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Chapter 1
Rationale
The internet is a very useful partner for a student to conduct research and
other school related works. Also, the internet is a world-wide tool for
disseminating information and interactions of people all around the world (Leiner,
et al. 1997). Though internet is very useful, there are also negative things that
are alarming to the society and the most rampant is Cyber Pornography, this is
the distribution of websites and file sharing that sends pornographic contents
browsing of websites. This is defined as any media with sexual activity or nudity
that can cause sexual arousal among those people who are exposed by its
contents (Ferguson, et al. 2009). A survey states that 93% of all adolescents and
students in United States ages 12 to 17 use the internet; 63% go online daily and
36% are online several times a day, which means that adolescents and students
have greater chance to access pornography websites with the help of the internet
Most people that are affected by pornographic contents are students this
behavior among peers is one case that is alarming, this causes them to become
more aggressive and show inappropriate behavior towards their peers (Ybarra, et
2
al. 2005). Another reason is the lack of parent involvement with regards to
children getting exposed to pornographic contents, the most crucial reason why
because, they lack the initiative to solve such issue. Another factor is religious
orientation society assumed that religiosity can protect children from being
2011). This implies that children that are much less religious in their early stages
guidance. On the other hand, children that are more exposed to religious
practices about moral and self-regulation can prevent their selves from getting
becoming a major issue. This is also getting harder to stop, because of the major
8th spot for the largest revenue that came from Pornography which has about 50
billion pesos worth of revenue as of 2016 (Bernarte, et al. 2016). This adheres to
pornographic contents. They are the number one group that are affected by this
issue in society and what is worst, this issue will only grow more in the following
years, since it offers a big revenue to the industry. Commented [L2]: contributed by: Godinez, Althea
For this reason, groups which have higher positions in society should take
action with the growing concern of Cyber-pornography such as, the school,
3
government and church. Moreover, students should inherit the moral aspects of
life through religious orientation, because, this will enable them to become more
church and school about the negative effect of Cyber-pornography. And also the Commented [L3]: contributed by: Sesbreño, Rengelie
behavior, attitudes and the family formation values it can also their beliefs
towards the surroundings. It can help them through the aspects of religious to
Theoretical Background
internet usage nowadays but still, it is important to take into consideration what is
how sexual drives are built from childhood to adulthood (Cherry, 2018). Freud
built around tension and pleasure and this is build-up through libido or sexual
energy (Mcleod, 2017). If a person’s sexual needs aren’t met then, a person is
contents. Mostly, people experience this when reaching the genital stage which
is the last phase of Freud’s psychosexual development stages. Pornography is Commented [L5]: contributed by: Pacaña, Hara
4
where people could get into curiosity, we're it could be a merely fact that they can
apply through exposure that can be apply into once taste. Everybody does seen
pornography perhaps captured different images in their minds they may use
these as part of interpreting to others Commented [L6]: addedd by: terante sheryln
5
Psychosexual Development
(Freud, 1905)
Demographic Profile:
Gender
Religious Orientation
Cyber-Pornography
Usage pertaining to:
Religious Orientation
Compulsivity
Intrinsic
Social
Extrinsic
Isolation
Guilt
Efforts
Religious Oriented
person who is addicted to sex and a person who is not is based on how they are
that those students who are more religious gets a sense of discipline when
exposed to pornographic contents and can control their libido, on the other hand,
those students who are less religious are likely to experience guilt and show
negative social behaviors (Erickson, 1905). This theory leads to the effects of the
two proposed kinds of students which are religious and non-religious students on
cyber-pornography.
more religious, because, they are more aware of the social norms and negative
to the issue about cyber-pornography addiction. Whereas, students that are less
religious are affect by guilt and anti-social behavior which often leads to addiction
and sexual abuse on their opposite sex to whom they attracted to.
can help educate him about how to handle these temptations, especially, the
1.1 compulsivity;
1.2 social;
1.3 isolation;
1.5 efforts?
