TECHNICAL ENGLISH I

UNIT I

GENERAL VOCABULARY

• Breeder producer

• Coagulum thick, sticky substance

• Exotic unusual in style

• Cramped confined, kept in a narrow space

• Consumption the quantity consumed

• Prospect objective, result aimed at

• Statistics numerical facts collected methodically

• Tranquil peaceful

• Migrant one who moves from one place to another

• Informal unmethodical, irregular.]

• Salvage rescue, protect.

• Husk dry outer covering of seeds, grains, etc.

• Statutory required by written law or legislation

• Coolant fluid used for cooling.

• Sequence connected line of events

• Hazard danger, peril

• Diversity difference, variation

• Pollute ` contaminate

• Stimulus something that excites

• Alternative choice between two things

• Accumulated stored up

• Holistic whole, total

• Sophistication complex

• Core central part of an atom

• Intact unchanged, changeless

• Propostition a plan or scheme suggested

• Pedestrain one who walks

• Excellent good, fine

• Lush growing thickly

• Jeopardy in danger

• Violation law breaking

• Virtually righteously

• Fission division of the atom

• Extra-terrestrial not belonging to earth

• Dynamism strength

• Enhance heighten

• Frescoes paintings on walls or ceilings

• Radiation sending out rays

• Exquisite delicious, good

• Layout the make-up of a page, a book, newspaper

• Amalgamation mixture

• Chronological arranged according to dates

• Plying moving between places

• Survival lifetime

• Persistent long standing

• Ballast substance used for making foundation

• Semiconductor that which conducts electricity partially

 • Depleted empties till little or non remains

• Convoy escort, guard, group

• Spectacular attracting public attention

SYNONYMS

• Affinity sympathy, attraction

• Aggregate sum total

• Ambiguous unclear in meaning

• Amiable friendly, agreeable

• Benefactor one who provides help

• Caricature a portrait

• Chasm a deep, crack or opening

• Circumlocution an indirect expression

• Circumspect cautious

• Confluence a flowing together

• Contingent dependent

• Copious abundant

• Corroborate to confirm

• Docile easily taught

• Dormant inactive

• Expedite to speed up or ease the progress of

• Explicit clearly and directly expressed

• Foment to stir up, to instigate

• Hierarchy an organization based on rank or degree

• Homogeneous uniform; made entirely of one thing

• Hypothetical uncertain, unproven

 • Mundane ordinary

• Paradigm a model or example

• Ramification a consequence

• Static not changing or moving

ANTONYMS

• Abridge extend, increase

• Absorb leak, drain

• Adjacent distant, separate

• Alternate fix

• Ambiguous clear, certain

• Array disorder

• Authentic fake, imitation

• Danger security, safety

• Defective flawless, perfect

• Decline improvement

• Defend attack

• Fragile strong, hard

• Fragment whole

• Incessant irregular

• Muffle lessen, decrease

• Hazardous safe, secure

• Hollow solid, full

• Prevalent rare, infrequent

• Radiant dark, dim

• Random specific, special

• Rapid slow, sluggish

• Persist stop

• Mobile fixed, immobile

• Scatter gather, assemble

• Submerge surface, rise

Prefix/suffix Meaning Example

a-, an- without amoral
ante- before antecedent
anti- against anticlimax
auto- self autopilot
circum- around circumvent
co- with copilot
com-, con- with companion, contact
contra- against contradict
de- off, away from devalue
dis- not disappear
en- put into enclose
ex- out of, former extract, ex-president
extra- beyond, more extracurricular
than
hetero- different heterosexual
homo- same homonym
hyper- over, more hyperactive
il-, im-, in-, not, without illegal, immoral, inconsiderate,
ir- irresponsible
in- into insert
inter- between intersect
intra- between intravenous
macro- large macroeconomics
micro- small microscope
mono- one monocle
non- not, without nonentity
omni- all, every omniscient
 post- after postmortem
pre-, pro- before, forward precede, project
sub- under submarine
syn- same time synchronize
trans- across transmit
tri- three tricycle
un- not unfinished
uni- one unicorn

PREFIX/SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES

a-, an- not, without amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial
ab- away from abduction, abstain, abnormal
ad- to, toward adjoin, adjacent (lying near to)
ambi- both ambidextrous, ambivalent
ana- up, back, again analogy, anatomy, anagram
anti- against antipathy, antiwar, antisocial
apo- from, away from apology, apologize
auto- self autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton
bene- good benediction benevolent benefactor
cata-, cat- down, against catastrophe--a turning down
centro, centri- around, center concentric, centrifugal
circum- around circumlocution circumference, circumvent
com- with, together communal, community
con- with, together connect, confide conspire
contra- against contradict, contravene
de- down, away descend, deject (cast down)
dia-, di- through, across diameter, division
dis- apart, not disengage, discord, discomfort
dys- ill, difficult, bad dysfunctional, dysentery
e- out of, from elect (choose out of), eject (throw out)
ecto- on the outside ectoderm--outer skin
en-, em- in empathy--feeling in
endo- within, inside endoscope--instrument for observing inside
epi- upon epitaph epidermis, epicenter
eso- inward, within esoteric--more inward, esophagus
eu- well, good euthanasia--good death
ex- out of, from exhume, exhale, exodus
hetero- other, different heterosexual, heterodoxy, heterodox
heterogeneous
homo- same homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized
hyper- over hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity
hypo- under hypotension, hypodermic
il- not illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible
im- not imperfect, impolite, impossible
im- into imbibe (drink in, take in)
in- not indiscreet, invisible
in- into incorporate (take into the body)
inter- between intervene (come between), interstate
intra- within intrastate, intramural
ir- not irregular, irrational, irredeemable
macro- large macrocosm, macroeconomics
mal, male- bad, evil malediction malevolent, malnutrition
meta- beyond metaphysical
micro- small microscope, microcosm, microeconomics
mono- one, single monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy
neo- new, recent neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic
ob- against object, obstruct (build against)
palin-, pali- back, again palindrome
pan- all, every pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic
para- false paramilitary, paralegal, parachute
per- through percolate (flow through) perforate (punch
through)
peri- around perimeter, periscope
phil-, philo- like, lover of philosophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy
poly- many, several polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism
post- after postgraduate, posthumous postpone
pre- before precede, predict (tell before)
pro- for, forward promote, project
pros- toward, in front prospect—view in front, something coming up
proto- first prototype, protoplasm, protobiology
pseudo false pseudonym, pseudoscience
re- again, back repeat, recede, regress (step back)
retro- back retrogression, retroactive
se- away from seduce (lead away), secede
sub- under submarine, subject, subhuman subterranean
sur-, super- over, above superhuman, superego, superintend, surpass
syn-, sym-, syl-, sys- with, together symphony, synonym, system, syllable

Comparative Adjectives.

