hydraulics and geotechnical engineering

2003-2012
zherrinore..

1) -the father of modern soil mechanics 5) A soil sample has a mass of 1830 g taken from the field
-3 3
a) terzaghi having a volume of 1. x 10 M g taken from the field
3 3
b) peck having a volume of 1.x10 M . it has specific gravity of
max
c) cassagrande 2.60 and water content of 10%. Values of e = .63 and
min
d) atterberg e = .44
e) none of these A. Compute the dry unit weight.
2) the densification of soil by removal of air which requires B. Compute the void ratio.
mechanical energy is called C. Compute the relative density.
a) densification
b) compaction 6) A soil sample has a natural water content of 22.5% and it
c) consolidation is known to have a specific gravity of 2.6. in order to
d) liquefaction determine the moist density of the soil, a portion of soil
3
e) none of these weighing 224 g is put in a 500 cm . It is filled with 382
3
3) deep groundwater deposits where underground water cm of water to fill the container.
are available for water supply and irrigation is known as A. Compute the porosity of the soil.
a) water table B. Compute the degree of saturation.
b) water wells C. Compute the bulk of sp. gravity.
c) aquifers 7) A dry soil mixed with 17% by mass with water and
3
d) saturated zone compacted. Volume of wet soil is 0.001 m and has a ass
e) none of these of 1.6 kg. If the specific gravity of soil is 2.70.
4) in fluid flow, if the fluids travels parallel to the adjacent A. Compute the dry unit weight of soil.
layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross B. Compute the void ratio.
the flow is said to be C. Compute the degree of saturation.
a) laminar 8) A dry soil is mixed with 13.5% by mass with water and
-3 3
b) turbulent compacted . volume of wet soil is 1x10 m and has a
c) critical mass of 1.6kg. if the specific gravity of soil is 2.61
d) dynamic a) compute the dry density
e) none of these b) compute the void ratio
1) A soil sample has a natural water content of 22.5% and it c) compute the degree of saturation
3
is known to have a sp. gr. of 2.6. in order to determine 9) the field unit wt of soil sample is 1900kg/m and the unit
3
the moist density of the soil, a portion of soil weighing wt of the soil particle is 2600 kg/m
3
224 g is put in a 500 cm container. It is filled with 382 a) compute the dry unit wt if the water content is 12%
3
cm of water to fill the container. b) compute the void ratio
A. Determine the moist unit of the soil. c) compute the degree of saturation
B. Determine the dry unit of soil. 10) you are an earthwork construction control inspector and
C. Determine the void ratio. you are checking the field compaction of a layer of soil.
2) The total weight of soil when saturated 1526 g and the laboratory compaction curve gives a maximum dry
weight of the soil after drying is 1053 g. If the sp. gr. of density of 1.482g/cc and optimum water content of
soil is 2.84 16.9%. specifications call for the compacted density to be
A. Compute the moisture content at least 95% of the max laboratory value and within +-2%
B. Compute the void ratio of the optimum water content. when you did the sand
C. Compute the porosity cone test, the following data are as follows.
3 3
3) The field unit wt of the soil sample is 1960 kg/m and the volume of soil excavated from the hole=.001337m
3
unit wt of the soil particle is 2700 kg/m . If the emax = weight of soil from the hole when wet=2200 g
0.69 and emin=.44 wt of dry soil=1890g
3
A. Compute the dry unit wt in KN/M if the a) determine the field unit wt of soil
water content is 11%. b) what is the insitu water content of soil
B. Compute the void ratio of the solid sample c) determine the relative compaction of the soil
C. Compute the relative density of the soil 11) given the different layer of soil with their respective
sample. coefficient of permeability:
3
4) The field wt of soil sample is 1900 kg/m and the unit wt
3
of the soil particle is 2660 kg/m .
A. Compute the dry unit weight if the moisture
content is 11.5%.
