Exp 4: Recrystallization

Objectives:
To compare the sizes of the crystals in slow and rapid crystallization

Determine the melting points of the crude and recrystallized benzoic acid, the weight of
the latter material, and calculate your percent recovery using the following equation.

Definition of Terms:
Crystallization: is also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass
transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs.
Solubility: a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the
solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
Solution:
Impurity: - a thing or constituent that impairs the purity of something.

Theory:

Low solubility at low temperatures minimizes the amount of purified compound that will
lose during recrystallization.
The amount of solute that can be dissolved by a solvent increases with temperature.
Compounds, which are less soluble, will crystallize first.

Discussion of results:

The products of chemical reactions can be impure. Purification of your products must be
performed to remove by-products and impurities. Recrystallization is a method of
purifying a solid. There are two types of impurities: those more soluble in a given solvent
than the main component and those less soluble. The most basic technique for the
purification of organic solids is recrystallization, which relies on the different solubility
of solutes in a solvent. As we

Compounds, which are less soluble, will crystallize first. The crystallization process itself
helps in the purification because as the crystals form, they select the correct molecules,
which fit into the crystal lattice and ignore the wrong molecules. This is of course not a
perfect process, but it does increase the purity of the final product. As we divide the
filtrate into two equal parts. The part that was covered with watch glass has slower
crystallization while in the part that was placed in the beaker in an ice-water mixture has
faster crystallization. This means that temperature affects the formation of crystals during
recrystallization. Also, In rapid
crystallization, the crystals are
smaller in terms of size because it was stirred rapidly making
the contents not compact while in slow crystallization, the
crystals are bigger because it took its time to crystallize.
Conclusion:
In rapid crystallization, the crystals are smaller in terms of size while in slow
crystallization; the crystals are bigger in terms of size. The solubility of a substance
and the temperature affects crystallization.

Low solubility at low temperatures minimizes the amount of

purified compound that will lose during recrystallization.
Compounds, which are less soluble, will crystallize first. The
crystallization process itself helps in the purification because as the
crystals form, they select the correct molecules, which fit into the
crystal lattice and ignore the wrong molecules. This is of course
not a perfect process, but it does increase the purity of the final
product. As we divide the filtrate into two equal parts. The part that
was covered with watch glass has slower crystallization while in
the part that was placed in the beaker in an ice-water mixture has
faster crystallization. This means that temperature affects the
formation of crystals during recrystallization. In rapid
crystallization, the crystals are smaller in terms of size because
it was stirred rapidly making the contents not compact while in
slow crystallization, the crystals are bigger because it took its
time to crystallize. The solubility of a substance and the
temperature affects crystallization.