Fill in blanks with suitable forms of Comparative Adjectives.

1. Diesel costs ______(little ) petrol.
2. Lead is ______(heavy ) than aluminum.
3. Gold is _______(expensive ) than silver.
4. The process of extraction of oil is _____(simple) than the process
involved in prospecting oil.
5. Nylon is _____(hard)than rubber.
6. Platinum is _______(expensive) than gold.
7. In mountain regions, day travel is____(good) than night travel.
8. Liberty is ____(important) than food.
9. Petrol is ______(costly) than kerosene.
10. An aero plane can travel________(fast) than a train.

MODALS
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals.
1. I_______do this work soon.
2. ______you lend me your pen?
3. It_____rain.
4. How_____you talk in my class
5. You -------pass in the examination.
6. You------to obey your parents.
 7. -------you like to have tea?
8. I-------speak Hindi well.
9. ------- I take leave.
10. He------pass.

TENSES
Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verbs
1. The Sun _______(rise) in the east.
2. The cold breeze _______(blow) every morning.
3. Water ______(freeze) in winter.
4. They ______(listen) to rock music at present.
5. I_____(visit) lot of interesting places yesterday.
6. We ______(walk) in this street last week.
7. He_______(read) a poem now.
8. I________( see) Taj Mahal.
9. It _______rain) for two hours.
10. I shall help you, if you_____(come) to me.
11. The patient had died before the doctor______(come).
12. The children______(die)before the doctor came.

DESCRIPTION
13. A CAPACITOR

A Capacitor is a device for storing electric charge. Simple capacitors

usually consist of two plates made of an electrically conducting
material (e.g., a metal separated by a non-conducting material, or
dielectric (e.g., air, ceramic, glass, mica, oil, paper, paraffin or
plastic). If an electric potential (voltage) is applied to the
capacitor plates, the plates will become charged, one positively and
one negatively. If the externally applied voltage is then removed, the
capacitor plates remain charged, and the electric charge induces an
electric potential between the two plates. This phenomenon is called
electrostatic induction. The capacity of the devices for storing
electric charge (i.e., its capacitance) can be increased by increasing
the area of the plates, by decreasing their separation, or by varying
the substance used as an Insulator. The dielectric constant is a
measure of the increase in capacitance due to a particular insulator
used to separate the plates.
 14. A SCANNER

A desktop scanner is usually composed of a glass pane, under which

there is a bright light (often xenon or cold cathode fluorescent)
which illuminates the pane and a moving charge-coupled device. Colour
scanners typically contain three rows of charge-coupled device
elements with red, green, and blue filters. Images to scanned are
placed face down on the glass, the light turns on, and the
charge-coupled device and light source move across the pane reading
the entire area. An image is therefore visible to be the
charge-coupled device only because of the light it reflects.
Transparent images do not work in this way, and require special
accessories that illuminate them form the upper side.
Some models are equipped with an “automatic document feed” or “ADF”
feature, which allows the user to place a stack of pages into a
hopper, from which each page is automatically fed individually into
the scanner. The highly volatile charge-coupled device remains still
during automatic document feed scanning, while the page is moved
through the scanner by rollers at a constant rate. A separate exit
hopper collects the pages after they are scanned.

15. PHOTOCOPYING

Photocopying is a process, which makes paper copies of documents and other visual
images quickly and cheaply. It was introduced by Xerox in the 1960s, and over the following 20
years, it gradually replaced
copies made by carbon paper, mimeograph machines and other duplicating
machines.

First the paper on the drum is given an electro-static charge by the

corona wire. The drum is made of a semiconductor, such as selenium or
germanium. Then light is beamed in thin strips onto the image. Only
the white areas of the picture reflect this light. The light then hits
the drum, which is specially conditioned to make it photoconductive.
This means that when light hits it, it neutralizes the positive
charges.
As a result, the white areas of the picture are now neutral, and the
black areas are positive. The toner is negatively charged. When it is
exposed to the drum, it sticks to the areas that are positively
charged, just like paper sticks to a charged balloon. The toner is
then attracted onto a positively charged piece of paper. The toner is
a dry ink substance. If paper came out of the photocopier covered in
toner, it would just come off. So the toner is heated to make it melt
and to bind it to the paper.

16. A GAS STOVE

A gas stove is a cooker which uses natural gas, propane, butane,

Liquefied petroleum gas or other flammable gas as a fuel source. A gas
stove for cooking consists of an oven, a boiler and several burners
over which are plates to hold , pans and kettles in which food is to
be cooked. The oven of the stove is located above the top of the gas
stove. A gas stove so located is of advantages. It saves stooping or
bending over. The door of this oven contains a glass, making it
possible to observe the thing being baked inside without opening the
door, thereby losing heat. The broiler, used also as a toaster, is
located directly beneath the gas stove and to the right are burners
for cooking. The gas for these parts is connected to the pipe and
joined to the gas main. To get heat for cooking it is simply necessary
to turn on the stop-cocks and light the gas. The four burners are
controlled by the stop-clocks. The stove is also equipped with a
simmering burner for the slow method of cooking.

17. WASHING MACHINE

There are different types of washing machines-automatic,

semi-automatic, with drier , top loading, front loading, tumble wash
and so on. Washing is a difficult domestic chore which consumes much
of our time and energy. To make the job of washing easier, people buy
washing machines with various features and capacity. We can easily
load clothes in the washing machine, fill it up with adequate water
and washing powder, switch on the washing machine and fix the timer.
Once the washing is done the water is drained and fresh water is used
for rinsing. After rinsing the clothes, they can be dried using the
drier. The advantages are that it saves time. Even heavy items like
bed covers and blankets can be washed using a machine. it is useful
for housewives and job goers.
 Process of communication
Communication and Its Process.
Communication is the art of transmitting information, ideas and attitudes from one person to
another. Communication is the process of meaningful interaction among human beings.
• Personal process
• Occurs between people
• Involves change in behaviour
• Means to influence others
• Expression of thoughts and emotions through words& actions.
• Tools for controlling and motivating people.
• It is a social and emotional process.