B. Compute the void ratio.
C. Compute the degree of saturation.
 hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
2003-2012
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a) what is the equation in determining the equivalent

horizontal coefficient of permeability
b) what is the equivalent horizontal coefficient of
permeability if each soil layer is 3mm thick a) determine the total flow of water
c) what is the total flow if i=.70? b) fins the equivalent value of K for both annular and
d) inner ring
12) a confined aquifer underlies an unconfined aquifer as c) determine the volume of water which percolate
3
shown in the figure after 30 mins in cm

16) the laboratory apparatus shown in the figure maintains a

constant head in both the upper and lower reservoirs.
the soil sample is a silty sand wih a hydraulic conductivity
-3
k=5x10 cm/sec and a moisture content of 18.5%. sp.
gr=2.70
a) compute the equivalent horizontal coefficient of
permeability
b) compute the hydraulic gradient
c) compute the flow rate from one stream to another
per meter width
2
13) a reservoir with a 3400m area is underlain by layers of
stratified soils as depicted in the figure a) compute the seepage velocity in cm/sec
b) determine the time required for the plug of colored
water to pass through the soil.
c) compute the discharge of water
17) a confined aquifer has a source of recharge as shown in
the figure. the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is
40m/day and its porosity is .25. the piezometric head in
the two well 1325m apart is 65m and 60m from a
a) compute the average coefficient of permeability in common data. the average thickness of the aquifer is
m/hr 25m. and the average width is 4km
b) compute the interstitial velocity of water moving
through the soil if it has a void ratio of .60 express in
cm/.sec
c) compute the water loss from the reservoir in one yr
in cu.m assuming that pore water pressure is zero
14) the soil under a dam has four layers of soil with different
coefficients of permeability a) compute the rate of flow through the aquifer in
3
Layer Depth Coefficient of m /day
permeability b) compute the seepage velocity
1 4 5 cm/hr c) compute the time of travel from the head of the
2 8 3 aquifer to a point 4km downstream in days
3 12 2
18) a dense silt layer has the following properties:
4 3 1
voidratio=.30
effective diametr D10=10μm
a) compute the average vertical coefficient of 2
capillary constant=.20cm
permeability in meters/day
a) find the height of the capillary rise in the silt
b) compute the transmissibility of the soil when the
2 b) find the vertical effective stress in kPa at 5m depth.
water table is at the ground surface in m /day 3
assume γs=26.5kN/m and that the soil above the
c) compute the interstitial velocity of water moving
capillary action rise and ground surface is partially
through the soil if it has e=.6 and i=.0018cm/hr
saturated at 50%
15) a test is set up as shown in the figure below.
c) find the vertical effective stress in kPa at 10m depth.
assume γs=26.5kN/m3 and that the soil above the
capillary action rise and ground surface is partially
saturated at 50%
19) a saturated clay having a thickness of 20m has a void
ratio of .68 and sg of 2.7
a) compute the density of clay

b) compute the total vertical stress at the bottom
c) compute the effective stress at the bottom
20) a thick layer of clay underlies a sand formation having a
thickness of 4.5 m. the groundwater is located 2n below
the ground surface. sp.gr. of sand and clay is 2.65 with
sand having an average void ratio of .52. the clay has
water content of 42% degree of saturation above the
water table is .37
a) compute the unit wt of sand above the water table
b) compute the total stress at a depth of 10m below
the ground surface
c) compute the effective stress at a depth 10m below
the ground surface
21) a saturated clay layer has a thickness of 10m with water
content of 51% and sg=2.72
a) compute the unit wt of the clay
b) compute the ottal stress at the bottom
c) compute the effective stress at the bottom
22) a given soil layer has a dry unit wt of 14.72 kn/m3 and a
saturated unit wt of 20.12 kn/m3 . the ground water
table is located 2m below the ground surface
a) what is the total stress at point A 4.5 m below the
ground surface
b) what is the pore pressure at point A 4.5 m below the
ground surface
c) what is the effective stress at point A 4.5 m below
the ground surface
23) a uniform soil deposit has a dry unit wt of 15.6 Kn/m3
and a saturated unit wt of 17.2 Kn/m3. the ground water
table is at a distance of 4m below the the ground surface.
