INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL

MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
Abstract

Backgrounds: Hypertension is a global health issue that needs attention as it can lead to major deaths in
both developed and developing countries. According to Basic Health Research, in 2013 people with
hypertension at Indonesia is 25,8%. Meanwhile, from the Health Office of North Sumatra Province in 2015,
there were 151,939 people suffer from Hypertension. In North Sumatra there are have any General
Hospital one of them is Haji General Hospital Medan with a population of all people with hypertension as
849 in 2015. Incidence is a new case of a disease that occurs over a period of time. This study aims to find
out new cases of hypertension based on risk factors.

Methods: The type of research in this case is descriptive research. The population is 849 people with a
total sample of 133 people, based on the total sampling method with the incidence formula taken from
the first visit.

Results: The results from this study showed that the incidence rate is 0.15% or as many as 133 people
with the highest number in the age group of 56 - 65 years is 43 people (32.3%), > 65 years age group is 39
people (29.3%%), 46 - 55 years age group is 33 people (24.8%) , 36 - 45 years age group is 12 people (9,0)%,
26 - 35 years age group is 5 people (3,8)% and the lowest number in 12 - 16 year age group that is 1 person
(0,8% ).

Conclusion: Based on this data we have taken that the increasing age is the higher risk factor of
hypertension.

Keywords: Hypertension, Incidence, Risk Factors

Introduction

Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and is the most common risk factor
for cardiovascular disease, and is not optimally controlled worldwide. However, hypertension can
be prevented and effective treatment can reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack.1
In addition, to high prevalence and tends to increase the future, just because of the very high
malignancy of the disease, it is also causes permanent disability and sudden death. The presence
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
of hypertension greatly burdening the family economy, because the cost of treatment is expensive
and takes a long time, even a lifetime.2
According to World Health Organization, there is a billion people in this world suffer from
hypertension and 2/3 among them are in developing countries which have a average to low income.
Prevalence of hypertension expected to increase and at 2025 hypertension predicted as much as
29% or billion people in this world suffer from hypertension, in Indonesia incident number of
hypertension is high enough. The new statistical data states that there is 24,7% population of
Southeast Asia and 23,3% population of Indonesia aged 18 and over suffer from hypertension in
2014.3

The purpose of research writing is to find out new cases of hypertension based on risk factors
at Haji General Hospital Medan due to hypertension in Indonesia is quite high. Because, According
to Riskesdas, in 2013 people with hypertension at Indonesia is 25,8%. Meanwhile, from the Health
Office of North Sumatra Province in 2015, there were 151,939 people suffer from Hypertension.

Incidence is a new case of an illness that happen within a certain time. This method is used
to determine the risk of illness. Incidence rate is the proportion of the individual group which is
contained in a region or country that originally not sick and then become sick within a certain time
and numerator on that proportion is a new case (Utami, 2015). Then, this research is done to find
out how much the new cases of hypertension and how accurate the risk factor in this case.

Methods

There are several hospital in Medan, one of them is Haji General Hospital. This research is a descriptive
research to find out incidence of hypertension and population of this research is all of patient who suffer
from hypertension that is as much as 849 patient. Sampling in this research is a new case in 2015, as
much as 133 individual. Incidence formula of this research is :
𝑁𝐸𝑊 𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸
Incidence = x 100%
𝑃𝑂𝑃𝑈𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁

2
Arianto, PS Budi. 2016. Faktor Resiko Kejadian Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi Pada Lansia di
Kecamatan Penanggalan Kota Subulussalam Aceh Tahun 2014; 3. Available from:
http://repository.usu .ac.id/handle/ 123456789/ 58759
3
http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2015/en/
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
Results

This research taken from Haji General Hospital in Medan found that total population of
hypertensive patient who visited the hospital was 849 people, according that there were 133
samples with criteria for the first time coming to the hospital with hypertension.

New Case and Total Hypertension Risk Population at Haji General Hospital Medan on 2015

New case 133

Population 849

From this data we can create an age classification based on Departement of Health,
consisting from age 12 to 16 years old, 17 to 25 years old, 26 to 35 years old, 36 to 45 years old,
46 to 55 years old, 56 to 65 years old and over 65 years old, to determine the risk factors for
hypertension by age and gender. Where the number and percentage of each age group can be seen
in the table.

Table Distribution Frequency Based on Age

Age Frequensi (People) Percentage(%)

12 – 16 years old 1 0,8
26 – 35 years old 5 3,8
36 – 45 years old 12 9,0
46 – 55 years old 33 24,8
56 – 65 years old 43 32,3
>65 years old 39 29,3
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
Total 133 100,0

Frequence based on age

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
12-16 y.o 26-35 y.o 36-45 y.o 46-55 y.o 56-65 y.o >65 y.o

frequency (people) precentage (%) Column1

From the table above stem got percentage of cases of hypertension by age, that is as follows: Commented [A1]: Please rewrite line 91-104 as
paragraph, not listed. Avoid using the same words as it
At the age of 12-16 years there is 1 person (0.8%), At the age of 26-35 years there are 5 people shows redundancy

(3.8%), At the age of 36 - 45 years there are 12 people (9.0), At the age of 46 - 55 years there were
33 people (24.8%), at the age of 56 - 65 years there were 43 people (32.3%), at the age over 65
years there were 39 people (29.3%).
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia

Frequency Based on Gender

100
80
60
40
20
0
Gender

Male Female

From the table above stem got percentage of cases of hypertension by gender, that is as
follows: At the age of 12-16 years there is 1 person female, At the age of 26-35 years there is 1 Commented [A2]: Please rewrite line 91-104 as
paragraph, not listed. Avoid using the same words as it
male and 4 female, At the age of 36 - 45 years there is 4 male and 8 female, At the age of 46 - 55 shows redundancy

years there is 10 male and 22 female , at the age of 56 - 65 years there is 15 male and 27 female,
at the age over 65 years there is 14 male and 27 female

Using the data already obtained, incidence calculations can be calculated by distributing new
cases later with population numbers. The incidence of Hypertension from January 2015 to
December 2015 for 1 calendar year at Haji General Hospital can be calculated as follows:

133
Incidence = 849
x 100%

= 0,15%
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia

Insidensi = 0,15%
Kasus
Baru
15%

Kasus Baru
Populasi
Populasi
85%

Diagram Lingkar Persentase Insidensi Hipertensi pada tahun 2015 di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji
Medan

Discussion

Taking a new case and hypertension risk population at Medan Haji General Hospital aims to
perform incidence calculation so that the incidence rate of hypertension from at Haji General
Hospital Medan on 2015.

After finding the number of new cases of hypertension as many as 133 people with the total
population of hypertension risk of 849 people. Of all the patients were classified into 7 age groups
with the highest number of cases of hypertension at the age of 56-65 years ie 83 people from 133
hypertensive patients or 32.3%.

We can see that the more ages the higher the incidence of hypertension. Even there was a
decrease in age above 65 years from 32.3% to 29.3% just 3% difference Commented [A3]: CONFUSING. PLEASE REWRITE.
Decrease in what? Decrease from which year to which year?
Why only considering age as risk factor of hypertension?
This study is in line with research conducted by Sihotang (2015) where in the study as much It would be better to have the incidence of hypertension by
age and sex and other risk factors. If possible, please
as 87.5% of respondents with age > 40 years suffering from hypertension. According Kaplan cited
provide additional data analysis to provide clearer picture.
from Sihotang (2015), this is due to the elasticity of blood vessels decreased so that the blood
vessels become hardened as a result of increased systolic blood pressure. Structural and functional
changes in the peripheral vascular system are responsible for changes in blood pressure that occur
in the elderly.
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
What causes the occurence of decline at age above 65 years is still can not be ascertained.
Things that might happen for example mortality or lack of population above 65 years old in
working area of Haji General Hospital.

While in terms of gender it can be concluded that women suffer more from hypertension
with a total 89 people out of 133 while men only 44 out of 133 hypertensive patients.

According to Prasetyaningrum (2014), men or women have the same chance to suffer from
hypertension. However, men are more at risk of developing hypertension than women at the age
of 45 years. On the contrary, at 65 years and more, women are more at risk of hypertension than
men. This condition is affected by hormones. Women who enter menopause, are more at risk for
obesity and that will increase the risk of hypertension.

The result of this research in line with Siahaan (2017) in Haji General Hospital, which claim
that there is no meaningful differences between gender based on level of hypertension.

The result of incidence calculation obtained from the division of new cases with the number
of population at risk of hypertension is 0.15%. From the result of this incidence can serve to
illustrate how quickly the incidence of pain in cases of hypertension in a population. Especially in
this cases of hypertension, 133 new cases of hypertension per 849 people were found in 2015. Commented [A4]: REDUNDANT (REPETITION).

Conclusion

From this research, it can be concluded that increasing age can lead to higher risk factors
for hypertension and for the gender they have the same risk factors between female and male for
hypertension. The incidence or new cases of hypertension by 2015 at Haji General Hospital is
about 15% of the total population.
 INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT HAJI GENERAL HOSPITAL
MEDAN IN 2015
Kiki Dwi Kusuma Wardhany
Public Health Master Graduate Program, Sari Mutiara
Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia
Refrence

1. Leonard E, Pikir BS. 2015. Hipertensi Manajemen Komprehensif. Surabaya: AUP; 1

2. Arianto, PS Budi. 2016. Faktor Resiko Kejadian Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi Pada Lansia di
Kecamatan Penanggalan Kota Subulussalam Aceh Tahun 2014; 3. Available from:
http://repository.usu .ac.id/handle/ 123456789/ 58759

4. http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2015/en/

5. Sihotang UA, Nasution AN. 2015. Hubungan Faktor Risiko Hipertensi dengan Kejadian
Hipertensi pada Masyarakat Pesisir Laut Kecamatan Belawan; 25 – 27. Available from:
http://repository.usu.ac.id/ handle/ 123456789/ 46894

6. Prasetyaningrum, Yunita Indah. (2014). Hipertensi Bukan untuk Ditakuti. Jakarta : Fmedi

7. Siahaan RS. 2017. Karakteristik Penderita Hipertensi Yang Di Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit
Umum Haji Medan Tahun 2015; 62. Available from:
http://repositori.usu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/2109/121000283.pdf?sequence=1&isAllo
wed=y