Features of Communication
• Two-way Process
• Information Sharing and Understanding
• Verbal and Non-Verbal.
• Circular Flow.
• Goal Oriented.
• Continuous Process
• Pervasive Activity.
Message: Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a sign that elicits
the response of recipient. Communication process begins with deciding about the message to
be conveyed. It must be ensured that the main objective of the message is clear.
COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Sender / Encoder: Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender makes
use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the
required response. For instance - a training manager conducting training for new batch of
employees. Sender may be an individual or a group or an organization. The views,
background, approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge of the sender have a great impact
on the message.
Encoding – Encoding is the process where the information you would like to communicate
gets transferred into a form to be sent and decoded by the receiver.
Channel – Channels are the way you convey your message. These channels include verbal
such as telephone, and face-to-face conversations as well as non-verbal such as e-mail and
text messaging. Each individual channel has its strengths and weaknesses in terms of
communicating. For instance - Written medium is chosen when a message has to be
conveyed to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous
feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then and there.
Decoding – Decoding is on the receiving end of communication. This stage is just as
important as encoding. Communication can go downhill at this stage if the receiver is not
practicing active listening skills or if they do not possess enough information to accurately
decode the message
Receiver - Receiver is a person for whom the message is intended or aimed. The degree to
which the decoder understands the message is dependent upon various factors such as
knowledge of recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of encoder on
decoder.
Feedback - Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits the
sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct
interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-
verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in form of memos,
reports, etc.

Barriers to communication
Things that makes communication or good relationship between people difficult or
impossible.

Miscommunication or Barriers to communication

Problem which effect the transmission from the sender to the receiver in the communication
process.
How does miscommunication or barriers arise?
1) Problem in developing the message.
2) Difficulty in expressing ideas.
3) Problems in transmitting the message.
4) Problems in receiving the message.
5) Problems in interpreting the message.

Types of Barriers of communication

Semantic Barriers
If the receiver is not able to comprehend the message that the sender intends to convey, it
results into language barrier in the process of communication .
Cause:
Use of unsuitable words
Improper sentence formation.
Organizational Barriers
Every organization has its own structure and communication techniques.
Cause:
Processing of information from several people.
Organizational rules.

Interpersonal Barriers

The barriers occurs due to individual as wall as cultural differences

Cause:
Attitude of superiors.
Emotional feelings.

Psychological Barrier
When a person is not able to communicate effectively because of mental disturbances.
Cause:
Background
Fixed ideas .

Physical Barriers

The distracting element found in the surrounding environment that does not allow proper
communication.
Cause:
Noise .
Poor lighting.

METHOD TO OVERCOME THESE BARRIERS

PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Make suitable seating arrangement.
• Ensure audibility and visibility
.• Minimize visual and aural distractions.
• provide environmental comforts
.• Proper posture and proper body.

PSYCHOLGICAL BARRIERS

• Plan and clarify ideas and opinions

• Collate ideas, or suggestions of others.
• support decision making.
• Call attention and motivate the listener
• Use feedback process.
• Develop trust and confidence
• Explain the importance of the message.
SEMANTIC BARRIERS

• Use simple and precise language.

• Use suitable language.
• Employ different method of communication.
• Avoid ambiguous and abstract words.

ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS

• Make it a two way process.

• Establish feedback system
• Avoid unnecessary information.
• Purposeful communication.

INTER PERSONAL BARRIERS

• Explain the importance of message.
• Prefer positive attitude.
• Clarity in emotional expressions.
• Time your message carefully that is : what where when, how why to say

UNIT II

Subject Verb Agreement.

Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
1. Uma and friends (is, are) at college.
2. Either our Principal or our English teacher (is, are) coming to the
play ground.
3. The Prime Minister, together with his wife (greet, greets) the
delegate cordially.
4. Either my books or your bag (is, are) on the table.
5. Babu and Ravi (doesn’t, don’t) want to go to temple.
6. One of my friends (is, are) writing an examination.
7. The man with all his brothers (live, lives) in the same house.
8. Nobody (know, knows) the way to the Railway Station.
9. (is, are ) the news at 8 or 8.30 pm?
10. There (was, were) ten books in the box.

Gerund and Infinitive.

Put the bracketed verbs into the appropriate gerund form.
1. Stop____(kick) the ball into the river.
2. The rain kept_____(fall) last night.
3. I must go home_______(pick) up the prescription.
4. She enjoys______(run) to school.
5. No_____(write) on the desks, please.
6. I am very excited about_______(go) to Singapore next week.
7. They started_______(drive) the car.
8. He continues___(serve) in the institution.
9. He has stopped_____(go) to movies.
10. He dislikes______(take) bath in ponds.

Rewrite the Infinitives as Gerunds

1. To train young graduates is easy.
2. To visit china will open new avenues of business.
3. To make mistakes is human.
4. It is tiresome to stand in long queues.
5. To climb Mount Everest seemed an impossible task.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST CAMERA AND VIDEO CAMERA

These days a camera means either a mobile phone camera or a digital
camera. Everyone has a mobile with camera. These cameras are widely
used both for taking pictures and video recording. Almost nobody
bothers to carry a camera while having a good mobile camera. In this
scenario, the question obviously arises whether a camera is preferable
or a video camera. Its true that cameras take wonderful pictures but
still video cameras are preferable because of various reasons.
Though some cameras take wonderful pictures and videos very few can
match the higher quality picture/video recorded by even mid-level
video cameras. They will capture video at a higher bit rate than a
digital still camera. A video camera lens offers more robust zoom,
giving greater magnification. While there are a number of long zoom
still cameras, they still can’t match the lenses available on many of
the video cameras. A video camera has lot of control options including
adjusting the field of view, shutter speed and white balance. On the
other hand, a camera does not have so many options. Video cameras are
designed to be held aloft and steady for longer periods of time,
whereas still cameras are not. Video camera LCD displays can be
rotated to give a multitude of angles. But, almost all still cameras
have fixed displays. A camera takes beautiful pictures but not so good
videos. On the other hand, a video camera does both- beautiful
pictures and wonderful videos. So evidently video cameras are more
preferable than still cameras.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST NEWSPAPER AND TELEVISION AS

COMMUNICATION MEDIA
Newspaper and Television are two branches of the same communication
media tree. In theory, these two forms of news presentation seem to be
similar. But, in practical terms, they vary on many grounds. While
television news can cover a breaking event at a moment’s notice,
newspapers are limited to the news that happened before the paper went
to print. The difference in news coverage between television and
newspapers is vast. Breaking news and updated information on weather
and traffic is readily available via television news. Though everybody
says that the television media is taking over the print media, it is
not so. Many of us feel that news paper is better than television
since the newspaper tends to give hard news for the overwhelming
percentage of its presentation. One can read at his own pace and his
own time schedule where as television is time bound. There is a
possibility of misunderstanding the information if one cannot follow
the newscast, whereas in newspaper this does not happen. Thus though
both mediums have advantages and disadvantages, it is up to the
individual to decide which is better for him.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST CITY LIFE WITH VILLAGE LIFE