Null Hypothesis
This study can enhance the perspective of students with regards to the
The results from this study can also serve as a reference for parents to
orient them about the growing concern of cyber-pornography. This will help them
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widen their perception and knowledge about how religious orientation and cyber-
This study is also helpful to those whose courses are aligned to solving
cyber-pornography issues in society and this is also helpful to those who have
also it can gain more knowledge to know what is the impact of the cyber-
pornography and the influences of this especially of the student. The influence of
the cyber pornography it can cause too much, so it can help us to those who
them to control their addiction of watching porn every now and then. Moreover, Commented [L8]: added by: terante sheryl
Commented [L9]: added by: aniñon, elvie
experts in these fields can also use this study as a reference for doing further
research.
provide specific solutions to the growing concern about cyber-pornography. Commented [L10]: contibuted by: pacaña, hara
University of Cebu, Senior High School, Private Campus. This is one limitation,
because, the researcher cannot generalize the whole topic of the study, since, it
The present study included all males and females in all section of Grade
12 GAS students. This is to ensure that there is no gender bias, because, when it
comes to pornography males are dominant when using accessing such contents. Commented [L11]: contributed by: sesbreño, rengelie
Definition of Terms
The terms are operationally and conceptually defined based on how they
Webster, 1828).
sexual behavior mature through a series of stages: first oral stage and then anal
stage and then phallic stage and finally the genital stage (Princeton University,
this type of religion. These people are mainly encouraged by a promise for
tool that promotes social support, comfort and self-esteem (Hills et al., 2004;
Chapter 2
This chapter presents literature and a study that includes ideas, finished
study. Those were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that
will defined conceptually and operationally for clarity and also to assess the
Related Literature
In the past several years, one of the valuable tool is the internet that
websites with the use of Internet has big impact. People nowadays has an instant
increasing, this effect will not overcome due to some people who will engage on
that websites. Meanwhile, the individual factors were found to be related to self-
with the dependent misogynist attitude measurement (Barak et al. 1999). Commented [L15]: paraphrased by: Rengelie Sesbreño
13
Almost only a few students considered how a religious life is may actually
several studies explored the relationship between the religion and pornography
who felt that viewing pornography worsened their relationship with God
compared to 20% of females (Perry, 2015). Commented [L16]: added by: hara pacaña
Otherwise, the lack of jurisdictional boundaries and the sheer volume of traffic
that internet can handle, as well as the potential for anonymity have resulted in a
complete lack of control over what appears on the web at the click of a mouse
button before there was no liability of cyber cafe owner but with the introduction
cafe owners have only increased. This papers deals with the cyber pornography
and it's legal implication and the liability of cyber cafe owner (Verma,J. 2008). Commented [L17]: paraphrased by: pacaña, hara
This study examined the narrative cyber pornographer users and also to
they define themselves to analyze more about the major patterns of distress
both male and female, religiosity is somewhat strongly negatively correlated with
acceptance of pornography it means that religiosity is not the basis for being an
universities in the United States, found a weaker correlation than the strength of
saying that many religious people who do not accept Internet pornography but
Related Studies
and theologically the less likely view pornography than others. Some
difference was often not as great consistent given strong moral stance that might
pornography. Additionally, people who are harbor in negative views with their
own IP use are more likely experienced religiously spiritual struggles and
rather than actual IP use can be related of having a lower self-esteem, more
anger, and more anger directed toward God (Wilt J., et al. 2016) Commented [L20]: paraphrased by: zapanta jurvin
indeed predict such struggles, both overtime and cross-sectionally, but the use of
even when the baseline levels of struggles and other variables that are related
held to be constant (Grubbs et al 2017). Commented [L21]: paraphrase by: godinez, althea
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains all the methodologies used in the study. This
including the procedure of data gathering and analysis. Commented [L22]: contibuted by: codilla ann
Research Design
research to present the factors who are involved in this study to examine the
Freud (1905) examined the causes of indulgence in pornography and how the
religious orientation affects students from accessing these contents. Commented [L23]: paraphrase by: pacaña, hara
Research Environment
School, and Graduate Degrees. For Senior High School, the programs offers are
academic, technical and vocational, and arts and design tracks. The researcher
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the GAS strand. For this reason, the data that was gathered can provide
Research Respondent
respondents were given is one of the acceptable size for any types of research.