point A is at a depth 6 m below the ground surface
a) compute the effective stress at A
b) if the water table goes up by 3.5 m, compute the
effective stress at A
c) in comparison to question 1 and 2, what will happen
to the effective stress at A if the ground water level
will rise up to the ground surface
24) from the given soil profile shown, the ground surface is
subjected to a uniform increase in vertical pressure of
2
12n/cm
a) compute the buoyant unit wt of clay
b) compute the overburden pressure at the mid-height
of the clay
c) compute the total settlement due to primary
consolidation
25) a tank shown in the figure has an inside diameter of 8m
and a height of 6m. it is used as a storage of oil with
sg=.80. the combined wt of the empty tank and the
footing is 2800 KN
hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
2003-2012
zherrinore..
a) determine the depth of the footing
b) determine the increase in pressure in the soil when
the tank is filled with oil
c) determine the settlement of the clay layer. assume
that the swell index is equal to 1/5 of the comp.
index
26) two footings rest in a layer of sand 2.7m thick. thr
bottom of the footings are .90m below the ground
surface. beneath the sand layer is a 1.8 m clay layer.
beneath the clay layer is hard pan. the water table is at a
depth of 1.8m below the ground surface. void ratio of
clay is 1.03
a) compute the stress increase in the center of the clay
layer,assume that the pressure beneath the footing
is spread at an angle of 2 vertical 1 horizontal
b) determine the size of footing B so that the
settlement in the clay layer is the same beneath
footings A and B. footing a is 1.5m
c) determine the settlement beneath footing A
27) a square footing 3mx3m carries a column load of 3500 kn
resting on a sand layer as shown on the figure. unit wt of
3
sand above the water table is 17.31 kN/m and has a
3
saturated unit wt of 18.10 kn/m below the water table.
the sand overlies a clay layer 1.2m thick having a
3
saturated unit wt of 16.50 kn/m and a void ration of 1.7
compression index:Cs=.07, Cc=.35
assume a vertical stress distribution of 2v:1h
a) compute the preconsolidation pressure Pc if
OCR=2.0
b) compute the total effective stress at the center of
the clay layer
c) calculate the settlement due to the consolidation of
the clay layer when it is overconsolidated
28) a retaining wall 8m high is supporting a horizontal backfill
3
having a dry unit wt of 1600 kg/m . the cohesionless soil
has an angle of friction of 33°
a) compute the rankine active force on the wall

b) compute the rankine active force on the wall if the
water table is located at a depth of 3.5m below the
3
ground surface. the sat unit wt is 18.7 kn/m
c) compute the location of the resultant active force
from the bottom for the second condition
29) a vertical retaining wall 6m high retains a horizontal
backfill having the following properties:
void ratio=.60
sG=2.6
water content=24%
Angle of internal friction=25°
a) compute the magnitude of the active force acting on
the wall if the water table is on the ground surface
which is on level with the top of the wall
b) compute the magnitude of the active force acting on
the wall if the water table is located at a depth of 3m
from the ground surface
c) compute the magnitude of the active force if the
water table is at the bottom of the wall.
30) a consolidated drained triaxial test was conducted on a
normally consolidated clay. the results were as follows
chamber confining pressure=138kpa
deviator stress=258kpa
a) compute the friction angle of the soil
b) compute the normal stress at failure
c) compute the shear stress at failure
31) a cohesionless soil has a friction angle of 30° and a
deviator stress of failure of 400kpa
a) find the angle that the failure plane makes with the
major principal plane
b) find the confining pressure
c) finds the shear stress at the point on the failure
plane
32) a cohesive soil specimen has a shearing resistance equal
to 28° and a cohesion of 30kpa. if the max shearing stress
of the soil is equal to 70kpa
a) compute the lateral pressure in the cell for a failure
to occur
b) compute the maximum principal stress to cause
failure
c) compute the normal stress at the point of max.
