to transfer the loads of the park from
the preferred feeder to the alternate feeder in case of voltage
reduction in the preferred feeder. It consists of antiparallel
connected thyristors/gate turn off thyristors per phase.
Depending on the type of switching device, nature of fault,
detection scheme, commutating circuits etc., it can achieve a
load transfer to the preferred or alternate feeder. The GTO
based switches can achieve a fast transfer(less than a quarter
of the cycle) because of the turn off capability by applying a
reverse current in the gate.
B. Hybrid Filter
Hybrid filter consist of shunt passive and shunt active
filter. Shunt passive filter provide low impedance path to
tuned frequency. Shunt filter injects reference currents which
eliminate the current harmonics. This also does reactive power
compensation and prevents unbalance in the currents.Passive
filter is designed to eliminate lower order harmonics thereby
reducing the size of active filter. ICos0controi algorithm is
used for shunt active filter.The renewable energy systems can
be connected to grid by using shunt active filter as the
interface.Fig.2 represents the ICos0controi algorithm.
Fig. 2. ICos(il control algorithm
C. Series active filter
Series filter is used for compensation of voltage
harmonics, sag and swell in a three phase system even with
unbalanced source condition. It injects voltage which will be
added or subtracted with the voltage at pcc there by
maintaining sinusoidal voltages at load terminals.The control
algorithm used for series active filter is based on IRPT which
is shown in Fig.3.
Fig. 3. IRPT control algorithm
D. Diesel generator
If both preferred and alternate feeders are off, the
continuity of the supply can be maintained by switching on
the DG set. It may take 10-20 sec for the generator to reach
the rated speed, with the help of grid connected renewable
energy systems continuity can maintained this duration also.
E. Coordinated controller
The control of cpp is done by cpp control center which
continuously monitors the preferred and alternate feeder
voltage levels. The voltage is sensed and converted to dqO
axis and sent to the controller through low pass filter.Based on
the voltage level it will operate SSTS.If both feeders
fail ,control signal to DG will be sent and the series active
filter also will be turned on. The on and off of other custom
power devices also will be done by this controller.
The voltage at preferred and alternate feeder is sensed and
checked whether it is between 60% to 110%.Then whichever
is high that feeder is connected to load. The breakers for all
loads and breakers for shunt active, passive and series active
filter also are on.If the voltage is beyond the limit,then DG is
switched on.Then breaker to grade A load will be off.Other
devices will be on.
III. SIMULATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The matlab Simulink modal of the proposed system is
shown in the Fig.4.The simulation parameters are shown
below.
TABLE T. SIMULATION PARAMETERS
Feeder Voltage 415 V
A loads 10kW,1 kvar
AA loads 1OkW, 1 kvar, Diode bridge rectifier
with R load (nonlinear load)
AAA loads lOkW
 Fig.4. Simulink Model of Custom Power Plant

Three phase programmable sources are used as preferred,

alternate feeders and DG. The control signal for the circuit TABLE II. HARM ONIC ANALYS IS
breakers are given by cpp overall controller. These circuit
breakers are connected to series active filter, loads, shunt Harmonic Before After
active filter, passive filter, DG etc. Voltage source inverter is component compensation compensation
used as shunt and series active filter.The series active filter is Fifth 22.74% 7.94%
connected through transformer. Seventh 11.17% 3.88%
Eleventh 9.18% 5.99%
IV . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION thirteenth 6.34% 4.02%
A. Performance of Hybrid Filter
Shunt Active Filter
Shunt Passive Filter The shunt active filter compensates the current
Since the nonlinear load used is diode bridge rectifier load, harmonics. The pulses to VSI inverter which act as shunt
the current contains harmonic components of the order active filter are derived by ICosQ) controller. The voltage and
6n± I.The passive filter is designed to eliminate fifth, seventh, current waveform before and after compensation is shown in
eleventh and thirteenth harmonics. The values are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 respectively.
TABLE II.
 Vo!lageandcurrentbefolecornpenSili on
m ~--~--~---,---,~--.-~.---~---,---,--~
~L- __~__~__~__~____~__~__~__~__~~~
o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W
Time(. c)
Fig.5. Source Voltage and Current Waveform before Compensation
~, L- __ ~ __-L__ ~ ____L -_ _ ~ _ _-L__
ow. ~ ~ ~ w
Time(sec)
Fig.6.Source Voltage and Current Waveform after Compensation
It is observed that after connecting shunt active filter the
distorted current waveform become sinusoidal and is in phase
with the voltage. It is also seen that the time taken for the
controller to act is less than quarter cycle only.
B. Performance of Series Active Filter
The series active filter eliminates sag, swell and voltage
harmonics. The series active filter injects compensating
voltage which will be added or subtracted with the line
voltage to get sinusoidal voltage waveform. IRPT control
algorithm is used to generate the pulses for the Voltage Source
Inverter (VSI) which acts as series active filter. This Voltage
Source Inverter is connected in series with line using
transformers. The voltage waveforms before and after
compensation are shown in Fig.7 and Fig.S respectively.
@~IL-~~~~~~~~~~~~~••~~••~~~~~~~~~__~~.
~ ~ U
Tune(see)
Fig.7. Voltage before Compensation
, __~__~__~__~__~~__~~~~~~~~~
~IL
Tlmel' c)
Fig.8. Voltage after Compensation
~ ____L -_ _ ~ _ __
w ~ ~ u
At 0.25 sec, harnmonics are introduced in phase a.After
connecting series active filter, the voltage waveform become
sinusoidal.
C. Performance ofSSTS
SSTS helps to switch over from preferred and alternate
feeders if the value of particular feeder voltage is 10w.The
time taken for switchover is very less.
Fig. 9 shows the preferred voltage and current alternate
voltage and current and voltage at PCC respectively. From
O.lsec to 0.15 sec the preferred feeder voltage is SO% and
alternate feeder voltage is 100%, the SSTS transfers load from
preferred to alternate feeders. From 0.15sec to 0.2 sec the
alternate feeder voltage is less. Then loads are connected to
preferred feeder. This switchover happens with in very short
duration of time. From 0.2 to 0.25 sec both feeder voltage are
50%, then the voltage to Grade AA and Grade AAA loads are
taken from DG.
 •
I ==+:==~~....:....:.
[,~ t ..
- ...:....::.....':!,---_- _- -1..
1I us
+-1===:jl
U llS

