TITLE II


CONTRACTS

CHAPTER 1

General Provisions
Article 1305. A ________________________ is a ________________________ of
________________________ between two ________________________ whereby one
________________________ himself, with respect to the ________________________, to
________________________ ________________________ or to ________________________
some ________________________. (1254a)

Article 1306. The ________________________ ________________________ may

________________________ such ________________________,
________________________, ________________________ and ________________________
a s t h e y m a y d e e m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , p ro v i d e d t h e y a re n o t
________________________ to ________________________, ________________________,
________________________ ________________________, ________________________
________________________, or ________________________ ________________________.
(1255a)

Article 1307. ________________________ ________________________ shall be

________________________ by the ________________________ of the
________________________, by the provisions of Titles I and II of this Book, by the rules
governing the most ________________________ ________________________
________________________, and by the ________________________ of the
________________________. (n)

Article 1308. The ________________________ must ________________________ both

________________________ parties; its ________________________ or
________________________ cannot be ________________________ to the
________________________ of ________________________ of them. (1256a)

Article 1309. The ________________________ of the ________________________ may be

________________________ to a ________________________ person, whose
________________________ shall not be ________________________ until it has been
made known to ________________________ contracting ________________________. (n)

Article 1310. The ________________________ shall not be ________________________ if it

is ________________________ ________________________. In such case, the
________________________ shall ________________________ what is
________________________ under the circumstances. (n)
Article 1311. ________________________ take ________________________ only between
the ________________________, their ________________________ and
________________________, except in case where the ________________________ and
________________________ arising from the ________________________ are not
________________________ by their ________________________, or by
________________________ or by ________________________ of
________________________. The ________________________ is not
________________________ ________________________ the ________________________
of the ________________________ he ________________________ from the
________________________.

If a ________________________ should ________________________ some

________________________ in ________________________ of a
________________________ ________________________, he may
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p ro v i d e d h e
________________________ his ________________________ to the
________________________ ________________________ its ________________________. A
mere ________________________ ________________________ or
________________________ of a person is not ________________________. The
________________________ ________________________ must have
________________________ and ________________________ ________________________
a ________________________ upon a ________________________ person. (1257a)

Article 1312. In ________________________ ________________________

________________________ ________________________, third persons who
________________________ into ________________________ of the
________________________ of the ________________________ are
________________________ thereby, subject to the provisions of the Mortgage Law and
the Land Registration Laws. (n)

Article 1313. ________________________ are ________________________ in cases of

________________________ ________________________ to ________________________
them. (n)

Article 1314. ________________________ third person who ________________________

________________________ to ________________________ his
________________________ shall be ________________________ for
________________________ to the other ________________________
________________________. (n)

Article 1315. ________________________ are ________________________ by mere

________________________, and from that ________________________ the
________________________ are ________________________ not only to the
________________________ of what has been ________________________
________________________ but also to ________________________ the
________________________ which, according to their ________________________, may be
in keeping with ________________________ ________________________,
________________________ and ________________________. (1258)

Article 1316. ________________________ ________________________, such as

________________________, ________________________ and
________________________, are not ________________________ until the
________________________ of the ________________________ of the
________________________. (n)

Article 1317. ________________________ ________________________ may

________________________ in the ________________________ of
________________________ without being ________________________ by the
________________________, or unless he has by ________________________ a
________________________ to ________________________ him.

A ________________________ ________________________ into in the

________________________ of ________________________ by ________________________
who has no ________________________ or ________________________
________________________, or who has ________________________
________________________ his ________________________, shall be
________________________, unless it is ________________________,
________________________ or ________________________, by the
________________________ on whose ________________________ it has been
________________________, ________________________ it is ________________________
by the other ________________________ ________________________. (1259a)

CHAPTER 2

Essential Requisites of Contracts
General Provisions
Article 1318. There is ________________________ ________________________ unless the
following ________________________ ________________________:
(1) ________________________ of the contracting parties;
(2) ________________________ ________________________ which is the
________________________ ________________________ of the
________________________;
(3) ________________________ of the ________________________ which is
________________________. (1261)
 SECTION 1

Consent
Article 1319. ________________________ is ________________________ by the
________________________ of the ________________________ and the
________________________ upon the ________________________ and the
________________________ which are to ________________________ the
________________________. The ________________________ must be
________________________ and the ________________________
________________________. A ________________________ ________________________
________________________ a ________________________-________________________.

