Organic Chemistry

Revision
Grade 10
 What is crude oil?

It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
 How was crude oil formed?

• From the buried remains of

animals and plants
• over millions of years
• High pressure and
temperature.
 What are hydrocarbons?

Are compounds made up of

hydrogen and carbon only.
 What is the name of the process
used for separating crude oil?

Fractional distillation
What is the name of the apparatus
used for separating crude oil?

Fractionating column
Name four fractions produced by
fractional distillation.

Refinery gas
Petrol
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel bitumen
Referring to the size of the hydrocarbon,
which one fraction will be collected at
the top? At the bottom of the
fractionating tower?

Short fractions at the top

Long fractions at the bottom
What are the products of the complete
combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

What are the products of the incomplete
combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Carbon monoxide and water

vapour
What is the name of the poisonous
gas produced by incomplete
combustion?
Carbon monoxide
What is the effect of this gas on
health?

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous

gas.
It decreases the oxygen carriers in
blood.
It may cause death if its level in
blood is high.
How can you break long chain
hydrocarbons?

By cracking
What is the difference between cracking
and fractional distillation?

Cracking is a chemical process

while fractional distillation is a
physical process.
What are the conditions for cracking?

High temperature
catalyst
What is a homologous series?

Members of the series have the

Same general formula.
Similar chemical properties
Successive members differ by CH2
similar physical properties such as
appearance, melting/boiling points,
What is the general formula of alkanes?

Cn H2n+2
What is the general formula of alkenes?

Cn H2n
Give the molecular formula of:
ethane
propene
butene
methane
C2 H6
C3 H6
C4 H8
C H4
Draw the structural formula of propane
Draw the structural formula of butene
What is the chemical test used to
differentiate between alkanes and
alkenes? what is the result?

Bromine water test

The bromine will decolorize in

alkenes and stays orange brown in
alkanes.
Write the polymerization reaction of
polyethene.

n C C C C
n
Name two other polymers and draw their
monomers then name them.

H CH3
Polypropene
C C
H H

H Cl
polychloroethene C C
H H