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Volume VII Issue 05 Contents October 2010 Page
Editorial 02
Let Us Reach Out to Special Children – Priscilla Samuel
And Their Parents Too! Prof Visvesvaran P K 03
Reaching the Unreached –
The Need of the Hour Mangaleswaran R 05
Networking and Fatima Jessy M
Re-bonding with Families Dr Kalaimathi A 08
Children of Migrant Workers Sylvia Daisy A 12
Reaching Students of North Chennai Gnanasekar M
Dr Kalaiyarasan G
Dr Chandramohan C 14
Trafficking of Girl Children – Reaching Premalatha M
through Professional Intervention Dr Paranjothi
Ramalingam J 22
From “Yes, We Can” to “I am No Different”:
Let’s Rope in Technology Sailaxmi Gandhi 29
Focus: Reaching the Unreached
Hony. Special Editor: Dr Emmanuel Janagan J,
Principal, Kumbhalkar Collehge of Social Work,
Nagpur, 440018
. Social Work,
Journal of School
8 (New 14), Sridevi Colony, Seventh Avenue,
Ashok Nagar, Chennai 600 083
Mobile: 98406 02325 E-mail: jssw.india@gmail.com
Note: Views expressed by the contributors are not necessarily the official view of the Journal.
October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 01
Editorial Every Child Counts Focus Let Us Reach Out to
Several issues of ‘social’ distance – widespread and multiple in nature. Special Children – And Their Parents Too!
arising out of caste, class and gender These violations are various, ranging Priscilla Samuel *
differences – deny children equal from child labour, child trafficking, to as told to Visvesvaran P K**
opportunities (UNICEF). Child health commercial sexual exploitation and *Priscilla Samuel, Lecturer, Dept. of Social Work, Madras Christian College,
has become a serious issue many other forms of violence and Tambaram.
nowadays to them. Child malnutrition abuse (UNICEF). ** Prof Visvesvaran P K, Honorary Editorial Consultant, JSSW.
is the biggest challenge our country The intensity of child labour is visibly Introduction I contacted the mother over the
is facing today, even when the seen in the railway platforms and I perform the role of a school social phone and invited her to visit me at
economy is surging ahead. Every teashops. The recent Nithari case worker in a school close to my my MCC office which she did after
second child under three in the has highlighted the plight of children college. It is a rewarding experience a few days along with Divya.
country is malnourished. Although of migrant workers. According to a because, among other things, there As I was talking to the mother, I let
the parents would make sure that the recent study, 378 of the 593 districts is no dearth of surprising and the girl play games on the office
children are nourished in a hygienic in India are affected by human interesting events and people to computer with which she seemed to
atmosphere, right from their birth, the trafficking, the children being the engage your attention all the time. be already familiar and which she
little ones are often affected by one worst affected. India has the largest Divya, the slow learner seemed to enjoy doing. The mother
health problem or the other. There number of street children in the Divya (not her real name) is 14 years said that she wanted the girl to
are children who live without basic world. Children living in the rural and old and belongs to a lower middle continue her studies in the regular
facilities such as food, shelter, remote tribal villages are worst income family. The parents are school even if she was lagging
education and health in remote areas affected when compared with the graduates; are both working and behind others.
of our country. One-fifth of children facilities available for children in earning moderate salaries. While the Referral
aged 6 to14 are still not in school. urban centers . mother and the two children live Later I arranged for testing the girl‘s
Children who form 42% of Indian It is the primary responsibility of every here, the father works elsewhere and IQ by a qualified psychologist who
population are at risk on the streets, social worker to come forward to comes home during the weekends. certified that her mental age was two
at their workplaces and even inside work towards the welfare of these Divya was in the 8th standard when years behind her chronological age.
their own homes. Children’s unreached children and expand her case was referred to me by the I explained this to the mother who
vulnerabilities and exposure to coverage of services to everyone of class teacher who said that she was couldn‘t accept the idea of
violations of their rights remain them. an extremely slow learner and could transferring her to a special school.
Send your e-mail ID to jssw.india@gmail.com and on request you will be not keep pace with the rest of the She was afraid that this would affect
included in the group mail from where you can download many freewares, get class. I spoke to the girl who her performance for the worse. I
information periodically about professional journals, seminars, conferences and sensed that her real fear was stigma.
workshops organized in various parts of India starting from college level to
appeared to be happy and lively but
International events. unresponsive. I realized that the mother needed
02 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 03
counseling to accept the reality
situation. As Ingalls (1) has pointed
out, parents‘ acceptance of the
special child depends on their
understanding of the nature of
mental retardation. I propose to
explain the facts to the parents in
detail.