shear
33) in a triaxial test fpr normally consolidated soil, the
normal stress at failure is equal to 465kpa and the shear
stress at failure is equal to 350kpa
a) compute the angle of friction
b) compute the angle of the failure plane with the
major principal axis
c) compute the max principal stress at failure
34) in the triaxial test for normally consolidated soil, the
deviator stress is equal to 340 kpa and the angle of the
failure plane makes with the major principal plane is
equal to 60°
a) compute the shearing stress at the plane of failure
b) compute the normal stress
c) compute teh value of teh confining pressure
hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
2003-2012
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35) a soil specimen is subjected to a triaxial test. the soil
specimen is cohesionless. if the shear stress that causes
failure is 300kpa and the normal stress at failure is only
375 kpa
a) determine the angle of shearing resistance
b) determine the angle that the failure plane measured
from the major principal plane
c) determine the total axial stress at which failure is
expected to occur
36) the max stress that causes failure of a cohesive soil
specimen in a triaxial test is equal to 220 kpa. the angle
of friction is equal to 25°. if the deviator stress at failure
is equal to 140kpa
a) compute the confining chamber pressure
b) compute the cohesion of soil
c) compute the shearing stress at the point of the
failure plane
37) the following data were obtained from a triaxial test of a
normally consolidated soil, deviator stress at
failure=800kpa, angle to failure plane from the major
principal plane=63°
a) compute the shearing stress at the plane of failure
b) compute the normal stress at the plane of failure
c) compute the value of the confining pressure
38) a .36 m square prestressed concrete pile is to be driven
in a clayey soil as shown in the figure. the design capacity
of the pile is 360KN, with FS=2
a) compute the end bearing capacity of pile
b) compute the skin friction expected to develop along
the shaft of the pile
c) compute the length of pile if α=.76
39) a .30mx.30m concrete pile 22m long is driven in a clayey
soil having an unconfined compressive strength of 110
2 3
kn/m . the unit wt of the clayey soil is 18kn/m . frictional
constant is .76 due to skin friction. assume FS=2 and
Nc=9
a) compute the capacity of the pile due to skin friction
only
b) compute the end bearing capacity
c) compute the design capacity of the pile
40) a .3m square concrete pile is to be driven at a site where
soil conditions are as indicated in the figure. if a
penetration of 14m is assumed
 hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
2003-2012
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a) what are these properties of soil

a) what total skin friction is expected to develop along
the embedded length of the pile
b) compute the total end bearing capacity of the pile if
Nc=9
c) what is the design capacity of the pile if it has a
factor of safety of 2
41) a pile group consists of 12 piles with a diameter f .3 m
and a pile length of 12 m is shown in the figure. the piles
are spaced in a 3pile by 4 pile rectangular configuration
with a pile spacing of .6m center to center of piles. the
piles are driven into the clay that has the given
characteristics. the piles penetrate a soft clay(c=20kpa)
medium dense clay(c=56kpa) and stiff clay(c=95 kpa), use
α=1 for soft and medium dense clay and .5 for stiff clay.
b) determine the plasticity index
c) what is the liquidity index if w=30%
46) From the given table shows the LL and PL of soil x and y
Soil Liquid limit Plastic limt
X 47 22
Y 70 38
a) find the PI of soil x
b) find the PI of soil y
c) what is the purpose of the test
47) a 300 mm diameter test well penetrates 27m below the
static water table. after 24 hours of pumping at 69l/sec
the water level in the observation well at a distance of 95
m from the test well is lowered .5m and the other
observation well at a distance of 35m from the testwell,
the drawdown is 1.1m
3
a) what is the rate of flow in m /day
b) compute the coefficient of permeability of the
aquifer in m/day
2
c) compute the transmissibility of the aquifer in m /day
48) a 7m deep braced cut in sand is shown. in the plan, the
struts are placed at a spacing of 2m center to center.
