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Design problem : Design a rectangular water tank 3m x 1m with depth

of storage 1m, resting on ground and whose walls are rigidly joined at
vertical and horizontal edges. Assume M25 concrete and Fe500 grade
steel.
L= 3 m, B=1m, a=1 m

Step1: Analysis for moment and tensile force

i) Longwall: L/a=3/1 =3 ; from table 3 IS-3370 ( part-iv)

For Max moment coeffiecients
at y=0, x/a=1, Mx=-0.126 ;
at y=b/2, x/a=0 , My=-0.082
w= density of water

= 10 kN/m3

Max vertical moment = Mx*w*a3=-1.26 kNm

Max horizontal moment = My*w*a3=-0.82 kNm

Tension long wall =w*a*B/2=5 kN
ii) Shortwall: B/a= 1/1 = 1.
at y=0, x/a=1, Mx=-0.035
at y=b/2, x/a=1/2 , My=-0.029

Max vertical moment = Mx*w*a3=-0.35 kNm

Max horizontal moment = My*w*a3=-0.29kNm

Tension along short wall =w*a*L/2=15 kN
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Step2: Design constants

∑cbc=8.5 MPa, ∑ st=270 MPa , m=10.98
k=N.A depth = m*∑cbc/ (m*∑cbc+∑ st)
= 0.256
Lever arm j=1-(k/3)=0.914.
Factor Q= ½*∑cbc*j*k = 0.995

Step3: Design for vertical moment

For vertical moment, the maximum bending moment from long and
short wall (Mmax)x=-1.26 kN-m

Depth of wall required (d)= √(M/Q*b) ( b=1000 mm)

= 35.38 mm
Assuming effective cover as 30 mm, the thickness of wall is
t=35.38+30=65.38 mm ≈ 70 mm.
Let we provide a thickness of wall as 120 mm
‘d’ provided=120-30 =90 mm

Area of steel required (A st ) = M/(∑ st* j*d)

= 56.73 sqmm
Spacing of 6 mm diameter bar = 28.27*1000/56.73
= 498 mm c/c.
(Max spacing 3d=270 mm) Provide #6 mm @ 250 mm c/c ( vertical
reinforcement may be provided on inner face)
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Distribution steel
Minimum area of steel is 0.12% of concrete area
Ast=(0.12/100) x1000 x 120 = 144 Sq-mm
Spacing of 6 mm diameter bar = 28.27*1000/144 = 196.22 mm
Provide #6 mm @ 200 mm c/c as distribution steel.
Provide #6 mm @ 200 c/c as vertical and horizontal distribution on
the outer face. ( min reinforcement criteria)

Step4: Design for Horizontal moment

A C
0.82 kNm

Nn
0.29 kNm

Horizontal moments at the corner in long and short wall produce

unbalanced moment at the joint. This unbalanced moment has to be
distributed to get balanced moment using moment distribution method.

Stiffness factor: KAC = 4EI/L = 4EI/3

KAB = 4EI/B = 4EI/1
Total stiffness = KAC+ KAB = 16 EI/3
Distribution factors
DF AC = 0.25 & DF AB = 0.75
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Moment distribution Table

Joint A
Member AC AB
DF 0.25 0.75
FEM -0.82 0.29
Distribution 0.132 0.398
Final Moment -0.688 0.688
The tension in the wall is computed by considering the section at
height H1from the base.
Where, H1is greater of i) H/4, ii) 1m, ie., i) 3/4=0.75, ii)
1m;

H1= 1m Depth of water h=H= 1 m

Total pressure on base p=w*h=10 x 1= 10 kN/m2
Tension in shortwall Ts=pL/2=15 kN
Tension in long wall TL=pB/2= 5 kN
Net bending moment M’=M-Tx, where,x= d-D/2=90- (120/2)=30mm
M’=0.688-15*0.03=0.238 kN-m

Reinforcement for moment M’ = Ast1= M’/(∑ st* j*d)

= 10.72 sq mm.

Reinforcement for direct tension A st2 = tension in wall /∑ st

= 55 sq- mm
Total Ast=Ast1+Ast2= 65.71 sq- mm .
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Spacing of 6 mm diameter bar = 405 mm c/c

Provide #6 @400 mm c/cat corners up to ¼ of length.

Step5: Base Slab:

The slab is resting on firm ground. Hence nominal thickness and
reinforcement is provided. The thickness of slab is assumed to be
120 mm and 0.2% reinforcement is provided in the form of # 6 mm @
118 mm c/c. at top and bottom.
A haunch of 100 x 100 x 100 mm size is provided at all corners