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Submitted By:
Muhammad Ihsan
Submitted To:
Internship Report Field Working
Table of Contents
1. Circulation system: ................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Mud pumps: ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Retainers: ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Pulsation dampeners: .............................................................................................................................. 6
1.4 Pipe manifold: ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Standpipe manifold: ................................................................................................................................ 7
1.6 Superchargers:......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.7 Rotary hose: ............................................................................................................................................ 8
1.8 Gooseneck:.............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.9 Wash pipe: .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.10 Bleed off valve: ..................................................................................................................................... 9
1.11 Pup off valve: ........................................................................................................................................ 9
1.12 Seat: ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.13 Jumper hose: ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.14 Suction and discharge line: ................................................................................................................... 9
1.15 Bell nipple: ............................................................................................................................................ 9
1.16 Possum belly: ........................................................................................................................................ 9
1.18 Shale shakers:........................................................................................................................................ 9
1.19 Desilters and desanders: ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.20 Degasser: ............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.21 Centrifuge: .......................................................................................................................................... 10
1.22 Parallel mode: ..................................................................................................................................... 11
1.23 Series mode: ........................................................................................................................................ 11
1.24 Agitator: .............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.25 Gun line:.............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.26 Auger: ................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.27 High Gravity dryer: ............................................................................................................................. 11
1.28 Sand trap: ............................................................................................................................................ 11
1.29 Mud pit:............................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Circulation system:
Circulation system is used to circulate drilling mud into the hole and out of the hole
which imparts a lot of functions for efficiently making a hole. This system allows drilling the
hole and removal of cuttings from bottom to top. It consists of mud pumps, mud tanks, pipe
manifold, standpipe manifold, solid control equipment’s, different flow line, etc. Flow line size is
16” and flow exit at either shale shaker or trip tank.
1.1 Mud pumps:
Mud pumps takes mud form the mud tanks and increase its pressure by using pistons
against the close end. WTI Rig 811 has three single acting triplex mud pumps. Single acting
means suction and discharge at different time. One liner of a muds pump has one inlet and one
outlet. During suction inlet is open and liner filled up with mud whereas in forward stoke outlet
opens discharging the mud into the discharge line. Pistons are synchronized at 120° with each
other. At one time only two mud pumps are in the working mode.
1.2 Retainers:
Retainers have a screen which distill small objects so that these objects do not
contaminate mud. If however these objects are not filter out, they will circulate with mud and
unfortunately plug bit nozzles.
1.6 Superchargers:
These are the motors which are used to conduct mud from the mud tanks to the mud
pumps. They ensure that line between the mud pump and mud tanks are always full of mud. If
suction lines are not full of mud then air will entrap into the lines which will exerts backpressure
on the mud pumps causing reduction in efficiency.
1.8 Gooseneck:
It is a curved shaped pipe integrated with swivel used to conduct flow of mud from rotary
hose.
1.9 Wash pipe:
Wash pipe have to parts rotating and non-rotating. Rotating part is attached to the end of
tubular in the well bore whereas non-rotating part is attached to the goose neck.
pressure zone is created in the center of the cone due to this centrifugal action allowing the liquid
mud to flow up while solids being removed through a jet at the bottom.
1.20 Degasser:
Degasser is used to remove gas out of mud because gas cut mud will reduce the
hydrostatic pressure causing well to flow. There is a vacuum type Degasser on Rig 811 which is
a vessel containing befalls. The mud containing gas enters the vessels and comes down falling on
the befalls which separate gas from it and gas being lighter escape from a vent on the top while
the mud being heavier collected at the bottom. In vacuum degasser there is a vacuum pump at
end of the vent pipe which creates vacuum in the tank to speed up the gas removal process. The
gas then goes to the flare pit away from the rig where it is burnt.