India is a land of agriculture. The prosperity of India depends more
on the development of her villages. More than seventy percent of the
people are engaged in farming and villages are the backbone of our
country. The benefits of living in a village are numerous. We have
natural environment, system setting, proper understanding of the
people and trees grains and vegetables. The cost of food grains and
vegetables are comparatively low. As we have free air in villages it
is helpful to us to maintain good health. Good relationship exists
only in villages as there is proper understanding among the people. On
the other hand, life in the village has its drawbacks. Lack of
adequate medical facilities, modern technological devices standard
education, their consumable and employment opportunities pose great
threats to the villages. Hence most of them think of migrating to the
nearby cities where, it is expected that they can improve their
standard of life. People in large number prefer city life because
better employment opportunities, modern transport and communication,
better education and such other opportunities are easily available. We
can get the information happening around the world, sitting within the
four walls through TV or internet. Best shopping liabilities, medical
facilities and child and women care opportunities are available. To
put it in brief life in a city is very fruitful for one’s career
development. Life in city has its own drawback too. In almost all
cities air, water and the entire atmosphere are highly polluted
because of congestion arising out of over population. There is no good
report among the people in towns. They are not helpful. If the living
condition of the people is improved through rural and urban
development programmes people can be happy from where they are.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST OPTICAL MOUSE AND MECHANICAL MOUSE

Optical mice supporters claim optical mouse works better than
mechanical mice. Optical mice do not normally require any maintenance
other than removing debris that might collect under the light emitter,
although cleaning a dirty mechanical mouse is easy too. Mechanical
mice supporters point out that optical mice generally cannot track on
glossy and transparent surfaces, including many commercial mouse pads,
causing them to periodically “spin” uncontrollably during operation.
Power conservation is typically not an issue for cabled mice, and
typical cabled optical mouse draws 100 mA at 5 V, versus the 25 mA (or
less) at 5V of many opt-mechanical cabled mice. A wireless mechanical
mouse may draw an electrical current of 5 mA or les, whereas a
wireless optical mouse typically draws 25 or more mA to power an LED
or laser diode. Wireless products require periodic battery changes or
re-charges which render wireless mice unsuitable for critical or
continuous work. As optical mice render movement based on an image the
LED reflects, performance on multi-coloured mouse pads may be
unreliable. However, they will outperform mechanical mice on uneven,
slick, squishy, sticky, or loose surfaces, and generally in mobile
situations where mouse pads are not available.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST HUMAN BRAIN AND COMPUTER
Among the living species on land and in water man occupies the
foremost position. When all the other living creatures have less than
five senses, man alone shines brighter with this sixth sense, the
power of discretion. Man’s brain is connected to different organs of
the body with nervous system. Each and every reaction of the organ of
the body is controlled by brain which is the origin of natural
intelligence. Human brain is an inexhaustible source of inspiration,
whereas the computer is an exhaustible source of information. The CPU
of computer is linked to the entire system with artificial
intelligence automatically and responds to the nervous system.
The computer functions mechanically, that is, what we have stored we
can get back. Brain has no limit for storing information whereas the
storing capacity of a computer depends upon memory bytes. Human brain
is ever active whereas the computer works only when there is power
supply. The computer needs someone to operate it. It has got its own
limitations.

NOTE-MAKING

Read the following passages carefully and make notes.

1.There are three main kinds of fires. The first type occurs on ordinary
materials like paper or wood. To put such a fire the heat must be
removed. For this reason we spray water on burning paper or wood. The
water absorbs heat from the burning materials and lowers their
temperature. When the temperature drops down, the fuels stop burning..
The second type of fire involves inflammable liquids like petrol and
kerosene. We use carbon dioxide to put out such fires. Foams which
contain carbon dioxide are sprayed over burning liquids. The foams
blanket the fire and the oxygen supply is cut off. So the liquids are
unable to burn. The third type of fire occurs on live electrical
equipment.. Foams of Carbon dioxide can be used to put out the fire
as the foams are not a conductor of electricity.
2.Explosives can be divided into two types, low explosives and high
explosives. Gunpowder is an example for low explosives. It can be set
off by heat or electric spark. Low explosives are tightly packed in a
container. When they are set off the gas pressure builds up rapidly.
As a result the explosion becomes forceful. Low explosives are used to
propel shells and bullets out of guns. They are also used in rockets.
Dynamite is an example for high explosives. The high explosives are
not set off by heat. A detonator causes a small explosion. This causes
a sudden rise in pressure. As a result the explosives blow up. High
explosives need no container and they can be moulded into any shape.
Plastic explosives belong to this category. They are used by
terrorists because they are easy to hide and difficult to detect. Some
plastic explosives do not give off smell and cannot be found by
sniffer dogs.

3.Diamonds are crystals of pure carbon. They were formed when great heat
and pressure of earth acted on carbon. Diamonds are noted for their
brilliance and hardness. The most valuable diamonds are either
colorless or blue-white. Natural diamonds look like small pebbles of
cloudy glass. When they are cut and polished properly diamonds take on
their brilliant sparkle. Diamonds are used to make expensive jewels
because of their brilliance. Diamonds are the hardest of all natural
substances. So they are put to different used. They are useful as
glass cutters and dentists’ drills. Diamond saws are used for cutting
rocks. They are used to sharpen tools and to grind glasses. Mining
companies use diamonds to drill through rocks. Diamond drawing dies
are used to make fine wires like those needed for electric lamp
filaments.

4.Fibers are long thin threads. They can be natural or artificial.

Animal fibers and plant fibers are natural fibers. Wool is the best
known animal fiber. We get wool from sheep or goats,. This wool is
used to make blankets, clothes and coverings. Silk is another
important animal fiber. It is produced by the silkworm. This silk is
beautiful, lustrous, strong and long-lasting. It is used to make
smooth fabrics. Silk is so strong that it is also used to make the
nose cone of the supersonic aircraft-Concorde. Cotton is an example of
plant fiber. It comes from the seed pods of the cotton plant. Cotton
is used widely for making fabrics. Jute and hemp are some other plant
fibers. They are coarse and hence used to make sacks, carpets, strings
and ropes. Synthetic fibers are made using coal, oil, air and water.
They are man-made. Nylon, Rayon and Dacron are synthetic fibers. They
are used to make clothes, parachutes and nets.

5.Bacteria and viruses are the common germs which cause diseases.
Bacteria are very small living thins. They can be seen only under a
microscope. . They live almost everywhere on earth. They are seen in
fresh water, in salt water, in soil, on our skins and even on fallen
leaves and dead trees. They cause some of the deadliest diseases like
tuberculosis, pneumonia, cholera and typhoid. Viruses are much smaller
than bacteria. They can be seen only with an electron microscope. They
can grow and multiply only when they are inside living cells. Viruses
that attack man and animals are called animal viruses.
Those which attack plants are called plant viruses. Viruses which
attack are called bacterial viruses, Some viruses attack the skin and
cause diseases such as chicken pox, small pox and measles. Some others
attack the nerves and cause diseases such as rabies and brain fever. A
third type attacks internal organs. Yellow fever, influenza and common
cold are caused by them.