The research use the purposive sampling wherein selective students had a
Research Instruments
based on the first variable stated in the objectives of the study. These consist of
5 categories: compulsivity, social, isolated, guilt and efforts. 7 likert scale and 4
likert scale was used in order to determine their response. Intrinsic or Extrinsic
Religious Orientation Scale (Darvyri et al. 2014) was used in order to determine
The researcher first identified who are the Senior High School students
that were part of the selection. The researchers ask the permission of the
principal of the school for the conduction of their study being granted. The
researchers also made the letter for the participants and explain the purpose why
they conducted that study and also the procedures to be followed are stated
thoroughly. The data were administered with questionnaires and are given
instruction on how to fill out the given questionnaires. The researchers make sure
that each participants clearly understood the instruction so that the participants
can establish uniformity in filling out the questionnaire. The researcher also
discuss and ensure the participants about the confidentially of their responses
and information. Each participants were given one (1) set of questionnaire that
Orientation of the participants. The result of the responses being gathered was
variables. The first one if there is the relationship between the cyber-pornography
there is a significant relationship between the x and y variables and also it used
Cristobal & Cristobal (2017), this test was used to determine the significant
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was utilized
orientation. SPSS is the most popular statistical package which can analyze
properly with simple instruction. After the result computed, interpretation on the
result was discussed in each tables with supporting citation and relevant studies.
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Chapter 4
This chapter contains and discusses the tables that are made which
present the result of the gathered data, the analysis of the study and also the
Statements Mean SD
I have made promises to myself to stop using the
4.57 2.431
Internet for pornography.
I see no purpose in viewing online pornography. 4.20 2.280
I have punished myself when I use the Internet for
pornography (e.g. time-out from computer, cancel 3. 97 2.327
Internet subscription, etc.)
Even when I do not want to view pornography online, I
3.70 2.200
find myself.
I feel unable to stop my use of online pornography. 3.63 2.189
I have no problem controlling my use of online
3.60 2.313
pornography.
Pornography has sometimes interfered with certain
3.60 1.993
aspects of my life.
I believe I am addicted to Internet pornography. 2.50 2.047
I sometimes use pornography as a reward for
accomplishing something (e.g., finish a project, stressful 2.40 1.217
day, etc.)
It is easy for me to turn down chance to view online
2.00 .743
pornography
11. When I am unable to access pornography online, I
1.43 .430
feel anxious, angry or disappointed.
Total Weighted Mean 3.2177
Overall Standard Deviation .94300
Ranges for the Weighted Mean
Range Description
6.1- 7.00 Very High
5.25- 6.0 High Compulsivity
4.40- 5.24 Moderate
3.55- 4.39 Neutral
2.70- 3.54 Below
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Table 1 shows that statement 1 state that the highest value of the mean
standard deviation calculated from the respondents who promise to stop using
whole, we calculated the presented database on the questionnaire the mean and
the standard deviation. Which is the total or the result the highest is the weighted
Range Description
Pornography it was proven in the final result that the Standard Deviation is higher
than the total Weighted Mean. Standard Deviation get a total of .56361 and the
Range Description
pornography. It shows that every each question was resulted that Standard
Deviation has a good standard when it compare to the mean and it was proven in
the final result that Standard Deviation has a total high result than the total
Weighted Mean. It also appears that respondents have higher result on staying
Range Description
Table 4 shows the result of the respondent’s feels guilt while watching
total weighted mean and the total standard deviation. As a result, the total
Table 5 shows how the respondents show their will of watching porn or
visiting a porn site. With this regard, the table also shows several percentages
based on how the respondents respond to the questions whether they are going
Range Description
As shown in Table 6, it resulted that the participants has the strong sense
of Gods presences; this has a weighted mean of 3.4 which belongs to very
excellent religious oriented people this is because participants are very into
0.05 level of significance, the following hypotheses were tested, the significant
and their religious orientation, the significant relationship between students’ guilt
pornography and their religious orientation. The result are .627 .694 .090 .788
J. et al. (2008) stated that “among emerging adults, both male and female,
pornography”
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Chapter 5
This chapter summarizes the findings of the study, the conclusion being
concluded based on the results gathered and the solutions being recommended
for all the possible respondents and people who benefits this study.