using pecks empirical pressure diagram, compute the
following

a) determine the capacity of the pile group based on

the single pile failure mode
b) determine the capacity of the pile group based on
block failure mode
c) determine the minimum center to center spacing of
piles to achieve 100% efficiency
42) a nine pile group consists of .30 m diameter friction a) strut load at level A
concrete piles 12m long. the piles are driven into clay b) strut load at level C
2
having a cohesion of 50 kn/m and the unit wt of clay is c) strut load at level B
19.2. the spacing of piles is .75m center to center. 49) the hydraulic gradient for quicksand condition is equal to
assuming Nc=9 and α=1 1.13 with a void ratio of .50. the moist unit wt of soil is
3
a) find the allowable group pile capacity based on 19.04kn/m
individual pile failure using FS=3 a) compute the SG of the soil
b) find the block capacity of pile group using FS=3 b) compute the dry unit wt of the soil
c) find the minimum spacing in order to achive 100% c) compute the water content of the soil
efficiency 50) the results of a constant head permeability test for a fine
43) a group of friction piles is shown in the figure. the total sand and sample having a diameter of 150mm and a
load on the pile less the weight of the soil displayed by length of 150mm are as follows
the foundation is 1800kn. thickness of silt is 2m and that constant head difference=40cm
of clay is 16m time of collection of water=83sec
a) determine the effective overburden pressure at weight of water collected=39 g
midheight of the consolidating clay a) find the hydraulic conductivity
b) determine the compression index of the clay layer 51) from a constant laboratory permeability test on a fine
c) determine the settlement of the pile foundation sand the following are given
44) a soil sample was determined in the laboratory to have a length of specimen=17cm
liquid limit of 41% and a plastic limit of 21.1%. if the diameter of specimen=5.5cm
water content is 30%, determine the following constant head difference=40cm
a) plasticity index weight of water collected=50g
b) liquidity indez duration=12sec
c) characteristic of the soil a) find the hydraulic conductivity
45) given the LL of soil=58% and its PL=8%
 hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
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52) an anchored sheet pile supports a mass of soil 7.3m high 100 .905
with a horizontal surface. the angle of friction of the soil 200 .815
3
is 31° with a unit wt of 1.96g/cm . the total height of the
sheet pile is 10.5 m which is supported by an anchor bolt
placed 1.2 m below the ground surface which has a
spacing of 3m center to center
a) compute the active force
b) compute the fraction of the theoretical-maximum
passive resistance of the total embedded length
which must be mobilized for equilibrium a)calculate the average effective stress on the
c) compute the tension in the anchor bolt midheight of clay layer
53) a cantilever sheet pile is 8,2 m long with a depth of i) 60.74kPa
embedment of 3.2m. angle of friction of the soil ii) 42.24
supported by the sheet pile is 34° and has a unit weight iii) 36.36
of 1.91g/cc. there is water table below the base of the iv) 69.23
sheet pile v) 78.95
a) compute the active force acting on the sheet pile b) determine the compression index cc
b) compute the max passive force acting on the sheet i) .213
pile ii) .452
c) compute the theoretical passive force that must be iii) .374
mobilized to ensure stability iv) .465
3 v) .299
54) from the figure sown, the soil has a unt wt of 18kn/m
2 c) if the average effective stress on the clay layer is
and undrained shear strength cu=20kN/m . the slopes
makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal, assume a increased(Po+∆P) to 115kPa, what would be the
stability number m=.185 total consolidation settlement?
i) 123.65mm
ii) 104.6
iii) 158.74
iv) 116.35
a) compute the stability factor v) 92.56
b) compute the maximum depth up to which the cut 59) a tube having a cross sectional area of 100 sq.cm
could be made contains three layers of soil having given hydraulic
c) compute the angle that the failure plane makes with conductivities as shown in the tabulation. the rate of
the horizontal if BC=8m water supplied to maintain a constant head of 400mm is
3 -
55) a piece of metal weighs 350N in air and when it is 291.21cm /hr. if the value of Ha=300mm and Kb=4x10
3
submerged completely in water, it weighs 240N cm.sec
a) find the volume of the metal a) compute the value of Ka
b) find the specific wt of the metal b) compute the value of Hb
c) find the specific gravity of the metal c) compute the value of Kc
56) a wooden storage vat full of oil sp. gr=.80 is in the form 60) a wooden buoy of sg=.75 floats in a liquid with sg=85
of frustum of a cone 2m diameter at the top and 4m a) what is the percentage of the volume above the
diameter at the bottom and 3 m high. it is provided with liquid surface to the total volume of the buoy
2 steel hoops one at the top and one at the bottom i) 13.6
a) compute the hydrostatic force on the side op the ii) 14.1
container iii) 15.6
b) how high is the said force above the bottom iv) 12.3
c) compute the force on the bottom hoop v) 11.8
3
57) a vat holding paint(SG+.8) is 8m long and 4 m deep and b) if the volume above the liquid surface is .0145m
has a trapezoidal cross section 3m wide at the bottom what is the weight of the wooden buoy?