UNIT-III

TYPES OF SENTENCES

Read the following sentences and say what kind it is.

1. She is a dancer.

2. This house is to let.

3. Lend me your pen please.

4. Don’t spit here.

5. Switch off the fan.

6. When will you come from Chennai?

7. Where is your residence?

8. What a great shot it is!

9. Alas! He is dead.

10. How beautiful the flower looks

Conditionals

Fill in the result clauses suitably using the conditionals.

1. If you use clean drinking water____________________________.

2. If you want to get an employment__________________________
3. If they worked sincerely___________________________________.
4. If I were a scientist_______________________________________.
5. If everyone follows the traffic rules strictly______________________.

6. If she sang the song in the competition_________________________.

7. If the driver had driven carefully,_____________________________.

8. If he had prepared well for the examination_____________________.

9. If I had gone earlier to the bus stand____________________________.

10. If I had not fallen sick_______________________________.

Cause and Effect Expression.

Combine the following sentences using cause and effect relationship.

• The carburetor may become choked with dirt. An air filter is fitted.

• Vertical boilers were installed in the factory. Only a limited

floor space was available.

• Gas turbines are not self starting. A starting motor must be fitted
to drive the compression.

• The neutron is an uncharged particle. No repulsive forces are

exerted by the nucleus.

• The apprentices had very little training. Their work was very poor.
6. The godown had very little space. They couldn’t keep the things in order.
7. All data was lost. The power supply was interrupted.
8. The cost of labour is high. A mechanical stoker was installed.
9. The steam is wet. It must be superheated.
10. The steam has velocity. The blades are caused to rotate.

TYPES OF LISTENING:

Listening is a process of receiving, interpreting and reacting to a

message received from the speaker. It requires conscious effort to
interpret the sounds, grasp the meanings of the words, and react to
the message. The interpretation of sound signals is a cognitive act,
which completely depends on the knowledge of the listener and also on
his attitude towards the sender and the message. An untoward attitude
towards the center might affect the listening process to a great
extent.

The different kinds of listening are:

1.Appreciative Listening:

This is listening for deriving aesthetic pleasure, as we do when we

listen to a comedian, musician or entertainer.

2. Empathetic Listening:

When we listen to a distressed friend who wants to vent his feelings,

we provide emotional and moral support in the form of empathetic
listening. When psychiatrists listen to their patients, their
listening is classified as empathetic listening.

3.Comprehensive Listening:

This type of listening is needed in the class room when students have
to listen to the lecture to comprehend the message.

4. Critical Listening:

When the purpose is to accept or reject the message or to evaluate it

critically, one requires this type of listening. For example,
listening to a sales person before making a purchase or listening to a
politician making their election campaign speech involves critical
listening.

5. Active Listening:

In this process we listen intensively. The responses from the listener

help the speaker to proceed enthusiastically. It facilitates proper
interaction and produces new understanding. It promotes more effective
listener-speaker relationships

6. Selective Listening

Listening is done partially or selectively. During this process, the

concentration goes in and goes out. The listener selects the desired
part and ignores the undesired part.

7. Passive Listening

In this process, message is only heard and processing is not involved

. The listener is physically present but mentally absent. Listening is
not complete in this activity. As the listener does not grasp the
message, he cannot recall it later.

8. Superficial Listening

This happens when the listener listens to areas of his unfamiliarity.

He may also feel that nothing will be useful out of listening to
that,. The listener closes his retentive doors because he is not able
to concentrate on the concept.

9. Evaluating Listening:

Due to the evaluation of the message, the listener is able to develop

a line of thought. Interpretation and analysis take place and as a
result the message is fully digested. The listener at a later stage
may tell the information to the others because of his deep interest.

10. Content Listening:

Content listening is under-standing and retaining the speaker’s

information. The listener goes for only the key points. This listening
occurs when there is introduction of new products, plans,
organizational procedures business expansions etc.

IMPLICATIONS OF EFFECTIVE LISTENING:

Listening patiently to employees enables the managers to feel the
pulse of the organization. The payoff: they can anticipate the
employees’ moods and reactions to the policies of the management. They
will also be able to track rumors that are liable to cause damage to
the reputation of the organization. Effective listening and follow up
can quell these rumors and can control them from spreading further.
Lack of proper listening can lead to embarrassing situations because
of a gap in co-ordination and understanding. Managers with closed
minds do not like to discuss problems and their solutions with sub
ordinates. This type of dogmatic approach eventually ruins
communication environment, provoking bitterness and misunderstanding
among employees. Demoralization sets in leading to low productivity.
Effective Listening is very vital for the success of an open-door
policy. When employees are encouraged to freely walk into a managers’
room and encouraged to speak up. They no longer harbor negative
feelings.
Effective listening will thus improve working
conditions and nurture harmony and cohesion in the organization if
both management and employees listen to each others’ messages
patiently. The morale of the organization as a whole ideas thereby
boosted, resulting in increased productivity.

DO’S:
• Be mentally prepared to listen

• Evaluate the speech not the speaker

• Be open - minded.

• Ask questions to clarify and corroborate thoughts.

• Be unbiased to the speaker by depersonalizing your feelings.

DON’TS:
• Prepare your responses while your speaker is speaking.
• Avoid preconceptions and prejudices.

• Get distracted by outside influences.

• Concentrate too hard.

• Interrupt too often.

VISUAL AIDS:

Spoken words are ephemeral: as soon as they come out of our mouth they evaporate into
air. Because of this limitation, speeches often need strong visual support- handouts,
chalkboards, flip charts, overheads, slides, computers, charts, tables, film etc. If a picture
is simple, clear and appropriate to its purpose and audience it will deliver its message
more accurately and quickly than a verbal explanation. Ours is a visually oriented society
and an audience likes to hear as well as see information.

The Importance of Visual aids:

• Increase audience

• Illustrate key points

• Signal transition from one part of the presentation to the next.

• Increase impact of message.

• Help listeners retain information.

• Help you present ideas without depending on notes.

• For those not familiar with your language or accent, turn the incomprehensible into
something understandable.

VISUAL AIDS Used In Presentations:

Types Tips:
 Use larger fonts. Avoid decorative
fonts. Separate the transparencies using
Overhead Transparencies: sheets of paper.

Keep transparencies uncluttered.

Show only the required information.

Don’t add multiple colors or exciting

backdrops to your slides.

