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Consonants
2. Place of Articulation
Labio- Post-
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
3. Manner of Articulation
dental alveolar
Plosive p b t d k g ʔ
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Tap or flap ɾ
Fricative β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Approximant ɹ j
Lateral l
approximant
1. Voicing: Symbols on the left side of the box are voiceless (e.g. [p]), while symbols on
the right side are voiced (e.g. [b]).
Not shown:
[t͡ʃ]: voiceless post-alveolar affricate
[d͡ ʒ]: voiced post-alveolar affricate
[w]: voiced labio-velar approximant
Vowels
ɪ ʊ
e o
MID ə
ɛ ʌ ɔ
LOW æ ɑ