and 5m wide at the top i) .698kN
a) compute the weight of the paint ii) 957
b) compute the force on the bottom of the vat iii) .905
c) compute the force on the trapezoidal end panel iv) .789
58) from the figure shown, the clay is normally consolidated. v) .821
a laboratory consolidation test on the clay gave the c) what load that will cause the buoy to be fully
following results submerged?
Pressure(kPa) Void ratio, e i) .121kN
 hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
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ii) .151 that the two edges of the square would be horizontal in
iii) .216 order that the center of pressure shall be 8cm from the
iv) .178 center of gravity.
v) .236 a) how far below the water surface should the upper
61) the reading of a Toyota 6x-2003 fuel gage is proportional plate be submerged?
to the gage pressure at the bottom of the tank as shown i) 5.258
on the figure. the tank is 32m deep. unit wt of gasoline is ii) 7.875
3 3
6670N/m and that of air is 11.8N/m . unit weight of iii) 6.154m
3
water is 9790 N/m iv) 8.715
a) determine the gage reading when the tank is full of v) 9.875
gasoline b) what is the distance of the center of pressure from
i) 2231.2kPa the water surface
ii) 2056.7 i) 10.365
iii) 2365.8 ii) 6.271
iv) 2134.4 iii) 8.784
v) 2518.6 iv) 7.265
b) how many cm of air remains at the top when the v) 9.455
gage indicates full if the tank is 32 m deep and is c) determine the hydrostatic force acting on the plate
contaminated with 3cm of water at this position
i) 2.15cm i) 748.59
ii) 1.87 ii) 827.27kN
iii) 1.41 iii) 936.65
iv) .26 iv) 615.48
v) 1.12 v) 889.99
2
c) if the tank is .5m , find the volume of the gasoline to 64) an open cylindrical vessel 1 m in diameter contains water
fill up the tank at a depth of 3.56m.
i) 60liters a) if it is rotated at a speed of 80rpm about its vertical
ii) 70 axis determine the least depth of the vessel so that
iii) 90 no water will be spilled out
iv) 80 i) 4
v) 50 ii) 3
62) a tank with vertical sides is 1.2 m square, 3.0 m deep and iii) 5
is filled to a depth of 2.7m with water. a cube of wood iv) 6
having a specific gravity of .5 measuring 60 cm on the v) 2
edge is placed in the water so that it will float b) if the vessel is rotated at 120rpm, how much water
a) find the weight of volume of water displaced will be spilled out?
i) 2.36 i) 425
ii) 1.75 ii) 486
iii) .26 iii) 465
iv) 3.85 iv) 405
v) 1.0 v) 444
b) determine the depth that the water will rise inside c) if the vessel is rotated at 140 rpm, what would be
the tank from its original water level the pressure at the center bottom of the tank?
i) .025m i) 12.36kPa
ii) .015 ii) 10.35
iii) .075 iii) 15.72
iv) .123 iv) 18.18
v) .042 v) 22.36
c) what will be the change in pressure on one side of 65) from the figure shown, the gate is 1m wide and is hinged
the tank? at the bottom of the gate
i) 1.451
ii) 2.875kN
iii) 2.417
iv) 3.052
v) .051
63) a square plate having one of its side equal to 3m is
immersed in a water surface in a vertical position such a) compute the hydrostatic force acting on the gate

b) compute the location of the center of the pressure
of the gate to the hinged
c) Determine the minimum volume of concrete
3
(γ=23.6kN/m ) needed to keep the gate in a closed
position.
