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World Bank
May 2008
Broad Framework
1.! Some neural systems and subsystems are highly
modifiable (neuroplastic), with the potential for either
enhancement or vulnerability.
Neville, H., & Bavelier, D. (2000), Specificity and Plasticity in Neurocognitive Development in
Humans, in The New Cognitive Neurosciences
Stevens, C., & Neville, H. (2006). Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
A Human Brain
Human Brain Development
Conel (1939~1963)
Old!
Synapse Development
Human Brain
Language!
Hearing!
Emotions! Vision!
Social skills!
Faces!
1.!Constrained
2.!Modifiable by and dependent on
experience during particular time
periods (multiple)
3. Modifiable throughout life
Western Society
Socio-economic status (SES) gradients
CUBA
High
SWE
NL,G
Language
Literacy
Numeracy CAN
GB
NZ
Health NI
Longevity US
IRE
Low
Low High
SES
(parents’ education and occupation)
Vulnerability of Syntax:
Adults with lower language proficiency
Story 1unattended
Harry the! Dog! Blue Kangaroo!
Story 2 attended!
Sanders, L., Stevens, C., Coch, D., & Neville, H. (2006). Neuropsychologia
Attention vulnerability:
Children from lower SES backgrounds
High
SES*
Low
SES*
3.5
2.5
High SES
2
Low SES
1.5
0
Attended Unattended
Stevens, C., Lauinger, L., & Neville, H. (In press). Developmental Science
Unpacking SES
talkative
moderately
talkative
not
talkative
children
talkative families
children
moderately
talkative families
children
families
not talkative
P > .4
Enhance Promote
language & pro-social
cognitive behavior & self-
development regulation
70
Percentage Occurence
0 70
0 60 60
0 50 50
0 40 40 *
0 30 30
20
*
0 20
0 10 10
0 0 0
Bal. Trn. Bal.
Bal. Trn. Trn. Bal. Bal. Trn.
Ch.Trn.
Dir. Bal. Ch. Dir.
Ch.Trn.
Dir. Ch. Dir.
Ch. Dir.
Lang. Mod. Lang.
Mod.Mod.
Ch. Dir.
Lang. Lang. Mod.
Lang. Mod. Lang. Mod.
TX CTL TX TX CTL
TX CTL TX
CTL TX CTL
TX CTL TX
CTL TX CTL CTL
*
*
Perceived Stress
Direction: Optimal
Therapeutic Gain
*
*
Conduct Problems
Direction: Optimal
Therapeutic Gain
*
*
Receptive Language
Direction: Optimal
Therapeutic Gain
*
*
Nonverbal IQ
Direction: Optimal
Therapeutic Gain
*
*
Sustained Attention
Direction: Optimal
Therapeutic Gain
*
*
Direction: Optimal
Associative Memory
Therapeutic Gain
•! Ongoing studies
#! Examining effects on electrophysiological measures of brain
organization
#! Following children longitudinally as they enter the K-12
school system
#! Replicating study with a larger sample