1.21 Centrifuge:
Centrifuge is also solid control equipment installed downstream of desilters and
desanders to remove cuttings which are not removed by these equipment’s. Centrifuges are used
for two different purposes bariting and de-bariting. They operate at two different modes: parallel
and series mode. Centrifuge is used to remove solids less than 7 microns. Barite the main
weighing agent in the mud and it has size of about 7 microns which cannot be removed by shale
shakers, de sander, and desilter. So mainly a centrifuge is used for barite removal because barite
being expensive if allowed freely to be wasted along with fluid leaving the system into the waste
pits more and more barite needed to be added to keep the mud weight as per requirement. Mostly
two centrifuges are used on the rigs one is for barite removal and other is used to remove solids
from the filtrate of first to supply clean mud in the system.
Water
Shale Sand
shaker1
Trap Trip
P Shale tank 1
shaker2
B
Strip Tank
Trip
Shale Settling tank2
shaker3
Tank TDS
Inter 1
Desilter
Desander
Inter 2
Centrif
uges
Inter 3
Pump 1
Reserve Suction 1
1A
Reserve 3
Pump2
Reserve
1B Suction2
Pump3
Reserve
Pre
2A
Mix
Reserve 4
Reserve
Slug
2B
Tank Water
MOL Pakistan Oil & Gas CO B.V. Tank Page 13
RESERVE # 4 RESERVE # 3
CAPACITY=463 bbl CAPACITY=463 bbl
VOLUME=5.61 bbl/in VOLUME=5.61 bbl/in
DRILLER
DIRECTION
Internship Report
TRIP 3 Trip 1
CAPACITY= 57 CAPACITY Water
bbl =57bbl 3CAPACITY=
VOLUME= 0.70 VOLUME
bbl/in 57bbl
=0.70
bbl/in
VOLUME=0.
TRIP 2 70bbl/in
Field Working
CAPACITY= 30
bbl
VOLUME
0.36 bbl/in
Page 14
Internship Report Field Working
2. Hoisting system:
Hoisting system is used to hang the drill string into the wellbore. It enables the motion of
the drill sting into and out of the hole and to apply the required weight on the bit. The weight on
bit is important because to overcome the compressive strength of the rock, required compressive
weight must be put down.
Hoisting system consist of
Mast or derrick
Draw works
Crown block
Travelling block and hook
Supply real
Dead line anchor
Drill line
Fast line
Dead line
Elevator
2.1 Mast or derrick:
A mast is a large pole shaped assembly placed over the substructure used to provide a
vertical height to raise and lower the sections of pipes into and out of the hole. The greater the
height, more joints can be lowered and raised into and out of hole. Masts and derricks are rated
according to the load and wind rating.
2.2 Substructure:
Substructure is installed in order to provide the vertical height between the ground floor
and the rig floor to allow the installation of blowout preventers. It supports the drilling floor.
Hence, supporting the mast, heavy equipment’s and stands of pipes in the finger board.
2.3 Draw works:
It is a control center from which driller can control the rig hoisting operations. It consists
of clutches, chains, sprockets, engine throttle, two motors and brakes. The spool of the
drawworks is used to spool around and spool off as the drilling line moves up and down in the
mast between the crown block and the travelling block.
2 main motors,
2 blower motors,
2 lube oil pump(1 is standby)
3 brakes cooling tanks motors
with the drive shaft. Drive shaft owns a saver sub which reduces the wear and tear on the threads
of the drive shaft.
27,000 lb
Weigh
Stack-up Height 17.8 ft
Power Requirements 700 KVA @ 575-600 VAC
Horsepower 800 hp
Output torque (continuous) 37,500 ft lb
Tool torque (intermittent @ stall) 55,000 ft lb
3.2 EZ torque:
It is used to provide the twisting force to make torque by using the tongue pull line as
moment arm. Tong pull line is spiral shape line between the tong and ez torque.