________________________ ________________________ by ________________________

or ________________________ does not ________________________ the
________________________ except from the ________________________ it
________________________ to his ________________________. The
________________________, in such a case, is ________________________ to have been
________________________ into in the ________________________ where the
________________________ was ________________________. (1262a)

Article 1320. An ________________________ may be ________________________ or

________________________. (n)

Article 1321. The ________________________ ________________________ the

________________________ may ________________________ the
________________________, ________________________, and
________________________ of ________________________, all of which must be
________________________ with. (n)

Article 1322. An ________________________ made ________________________ an

________________________ is ________________________ from the
________________________ ________________________ is ________________________ to
________________________. (n)

Article 1323. An ________________________ becomes ________________________ upon

the ________________________, ________________________
________________________, ________________________, or ________________________
of ________________________ party ________________________
________________________ is ________________________. (n)

Article 1324. ________________________ the ________________________ has

________________________ the ________________________ a ________________________
________________________ to ________________________, the
________________________ may be ________________________ at any
________________________ before ________________________ by
________________________ such ________________________, except when the
________________________ is ________________________ upon a
________________________, as ________________________ ________________________
or ________________________. (n)

Article 1325. ________________________ it ________________________ otherwise,

________________________ ________________________ of ________________________
for ________________________ are not ________________________
________________________, but ________________________ ________________________
to ________________________ an ________________________. (n)

Article 1326. ________________________ for ________________________ are

________________________ ________________________ to make
________________________, and the ________________________ is
________________________ bound to ________________________ the
________________________ or ________________________ ________________________,
unless the ________________________ ________________________. (n)

Article 1327. The following ________________________ give ________________________

to a ________________________:
(1) ________________________ ________________________;
(2) ________________________ or ________________________
________________________, and ________________________-________________________
who do not ________________________ how to ________________________. (1263a)

Article 1328. ________________________ ________________________ into

________________________ a ________________________ ________________________ are
________________________. ________________________ ________________________ to
in a ________________________ of ________________________ or
________________________ a ________________________ ________________________ are
________________________. (n)

Article 1329. The ________________________ ________________________ in article 1327

is ________________________ to the ________________________
________________________ by ________________________, and is
________________________ to be without ________________________ to
________________________ ________________________ established in the
________________________. (1264)

Article 1330. A ________________________ where ________________________ is

________________________ through ________________________,
________________________, ________________________, ________________________
________________________, or ________________________ is
________________________. (1265a)

Article 1331. In order that ________________________ may ________________________

________________________, it should ________________________ to the
________________________ of the ________________________ which is the
________________________ of the ________________________, or to those
________________________ which have ________________________
________________________ one or both ________________________ to
________________________ into the ________________________.

________________________ as to the ________________________ or

________________________ of one of the parties will ________________________
________________________ only when such ________________________ or
________________________ have been the ________________________
________________________ of the ________________________.

A ________________________ ________________________ of ________________________

shall give ________________________ to its ________________________. (1266a)

Article 1332. When ________________________ of the ________________________ is

________________________ to ________________________, or if the
________________________ is in a ________________________ not
________________________ by ________________________, and
________________________ or ________________________ is ________________________,
the person ________________________ the ________________________ must
________________________ that the ________________________ thereof have been
________________________ ________________________ to the
________________________. (n)

Article 1333. There is no ________________________ if the party

________________________ it ________________________ the
________________________, ________________________ or ________________________
________________________ the ________________________ of the
________________________. (n)

Article 1334. ________________________ ________________________ as to the

________________________ ________________________ of an
________________________ when the ________________________
________________________ of the ________________________ is
________________________, may ________________________
________________________. (n)
Article 1335. There is ________________________ when in order to
________________________ ________________________, ________________________ or
________________________ ________________________ is ________________________.

There is ________________________ when ________________________ of the

________________________ ________________________ is ________________________ by
a ________________________ and ________________________-
________________________ ________________________ of an ________________________
and ________________________ ________________________ upon his
________________________ or ________________________, or upon the
________________________ or ________________________ of his
________________________, ________________________ or ________________________,
to ________________________ his ________________________.

To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o f
________________________, the ________________________, ________________________
and ________________________ of the ________________________ shall be
________________________ in ________________________.