Summary of Findings
The hypothesis resulted that there is no significant relationship between the two
variables.
Cyber-Pornography use and their religious orientation. This was also identified
that there is no significant relationship between two variables as what the result
of the hypothesis.
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was also identified that there is no significant relationship between the two
Moreover, the findings of the study also showed that there were no
religious orientation where it was in accordance with their will, was also resulted
as no significant relationship.
Conclusion
and their religious orientation. Both male and female, religiosity is somewhat
presumed that there was no correlation between religiosity and viewing on cyber-
does not affects on viewing cyber-pornography. Students may inherit the moral
students’ religiosity and by that it can make a big impact on students’ lives.
30
Recommendation
life that they can enable to become more disciplined and they can improve
their behavior.
Internet café’s may not allowed students’ who are watching pornographic
sites because sometimes it can give them bad effects towards their
attitudes.
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Transmittal Letter
Sir:
Good day!
The survey would last only about 5-10 minutes and will be performed at a convenient
time of the students. The said survey is voluntarily and assured that all information
provided by the students will be highly kept confidentially and it is only use for research
purposes.
I’m looking forward to your favorable response with regard to this matter. Thank you very
much for your support.
Sincerely yours,
Noted:
Appendix B
Survey Questionnaire
Dear Respondents:
Religion: _________________
Instructions: For each of the following statements put a check mark based on
the scale for each statement. Be reminded that do not leave items unanswered.
Answer with all honesty.
Item
Statements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No.
Pornography has sometimes interfered with certain
1
aspects of my life.
I sometimes use pornography as a reward for
2 accomplishing something (e.g., finish a project, stressful
day, etc.)
3 I see no purpose in viewing online pornography.
I have made promises to myself to stop using the Internet
4 for
pornography.
When I am unable to access pornography online, I feel
5
anxious angry, or disappointed.
It is easy for me to turn down the chance to view online
6
porngraphy.
35
Item
Statements 0 1 2 3 4
No.
I am very uncomfortable when the subject of Internet pornography
1
comes up.
The subject of Internet pornography does not make me
2
uncomfortable.
3 After viewing pornography online, I clear my browser’s history.
36
Instruction: For Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale use the scale to
answer. Be reminded that do not leave items unanswered. Answer with all
honesty.
0=Never, 1= Rarely, 2=Sometimes, 3= Frequently, 4= Always
Item
Statement 0 1 2 3 4
No.
1 I enjoy reading about my religion.
2 It is important to me to spend time in private thought and prayer.
3 I have often had a strong sense of God’s presence.
4 I pray mainly to gain relief and protection.
5 I try hard to live all my life according to my religious beliefs.
6 I try hard to live all my life according to my religious beliefs.
7 I go to church because it helps me to make friends.
8 I go to church mostly to spend time with my friends.
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CURRICULM VITAE
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary Education
Don Vicente Rama Memorial Elementary School
39
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary Education
Bulangsuran, Elementary, School
Bulangsuran, Samboan,
40
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary Education
Bulangsuran, Elementary, School
Bulangsuran, Samboan, Cebu
41
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : Althea G. Godinez
Home Address : Zone 6 San Pio Village Dumlog Talisay
Birthday : May 09, 2000
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu- Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary School
Bagong Lipunan Elementary School
Juan Luna Avenue Mabolo Cebu City
42
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary Education
Little Angles Montessori School of Cebu- Punta Princessa
43
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary Education
Subangdaku Elementary School
Subangdaku, Mandaue City
44
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu-Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary Education
Talisay City Central School
45
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : Ace Mark G. Viagedor
Home Address : 18-E General Lorega, Gastardo
Compound
Birthday : October 06, 2000
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
Elementary School
Masbate Southeastern Institute
46
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Name : Jurvin Zapanta
Home Address : 3B Modesta St. Brgy Guadalupe
Birthday : January 30, 2001
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School
University of Cebu- Senior High School Campus
J. Alcantara St, Cebu City
Elementary School
Guihulngan National High School – Poblacion