3.12 Slips:
Slips are wedge-shaped pieces of metal with gripping elements are used to prevent pipe
from slipping down into the hole or to hold pipe in place. Rotary slips fit around the drill pipe
and wedge against the master bushing to support the pipe. Power slips are pneumatically or
hydraulically activated devices that allow the crew to dispense with the manual handling of slips
when making a connection. Packers and other down hole equipment are secured in position by
slips that engage the pipe by action directed at the surface.
3.23 V-door:
An opening at rig floor on the side of the mast. The V-door is opposite the drawworks
and is used as an entry to bring in drill pipe, casing, and other tools from the pipe rack.
4. Mud logging:
Mud logging is a well monitoring technique to find out the parameters to ensure good drilling
practice. Mud logging includes measurements by using sensors and converting these
measurements to a signal for remote access. Mud logging sensors are divided into Digital and
Analog categories according to the following:
Digital:
Draw works Sensor
SPM Sensors
RPM Sensor
Analog:
Hook Load
Torque
Standpipe and Casing Pressure Sensors
Pit Level Sensors
Flow Out Sensor
Mud Temperature In / Out Sensors
Mud Weight In / Out Sensors
Mud Conductivity In / Out Sensors
Gas Detection Instrumentation
6. Power system:
The energy source for the rig is known as prime movers which are the large internal combustion
engines. These prime movers take the diesel as chemical energy source and that energy is being
converted into the mechanical energy by using the diesel engines. There are four diesel engines
in the rig 811, three engines works at a time whereas the forth one is used as backup. These
engines provide mechanical energy to AC generators. Generators convert the mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
One generator has the ability to produce 1100 hp.
Two step down transformers converts the high voltage into smaller voltage 400 V to operate low
capacity motors which is further reduced to 110/220 V to switch on the minicamp lights and
other electronics.
III. Close upper pipe ram (Close annular BOP if not sure for the exact tubular OD for pipe
rams).
IV. Open the choke line HCR valve.
V. Report STP/NTP and client.
VI. Line up trip tank to flow line to monitor any leakage in the BOP.
9. Blow out preventer (BOP) test:
Blow out preventer test is conducted by using the plug type tester which includes
pressurizing the BOP and other equipment’s at high pressure by using water. Pressure at which
this test is conducted depends upon the pressure ratings of BOP, IBOP, choke manifold, etc. the
procedure for pressure testing of BOP is as follows:
I. Pull out of hole (POOH) the drill string.
II. Take a stand of pipe and stab it to TDS.
III. Screw plug type tester to bottom of that stand and run it into the bore to retrieve the
wear bushing.
IV. After retrieving the wear bushing, took two stands of pipes and screw plug type tester
to it with upside down.
V. Then make the assembly to pressure test BOP which is as follows:
VI. Fill BOP with water.
VII. Close low torque valve and pressure test lines for any leakage.
VIII. Close annular, HCR valves on kill line and stand pipe master valve and pressure test
at 300/3500 psi.
IX. Pressure test UPR, kill line and choke line HCR valves and FOSV to 300/6500 psi.
X. Pressure test UPR, kill line and choke line manual valves and lower IBOP to
300/6500 psi.
XI. Pressure test LPR and upper IBOP to 300/6500 psi.
XII. To pressure test SPR, bleed off pressure remove assembly out of hole and connect
side entry sub to the choke manifold.
XIII. Close kill line, upper IBOP and shear ram to pressure test shear rams at 300/6500 psi.
upper IBOP
lower IBOP
saver sub
pup joint
kelly cock
To schlunberger
cementing unit side entry sub
Low pup joint
Chickson
torque drill pipe
line
valve
Plug type tester
Jars:
Jars are used to retrieve the drill string if stuck in the formation. Drilling jars are able to
produce the jarring effect both upward and downward but fishing jars can only produce jarring
effect upward.
Stabalizers:
These are used to provide the path to drill bit to make mud cake of good quality.
Stabilizers are of two types string stab and near bit stab. Near bit stab has box end at both ends
and a float valve catcher but the string stab has both pin and box end.