Use pointer on the screen, or your

pencil or pen on the transparency to
draw audience’s attention to a specific
item.

Familiarize yourself with the operation

of the overhead projector.

Be ready with your notes in case of

power failures.

Check the computer system before

loading.

Familiarize yourself with the operation

of the slides.

Transfer your file to the hard disk.

Be familiar with the operation of slide

show.

Rehearse your presentation.

Keep a printed copy of the slides for

2. Power point presentations:
use in case of computer malfunction.

Clean the board well before starting

and check the condition of the marker.

Write in large sheets.

Stand to the side as you write

Don’t face the board while talking to

 the audience.

Divide the board into columns and

write legibly.

Keep contents which you may want to

refer to again.

Use different colored markers.

Keep two pads of paper.

Write in large letters.

Use only one side of the chart.

3. Blackboard or white board: Wait for the audience to grasp the
contents before turning pages.

Flip charts:
GUIDELINES TO MAKE EFFECTIVE USE OF VISUAL AIDS:

• Organize the visual aids as a part of the presentation.

• Fit them into the plan.

• Emphasize the visual aids. Point to them with bodily actions and with words.

• Talk to the audience, not to the visual aids.

• Avoid blocking g the listeners’ view of the visual aids.

• Don’t talk about the visual aids after you have put it aside.

• Don’t use too many lines or figures on one aid.

• Be familiar with the basic operations of the electronic devices which you would use for
your presentations.

Tips:
Use larger fonts. Avoid decorative fonts. Separate the transparencies
using sheets of paper.
Keep transparencies uncluttered.
Show only the required information.
Don’t add multiple colors or exciting backdrops to your slides.
Use pointer on the screen, or your pencil or pen on the transparency
to draw audience’s attention to a specific item.
Familiarize yourself with the operation of the overhead projector.
Be ready with your notes in case of power failures.
Check the computer system before loading.
Familiarize yourself with the operation of the slides.
Transfer your file to the hard disk.
Be familiar with the operation of slide show.
Rehearse your presentation.
Keep a printed copy of the slides for use in case of computer malfunction.
Clean the board well before starting and check the condition of the marker.
Write in large sheets.
Stand to the side as you write
Don’t face the board while talking to the audience.
Divide the board into columns and write legibly.
Keep contents which you may want to refer to again.
Use different colored markers.
Keep two pads of paper.
Write in large letters.
Use only one side of the chart.
Wait for the audience to grasp the contents before turning pages.

GUIDELINES TO MAKE EFFECTIVE USE OF VISUAL AIDS:

1. Organize the visual aids as a part of the presentation.
2. Fit them into the plan.
3. Emphasize the visual aids. Point to them with bodily actions
and with words.
4. Talk to the audience, not to the visual aids.
5. Avoid blocking g the listeners’ view of the visual aids.
6. Don’t talk about the visual aids after you have put it aside.
7. Don’t use too many lines or figures on one aid.
8. Be familiar with the basic operations of the electronic
devices which you would use for your presentations.

UNIT IV

DEFINITIONS

1. Abacus—an abacus is an ancient device that is used for arithmetic

calculations.
2. Ammeter—an ammeter is a device to measure the current flowing in a circuit.
3. Amplifier—an amplifier is a device, which increases the level of an
electrical signal.
4. Antenna—an antenna is a device used for transmitting, sending and
receiving radio signals.
5. Capacitor—A capacitor is a device that saves electrical charges and
can be used to maintain voltage levels in power lines and improve
electrical system efficiently.
6. Electrical Fuse—An electrical fuse is an electrical device that can
interrupt the flow of electrical current when it is overloaded.
7. Printer—A printer is an output device that prints the results of
data processing.
8. Reactor—A reactor is a device to force a controlled reaction with a
given substance.
9. Rectifier—A rectifier is a device that converts AC power to DC power.
10. Rheostat—Rheostat is a device that uses resistance to regulate
electrical current.
11. Sensor –A sensor is a device, such as a photo-electric cell, that
receives and responds to a signal.
12. Telephone –A telephone is a device that converts a speech into an
analog signal suitable of transmission over a phone line.
13. Transducer-A transducer is a device that converts one type of
energy to another, or responds to a physical parameter.
14. Hydrometer—A hygrometer is an instrument used for measuring
relative humidity in the atmosphere.
15. Manometer- A manometer is an instrument for measuring the pressure
of gases and vapours.
16. Wattmeter –A wattmeter is a device for measuring power consumption.
17. Inductor-An inductor is an electric device that introduces
inductance into a circuit.
18. Barometer- a barometer is an instrument used to measure
atmospheric pressure.
19. Galvanometer- A galvanometer is an instrument that measures small
electrical currents by means of deflection magnetic coils.
20. Accelerator—an accelerator is a machine used to accelerate
particles to high speeds.
21. Aircraft –an aircraft is a machine capable of atmospheric flight.

22. Super computer- A super computer is an extremely fast computer

that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
23. Generator- A generator is a machine that produces electricity.
24. Lathe-a lathe is a machine tool for shaping metal or wood.
25. Cathode-A cathode is the electrode in a cell where reduction occurs.

INSTRUCTIONS
Write a set of eight instructions that must be followed when operating
a computer.
 (Imperative Form direct instructions.)
1. First switch on the computer.
2. Next enter the user name and the password.
3. Then select the operating system option.
4. Click the start button.
5. Click the program me.
6. Select the required program me.
7. After finishing the work close all the files.
8. Finally switch off the system.

(Should Form indirect instructions)

1. The computer should be first switched on.
2. The user name and the password should be entered next.
3. The operating system option should be selected next.
4. The start button should be clicked.
5. The program should be clicked then.
6. When the program me is clicked the required program me should be selected.
7. After finishing the work all the files should be closed.
8. The system should be switched off finally.

2. Write eight instructions that are followed by the citizens of India

in order to preserve the environment.

(Imperative Form direct instructions)

1. Try to make all the areas litter free zones.
2. Divert the waste water to the trees and gardens.
3. Grow grass to beautify the places.
4. Encourage rain water harvesting.
5. Minimize using products made of plastic.
6. Don’t allow the cattle to roam about the streets.
7. Conduct awareness program me for preserving the environment.
8. Deepen the rivers to restart their flow to inland during the rainy seasons.

3. Write a set of eight instructions that are to be followed by

students in college library.

(Imperative Form direct instructions)

1. Apply for library tokens for borrowing books.
2. Keep the books safe.
3. Read the newspapers in the newspaper section.
4. Refer to the reference books in the reference section.
5. For the latest technological information refer to the journals.
6. Take photocopies of the university question papers to prepare for
the examination.
7. Contact the librarian for any help.
8. Maintain absolute silence in the library.