A ________________________ to ________________________ one's

________________________ through ________________________
________________________, if the ________________________ is
________________________ or ________________________, does not
________________________ ________________________. (1267a)

Article 1336. ________________________ or ________________________ shall

________________________ the ________________________, although it may have been
________________________ by a third person who did not take
________________________ in the ________________________. (1268)

Article 1337. There is ________________________ ________________________ when a

________________________ takes ________________________
________________________ of his ________________________
________________________ the ________________________ of
________________________, ________________________ the ________________________
of a ________________________ ________________________ of
________________________. The following ________________________ shall be
considered: the ________________________, ________________________,
________________________ and other ________________________ between the
________________________, or the ________________________ that the
________________________ ________________________ to have been
________________________ ________________________ was ________________________
from ________________________ ________________________, or was
________________________ or in ________________________ ________________________.
(n)

Article 1338. There is ________________________ when, through

________________________ ________________________ or ________________________ of
________________________ of the contracting parties, the ________________________ is
________________________ to ________________________ into a
________________________ which, without them, he would not have
________________________ to. (1269)

Article 1339. ________________________ to ________________________

________________________, when there is a ________________________ to
________________________ them, as when the ________________________ are
________________________ by ________________________ ________________________,
________________________ ________________________. (n)

Article 1340. The ________________________ ________________________ in

________________________, when the ________________________ party had an
________________________ to ________________________ the
________________________, are not in themselves ________________________. (n)

Article 1341. A ________________________ ________________________ of an

________________________ does not ________________________
________________________, unless made by an ________________________ and the other
party has ________________________ on the former's ________________________
________________________. (n)

A r t i c l e 1 3 4 2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b y a t h i rd p e r s o n d o e s n o t
________________________ ________________________, unless such
________________________ has ________________________ ________________________
________________________ and the ________________________ is
________________________. (n)

Article 1343. ________________________ made in ________________________

________________________ is not ________________________ but may
________________________ ________________________. (n)

Article 1344. In order that ________________________ may ________________________ a

________________________ ________________________, it should be
________________________ and should not have been ________________________ by
both contracting parties.
________________________ ________________________ only ________________________
the person ________________________ it to ________________________
________________________. (1270)

Article 1345. ________________________ of a ________________________ may be

________________________ or ________________________. The
________________________ takes ________________________ when the parties do not
________________________ to be ________________________ at all; the latter, when the
parties ________________________ their ________________________
________________________. (n)

Article 1346. An ________________________ ________________________ or

________________________ ________________________ is ________________________. A
________________________ ________________________, when it does not
________________________ a third person and is not ________________________ for any
________________________ contrary to ________________________,
________________________, ________________________ ________________________,
________________________ ________________________ or ________________________
________________________ binds the parties to their ________________________
________________________. (n)

SECTION 2

Object of Contracts
Article 1347. ________________________ ________________________ which are not
________________________ the ________________________ of
________________________, including ________________________
________________________, may be the ________________________ of a
________________________. All ________________________ which are not
________________________ may also be the ________________________ of
________________________.

No ________________________ may be ________________________ into upon

________________________ ________________________ except in cases
________________________ ________________________ by ________________________.

All ________________________ which are not contrary to ________________________,

________________________, ________________________ ________________________,
________________________ ________________________ or ________________________
________________________ may ________________________ be the
________________________ of a ________________________. (1271a)
Article 1348. ________________________ ________________________ or
________________________ cannot be the ________________________ of
________________________. (1272)

Article 1349. The ________________________ of ________________________

________________________ must be ________________________ as to its
________________________. The ________________________ that the
________________________ is not ________________________ shall not be an
________________________ to the ________________________ of the
________________________, provided it is ________________________ to
________________________ the ________________________, ________________________
the ________________________ of a ________________________
________________________ between the ________________________. (1273)

SECTION 3

Cause of Contracts
Article 1350. In ________________________ ________________________ the
________________________ is ________________________ to be, for
________________________ contracting party, the ________________________ or
________________________ of a ________________________ or
________________________ by the ________________________; in
________________________ ________________________, the ________________________
or ________________________ which is ________________________; and in
________________________ of ________________________ ________________________,
the mere ________________________ of the ________________________. (1274)

Article 1351. The ________________________ ________________________ of the

________________________ in ________________________ into a
________________________ are ________________________ from the
________________________ thereof. (n)

Article 1352. ________________________ ________________________

________________________, or with ________________________
________________________, ________________________ no ________________________
whatever. The ________________________ is ________________________ if it is
________________________ to ________________________, ________________________,
________________________ ________________________, ________________________
________________________ or ________________________ ________________________.
(1275a)

Article 1353. The ________________________ of a ________________________

________________________ in ________________________ shall
________________________ them ________________________, if it should not be
________________________ that they were ________________________ upon
________________________ ________________________ which is
________________________ and ________________________. (1276)

Article 1354. ________________________ the ________________________ is not

________________________ in the ________________________, it is
________________________ that it ________________________ and is
________________________, unless the ________________________ proves the contrary.
(1277)

Article 1355. ________________________ in ________________________ specified by

________________________, ________________________ or ________________________
of ________________________ shall not ________________________ a
________________________, unless there has been ________________________,
________________________ or ________________________ ________________________.
(n)