66) a vertical plate shown is submerged in vinegar having a
3
sg=.80. assume γw=9.79kN/m
a) find the depth of the center of pressure of section A
from the liquid surface
b) find the magnitude of the hydrostatic force on one
side of the plate
c) find the depth of the center of pressure of the whole
section from LS
67) a vertical rectangular gate as shown is 2m wide, 6 m high
is hinged at the top has oil sg=.84 standing 7m deep on
one side, the LS being under pressure of -18.46kPa
a) compute the hydrostatic force acting on the gate
b) how far is the force acting below the hinge
c) how much horizontal force applied at the bottom is
needed to open the gate
68) the tank in the figure is 3m wide into the paper.
neglecting atmospheric pressure. compute the following.
3
use γw=9.79kN/m
a) vertical force on the quarter circle panel BC
b) horizontal force on the quarter circle
c) resultant force on the quarter circle panel BC
d) angle that the resultant makes with the horizontal
69) a square plate having one of its side equal to 3m is
immersed in a water surface in a vertical position such
that the two edges of the square would be horizontal in
order that the center of pressusre shall be 10 cm from
the center of gravity
a) how far below the water surface should the upper
plate be submerged
b) what is the distance of the center of the pressure
from the water surface
c) determine the hydrostatic force acting on the plate
70) two open cylindrical tanks are connected by an orifice
2
having a cross sectional area of .004m . tank A is 8m in
diameter and its water level is 10 m above that of B
whose diameter is 5m. if the coefficient of discharge is
.60
a) find the discharge flowing in the orifice
b) how long will it be before the water surface are at
the same level
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c) how soon after will the water surface be 4m apart?
2
71) an orifice having an area of .00785m is attached to a
vertical side of a cylindrical tank having a diameter of 4m.
the weight of the water discharged in 1 min and 40 sec is
22563N under a constant head of 1.2m. the jet strikes a
point 1.92m horizontally from the vena contracta and
.80m vertically below the orifice
a) find the coefficient of velocity
b) find the coefficient of discharge
c) compute the coefficient of contraction
72) two closed compartments A and B are connected by an
orifice having a diameter of 140mm diameter at its sides.
at compartment A, it contains water at a depth of 3m
above the orifice and a pressure on top of it equal to
50kPa. on the other compartment, it contains water at a
depth of 2m above the orifice and a pressure of 15kPa on
top of the water surface. c=.86 Cv=.92
a) compute the discharge thru the orifice
b) compute the headloss
c) compute the power loss in watts
73) a trapezoidal channel has a bottom width of 6m and side
slopes of 2 horizontal and 1 vertical. when the depth of
3
flow is 1.2m, the flow is 30.40 m /s
a) compute the specific energy
b) compute the slope of the channel if n=.014
c) compute the average shearing stress at the
boundary
74) the cross section of a right triangular channel is shown
with a coefficient of roughness n=.012. if the rate of flow
3
is 4m /s
a) det. the critical depth
b) det. the critical velocity
c) determine the critical slope
75) a rectangular channel 6m wide has a constant specific
energy of 2.2
a) calc the critical depth
b) cal the critical velocity
c) cal the critical slope if n=.012
3
76) a rectangular channel carries a discharge of 17.6m /s
when flowing 1.2 m depth. if the width of the canal is
10m
a) compute the min specific energy
b) compute the normal slope if n=.014
c) compute the average shearing stress of the
boundary
77) water flows through an almost level channel 3.0 m wide
3
at 12m /s. the depth gradually increase from 1.0m to
1.1m for a length of flow of 5m
a) what is the HL
b) what is the slope
c) compute for n

78) a pump draws water from reservoir A and lifts it to a
reservoir B as shown. the loss of head from A to 1 is 3
times the velocity head in the 150mm pipe and the loss
of head from 2 to B is 20 times the velocity head in the
100mm pipe. when the discharge is 20L/sec
a) compute the horse power output of the pump
b) compute the pressure head at 1 compute the
pressure head at 2
79) two reservoirs A and B have elevatons of 250m and 100m
respectively. it is connected by a pipe having a diameter
of 250mm and a length of 100m. a turbine is installed at
a point in between the reservoirs A and B. if c=120,