I W U

- ~ U ~

Fig.9. Voltage and current at preferred feeder,voltage and current at alternate

i] !! !! ~
n m m ~ n u
Tlme(set)
~ m _ ~ g

feeder and voltage at PCC

D. Performance of DG
When both the feeders are off, the continuity of the supply
can be maintained by switching on DG.
Fig. 10. Shows the voltages of preferred, alternate, PCC
and DG current waveforms respectively. At 0.2 sec when both
feeder voltages are 50%, the power to grade AA and AAA
loads are taken from DG.
Fig.! O. Voltage at preferred and alternate feeder, voltage at PCC and DG
current waveforms
E. Performance of Overall Controller
The control signals to the circuit breakers connected to
active and passive filters, SSTS and DG etc. are sent by the
coordinated controller. It monitors the preferred and alternate
voltages and accordingly control signals are generated. The
voltage and current waveforms of Grade A, Grade AA, Grade
AAA loads are given in the Fig. 11.

500 Voltage (A load)

~.~ a __

. ...~
o 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
40 Current (A load)

!~- o 0.05 0.1 0.15 Voltage(Rhoad) 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

5OO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~----,-----~-----,

~.~o 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 035 04

!~ o 0.05 0.1 0.15 ~i 0.25 03 035 04

f~
~ I I I I

.5OO~------~;-------~--------~--------~------~~------~~~~~~~~~~J
o 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 035 04
20 current(AAA load) . .

! ~O~--------~~------~--------~~------~--------~~------~--------~--------~
0

o 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Time(sec)

Fig. II. Voltage & Current Waveforms of Grade A, Grade AA, Grade AAA loads
 It is seen that the voltage and current waveforms of grade
AAA loads are pure sinusoidal even if the voltage waveform
is distorted (0.25sec- 0.3 sec). Whereas the voltage of Grade A
and grade AA loads are distorted during this period because
Grade AAA load only gets the services of series active filter.
During the period O.2sec to 0.25 sec (when both feeders are
off), the continuity of supply is lost for grade A load. DG is
connected only to grade AA and AAA loads. The current
waveforms of all the loads are sinusoidal because of shunt
active filter performance.
V. CONCLUS ION
The paper attempts to address the power quality issues and
suggests a solution of power quality issues through the
concept of Custom Power Parks. In the proposal, a custom
power park is modeled and its performance is analyzed using
MATLAB Simulink. A control algorithm is suggested and it is
observed that the coordinated control scheme works
efficiently under different conditions of voltage variation. The
performance of shunt active filter, passive filter, series active
filter, SSTS etc. are analyzed. The shunt active filter
compensates the harmonics and the response time is found to
be less than quarter cycle. The series active filter eliminates the
sag, swell and voltage harmonics.The SSTS switch over from
preferred and alternate feeders within very short duration of
time. The voltage and current waveforms at AAA loads are
pure sinusoidal at all the time, which ensures best operation of
coordinated controller.
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