4. Write eight instructions that must be followed in order to maintain

safety in temporary structures such as shamianas and pandals.

(Imperative Form)
1. Keep the fire extinguishers ready.
2. Don’t burn anything inside the shamiana or pandal.
3. Check whether the structure is strong.
4. Don’t keep any highly inflammable items inside.
5. Check whether the electrical wires do not touch the structure.
6. Don’t allow anyone to smoke inside.
7. Nominate one or two persons exclusively for checking the safety arrangements.
8. Don’t put any enclosures.

5. Write a list of eight instructions for maintaining houses in good condition.

(Imperative Form)
1. Arrange a garden with flower plants and fruit trees.
2. Make proper rainwater harvesting structures.
3. Whitewash the house periodically.
4. Maintain the electrical systems and the motors properly.
5. Don’t strike nails on the walls.
6. Chlorinate the well water periodically.
7. Fix warning alarms to check encroachers.
8. Clean the floors regularly with anti infectant liquids.

6. Write eight instructions to be given to students while joining two

metal plates together.

(Imperative Form)

1. First clean the ends of the metal articles thoroughly.

2. Leave no dirt on them,
3. Then heat the ends to a white heat.
4. For doing this, use an oxy-acetylene torch.
5. Then apply a flux to the weld.
6. After that, press the surfaces together.
7. Tale care to squeeze out the whole of the flux.
8. Then smooth off the joint.

7. Write a set of eight instructions to be followed while using a

pipette in the chemistry laboratory.

(Imperative Form)
1. First wash the pipette well before use.
2. Then rinse the pipette twice before filling it up with the solution
to be measured.
3. Always use the fore finger and not the thumb for closing its upper end.
4. Don’t suck the solution too fast as it may go into the mouth.
5. Do not suck solutions of poisonous substances with mouth. Instead
use a pipette filter or burette.
6. Don’t blow off the last drop remaining in the pipette.
7. Don’t hold the pipette from the bulb as the body temperature may
extend the gas and introduce a volume error.
8. Always keep the pipette vertical.

8. Write a set of eight instructions to be followed by a student

while writing an examination.

(Imperative Form)
1. Occupy the seat before fifteen minutes.
2. Check whether the hall ticket and the identity card are taken with you.
3. Write the register number and other particulars.
4. Start answering the familiar questions.
5. Adjust the time for answering all the questions.
6. Underline the important points using a pencil.
7. Draw the diagrams neatly
8. Don’t write anything on the question paper.

9. Write a list of eight instructions to write a computer programme.

(Imperative Form)
1. First analyze the problem.
2. Then analyze the requirement of the program.
3. Design the needed concept.
4. Develop the flow chart.
5. Write a coding to get input for getting the corresponding data.
6. Process the problems like arithmetic operations and other things.
7. After calculation produce output.
8. Finally display the output device.

10. Write a list of eight instructions to avoid accidents.

(Imperative Form)
1. Lubricate the vehicle engine frequently to avoid friction.
2. Adapt yourself to the existing condition of the roads.
3. Never practice drunk and drive.
4. Don’t use mobile while driving.
5. Adhere to the traffic rules strictly.
6. Never involve in rash driving.
7. Create awareness among the public about the traffic rules.
8. Don’t show off your driving skills or out of sheer enthusiasm.

UNIT V
‘ W H ‘Questions
Frame Wh questions for the following statements..
1. They sent the letter.
2. He is working in HCL.
3. Hari and his mother like chess.
4. I shall finish the work tomorrow.
5. She likes visiting historical places.
6. I have written three novels.
7. My son studies well.
8. They have completed the course.
9. He will stay there for a week.
10. She prepared food.

LETTER WRITING

Letter of application

Write an application to Kothari Dalal Consultant Limited, 63, Mahatma

Gandhi Salai, Nungambakam, Chennai-34 for the post of Mechanical
Engineer.

From
XXX,
YYY,
ZZZ.

To
The Manager,
Kothari Dalal Consultant Limited,
63, Mahatma Gandhi Salai ,
Nungambakam,
Chennai.

Sir,

Sub: Job Application—Mechanical Engineer

I wish to apply for the job of Mechanical Engineer as advertised in

‘The Hindu’ dated……….

I am a post graduate degree holder in Mechanical Engineering and

possess five years of working experience as Factory Manager in Cethar
Vessels (P) Ltd.,

In this regard, my brief resume along with other testimonials is

enclosed for your perusal. I am sure I can contribute to your firm and
will try for some innovative and result oriented projects. The
planning, designing, and decision-making on my part would be for the
prospective development of the company. Please do consider my
application and send me a favourable reply.

Yours faithfully,
XXX.

Resume Of
R. Sathya,
224, Ambathur,
Chennaii-85.
Personal; Details

Date of birth :
Age
Marital Status :
Sex :
Nationality :

Educational Qualification

2012 : B.E Mechanical – 72%

2013 : M.E Mechanical _83%

Work Experience

2013—onwards : Working as Factory Manager in Cethat Vessels (P)

Ltd., Trichy.

Activity 1
HCL requires software engineers (B.E/M.E only), with expertise in C,
C++, and VC++, for their overseas projects at its Chennai office.
Apply with your bio-data to HR Manager, HCL Ltd., Tharamani,
Chennaio-101. Knowledge of foreign language is an added advantage to
the candidate.
Activity 2.
Dalal Mott MacDonald, a part of MM Group of UK requires in-line
experienced personnel in the disciplines of
Chemical/Mechanical/Civil/Instrumentation/Electrical Engineering for
executing major products in Chennai city. Candidates must have 5-8
years of experience in the relevant branch and also completed
projects. Apply within 10 days to the HRD in charge 21, Abdul Razak
Road, Saidapet, Chennai-600 015.
Activity 3
Write an application to Senior Manager- Personnel, Videocon
International Ltd., 17th Floor, Mittal Court, C-Wing, Nariman Point,
and Mumbai-400 021 for the Assistant Manager.
Activity 4
Write a letter of application for the post of Junior Engineer with a
resume to the HRD Manager, Doshi Constructions Pvt Ltd., 14, Greams
Road, Chennai- 600 002.
Activity 5
Read the advertisement published in ‘The New Indian Express’ dated and
write a letter of application. Prepare the resume that needs to be
enclosed with the letter of application.
. Hundai a fifty Crore plus company, the leader in the
automobile industry requires the following personnel.
Deputy Manager, Desigh and Development.
Requirements: B,E/B.Tech graduates with 10 to 12 years of
experience in an industry.
Apply to : Human Resource Department
‘HUNDAI’ Auto Limited
14, West Bank Street,
M.M.Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist.