compute the ff if the discharge flowing in the pipe is
150liters/sec
a) headloss of pipe due to friction
b) head extracted by the turbine
c) power generated by turbine
80) a rectangular channel 5.4m wide by 1.2 m deep is lined
with a smooth stone well and has a hydraulic slope of
.001. using n=.012
3
a) what is the capacity of the channel in m /s
b) what savings in earth excavation could have been
offered by using more favourable proportional but
adhering to the same delivery and slope
c) what savings in lining per meter length could have
been offered by using more favourable proportional
but adhering to the same delivery and slope
81) a trapezoidal canal has a base width equal to 6m which
carries water flowing at velocity of .8m/s
a) compute the discharge in the canal if the side are
sloping at an angle of 45° such that it will have a
minimum seepage
b) compute the discharge in the canal for MES
c) compute the discharge if the depth of the canal is
only 2/3 of the base width and has side slopes of 1:1
82) water from a reservoir flowing througha non rigid
600mm pipe with a velocity of 2m/s is completely
stopped by a closure of a valve situated 150 m from the
reservoir. assume that the pressure increases at a
uniform rate and that there is no damping of the
pressure wave. the pipe has a thickness of 20mm. bulk
9
modulus of water is 2.2x10 mPa and modulus of
11
elasticity of steel is 1.4x10 mPa
a) compte the velocity of sound of water
hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
2003-2012
zherrinore..
b) find the water hammer pressure for instant closure
c) how much time should be allowed for closing the
valve to avoid water hamer?
83) the error in the measured head in a channel is equal to
3
0.018m. if the discharge flowing the channel is .6m /s.
compute the following
a) %error if a suppressed rectangular weir is used with
length of weir is equal to 4.2m
b) % of error if a cipolletti weir having a length of weir
of 4.6m
c) % of error if a right triangular weir is used#
84) a 600mm diameter steel pipe, 10mm thick carries water
under a head of 325m
a) determine the actual stress in kN per meter length of
pipe
b) if the head is increased to 500m, what is the actual
stress on the wall in Mpa
c) if the head is increased to 500m, what thickness is
required assuming an allowable tensile stress of
113mPa and efficiency of the connection is 80%
85) the velocity of oil flowing thru a 30mm diameter pipe is
-5 2
equal to 2m/s. oil has kinetic viscosity of 5x10 m /s. if
the pipe has a length of 120m
a) compute the Reynolds number
b) compute the friction factor
c) compute the headloss of the pipe
86) a liquid having a Reynolds number of 1900 flow thru a
200 mm diameter pipe 150m long. the headloss of the
pipe due to friction is 22m
a) compute the friction factor
b) compute the kinematic viscosity
c) compute the rate of flow in l/sec
87) a closed cylindrical tank having a radius of .6m and a
height of 4m is full of water under a pressure of 196.2
kPa. the metal side is 3mm thick. if the vessel is rotated
at 200rpm
a) compute the total pressure on the side of the wall
b) compute the total pressure against the top
c) compute the maximum intensity of the hoop on
tensile side
88) a footing 6m square carries a total load, including its own
weight of 10000 KN. the base of the footing is at a depth
of 3m below the ground surface. the soil strata at the site
consists of a layer of stiff fully saturated clay 27.5m thick
overlying dense sand. the average bulk density of the clay
3
is 1920kg/m and its average shear strength determined
2
from undrained triaxial test is 130kN/m .
from the table,
a) determine the gross foundation pressure
b) determine the net foundation pressure
c) calculate the factor of safety of the foundation
against the complete shear failure under the
undrained condition. side cohesion on the
foundation may be neglected
89) a square footing has a dimension of 1.2m by 1.2m and
has its bottom 1m below the ground surface
 hydraulics and geotechnical engineering
2003-2012
zherrinore..

a) if the ground water table is located at a depth of

1.2m below the ground surface. compute the
allowable load that the footing could carry if it has a
factor of safety of 3
b) find the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil if the
ground water table is at the bottom of the footing
c) find the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil if the
ground water table is .5m above the bottom of the
footing
90)