Letter to the Editor

Write a letter to Editor of a Newspaper highlighting any four problems
faced by commuter in city bused. Suggest suitable solutions for each
one of the problems highlighted.

From
XXX,
YYY,
ZZZ.

To
The Indian Express,
Chennai.

Sir,
I request you to publish in your Daily the problems experienced by the
Commuters in the city buses.
The buses plying from KK.Nagar to Paris is always over crowded.
Passengers find it extremely difficult either to get into the buses or
get down. School children suffer a lot due to this problem. Hence it
is essential for operating more buses to solve this problem.Some of
the buses are not stopping at the regular bus stops. The passengers
are found running here and there to catch the buses. The careless
drivers and conductors are to be treated seriously and suitable
punishments given.
More ambitious of the collection incentive, the transport employees
allow more luggage causing severe inconvenience to the passengers. The
transport authorities should look into this matter immediately.
Another problem experienced by the commuters of our locality is that
most of the buses plying on our route are very bad in condition. The
travel becomes unpleasant causing utmost discomfort to ladies and
children. Hence immediate action is expected of the authorities to
introduce new and better buses on this route.
Yours faithfully,
XXX

Activity 1
Write a letter to the Editor of a Newspaper stating the problems of a
locality in extracting water through hand pumps and offering solutions
for the same.
Activity 2
Write a letter to the Editor of the ‘The Hindu’ Chennai-2 highlighting
the water pollution by industries in and around your locality.
Activity 3
Write a letter to the Editor of a Daily complaining the insanitary
conditions of your locality.
Activity 4
Write a letter to the Editor of a Daily about the bad conditions of the road.
Activity 5
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper explaining the need for
providing bright lamps in your street where there is no adequate
lighting for most part of the street.

Letter of Acceptance
Imagine yourself as the Vice Chancellor of Anna University, Chennai
expressing your consent to be the chief guest for the convocation day
of Kurinchi college of Engineering and Technology, Manapparai.

Date----
Dr. V.Ramesh,
Vice Chancellor,
Anna University,
Trichy.

Dear Mr. R. Suresh,

I received your letter dated--------and noted the content. I am
extremely happy that I have been invited to deliver the convocation
address held on --------. Being the Vice-Chancellor of a Technical
University I consider it my privilege to attend your convocation
program me.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely.
Vice Chancellor.

To
Mr. R. Suresh ,
Kurinchi College of Engineering and Technology,
Manapparai.
621 307.
Activity 1
As Mr. Radhakrishnan , Inspector General, North Zone, Chennai, write
a letter to the sports Secretary of ARM College of Engineering and
Technology to be the Chief Guest for the Sports Day celebration.

Activity 2
Imagine yourself as Prof.K.Sheshadri Dean Tanca University expressing
your willingness to Mrs.N.S. Vijayalakshmi. Prof. Dept of English to
inaugurate the Debate Club of J.J.College of Engineering, Trichy.
Activity 3
Assume yourself as the Vice Chancellor of Anna University, Tirunelveli
and express your acceptance to inaugurate the Science Exhibition held
at Sivandhi Aditanar College of Engineering and Technology,
Tiruchendur.
Activity 4
Assume yourself as the Vice Chancellor of a University, Chennai,
expressing your consent to inaugurate the technical symposium
organized by the Dept of Computer Science, Govt. College of
Engineering, Salem.
Activity 5
Write a letter to Mr. R. Williams the Coordinator of the two-day
workshop organized by the Dept, of Mechanical Engineering, Arasu
Engineering College, Kumbakonam expressing your consent to be the
Chief Guest and to deliver the key note address. Assume yourself as
Prof. R.Karunanidhi, Principal, RVS Engineering College, Karaikal.

DECLINING LETTER
Assume yourself as Dr. V. Ramachandran , Vice Chancellor, Trichy and
decline the request to be the Chief Guest on the occasion of the
convocation day at Kurinchi College of Engineering & Technology,
Manapparai.
Date-______
Prof. V. Ramachandran
Vice Chancellor
Trichy.

Dear Sir,
I received your letter and felt happy that I have been invited to
deliver the convocation address at your institution. I had once come
to your institution when I was the Head of the Department and I still
remember the warm reception given to me.
On seeing your letter, I immediately decided to accept your
invitation. But unfortunately I am held up on that date because of the
Senate Meeting at the university campus. If it is convenient for you
please have it next week or I may be invited for the next convocation.
Inconvenience regretted.
Yours sincerely,
Vice- Chancellor.
To
The Principal,
Kurinchi College of Engineering & Technology,
Manapparai,
621 307.
Activity 1
Assume yourself as Dr.P.Mannar, Jawahar, the Vice Chancellor of
Chennai and write a declining letter for the request made to you to
inaugurate the Technical Symposium organized by the Dept, of Computer
Science and Engineering, Sri Nandhanam College of Engineering and
Technology, Tirupattur.
Activity 2
Write a declining letter assuming yourself as Dr.S.Kaliappan
Vice-Chancellor Tirunelveli the you are not in a position to go over
to inaugurate the Science Exhibition held at Sivanthi Adhithanar
Engineering College, Tuticorin.
Activity 3
Write a declining letter assuming yourself as Mr. K.Radhakrishnan,
Inspector General, North Zone, Chennai expressing your difficulty to
attend the Sports Day Function at ARM College of Engineering and
Technology, Maraimalai Nagar.
Activity 4
Assume yourself as Prof.K. Chandran, Dean, School of Humanities and
Sciences, Chennai, and write a declining letter stating that you are
not able to go over to Sri Nandhanam College of Engineering and
Technology, Tirrupattur to inaugurate the ‘Debate Club’.
Activity 5
Write a declining letter assuming yourself as Dr. Kumaran, Principal,
SS Engineering College, Karaikal that due to unavoidable work you are
not able to participate in the inauguration of the two day workshop at
Arasu Engineering College, Theni.

PERMISSION LETTER
Write a letter to your Principal requesting him to permit you to go on
an industrial visit.
Date______
From
S. Rakesh,
Dept, of Computer Science and Engineering,
Third Year
Kurinchi College of Engineering and Technology.
To
The Principal
Kurinchi College of Engineering and Technology.
Sir,
Sub: Requesting permission for an industrial visit-regarding.
This is to inform you that the third year students of
Mechanical Engineering wish to go on an industrial visit to Ashok
Leyland, Hosur on______

Hence we request you to permit us to enable us to know how lorry

parts are manufactured.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
XXX
Activity 1
Write a letter to TVS Motor Ltd, Hosur seeking permission for 30
students of your class to visit the factory.
Activity 2
Write a permission letter to your Principal requesting him to arrange
for keeping the internet lab open till 10 p.m.
Activity 3
Write a letter to your HOD requesting him to permit you to take up a
particular project.