On the plus side, as I already said,
the girl was computer- savvy to the
extent of being able to play games
rather well. The mother also said that
the girl was fond of - indeed she
had a flair for - dancing which she
was practising on her own everyday.
The mother felt that if the girl could
be transferred to the school in which
she herself was employed as a
member of the non-teaching staff,
she could keep an eye on the girl and
that might improve her performance.
I told her that there was no harm in
such a shift but I insisted that dancing
lessons may be arranged for the girl.
The mother complied after some
initial hesitation.
I also suggested that the girl‘s
interest in the computer should be
Reference:
1. Ingalls, Robert P (1978): Mental Retardation, John Wiley and Sons, NY.
p. 324
2. Ibid, p. 344
04 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK
kept alive.
What the girl probably needs is a
curriculum with less stress on the
traditional academic subjects and
more emphasis on very practical,
applied skills such as how to get and
keep a job (2).
Conclusion
It would be difficult to say in the
absence of a social worker how soon
or how late the testing and all other
help would have become available
to this family. However, my casework
with them has progressed to the
extent of identifying the girl‘s special
needs and interests and helping the
mother give her the needed
experience and encouragement.
My long-term aim is to help the
parents accept the girl‘s real need
which may be get ting admitted in a
special school which may be able to
provide her tailor-made instruction to
suit her special needs.
It is going to take more time and
effort. Perhaps that‘s what school
social work is all about. It is worth
giving it a try, anyway.
October 2010
Focus Reaching the Unreached –
The Need of the Hour
Mangaleswaran R*
*Mangaleswaran R, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work,
Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-23. email.id:eeswaran2010@gmail.com
Introduction and AIDS, malaria and other
Who are unreached in the country
diseases, ensure environmental
or this universe? Is it the fault of the
sustainability and finally to develop
individuals or the society or the
a global partnership for development.
government? Let us make a self-
There are several international and
examination as to whose fault it is.
national agencies working to uplift
The right time has come to speak on
the poor and downtrodden.
these issues. Though we talk about
Unleashing the potentials of the
many issues across the world, is the
young minds becomes mandatory to
layman aware of all developments
uproot them and work along with
that take place? Let us discuss
them for making society healthy and
concrete measures to tackle this.
live upto to the expectations for the
What we need to know wellbeing of community. All
Many developments have taken developments have to be made
place in this decade. To be specific,
available to the children right from
the Millennium Development Goals,
their early days of life. It is mandatory
adopted by the world leaders, for all of them to realize the present
promised to “free all men, women,
situation of the country and the reality
and children from abject and behind each and every development
dehumanizing conditions of extreme
and their demerits. It is painful to note
poverty”. The eight Millenniumthat even after 63 years of
Development Goals are to eradicate
Independence people are reeling
extreme poverty and hunger, achieve
under poverty. There abound other
universal primary education, promote
issues such as illiteracy,
gender equality and empower unemployment, access to general
women, reduce child mortality,health and to education as the
improve maternal health, combat HIV
hospital/ school is situated far off
Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 05
from their place of dwelling. Recently, teachers are builders of young parents join together in helping a part of discussion in Children’s
the Right to Education Act (RTE) minds. They hold the responsibility students to cater to the needs of the Parliament. The school mapping as
was passed by the Indian parliament to build the right attitude in the tender rural population rather than thinking a process creates a sense of social
which describes the modalities of the minds. about the development of self alone. responsibility among the community
provision of free and compulsory Need to change the young minds Make them feel that the changes are members to ensure the universal
education for children between 6 and We are at the right time to instil the inevitable in human life. Prepare the participation of children in making
14 in India under Article 21A of the young minds of our nations’ situation. minds of young one. Once such primary education a reality.
Indian Constitution. India has It becomes mandatory that all the thoughts are inculcated in them in Conclusion
become one among 135 countries to students understand the felt needs tender minds it would be easy for all A great vision to transform
make education a fundamental right of the rural mass. “Just as the whole to change the society as a whole. communities by touching lives with
of every child when the act came into universe is contained in the Self, so Children’s Parliament love and dignity is the need of the
force on 1 April 2010. The right time is India contained in the villages,” The vision and mission of the society hour to reach the unreached. An
for all to rise up to the occasion and said Mahatma Gandhi, father of our can be imparted through children’s equal and sound educational policy
kindle the young one’s mind to realize nation and the visionary architect of parliament. This concept is received and planning in transforming the
the importance of education India’s rural development well in the southern part of India. educational exclusion into inclusive
irrespective of religion, caste and programme. The villages epitomize Certainly this has to reach each and education is required for the
creed has arrived. the soul of India. Although poverty is every corner of the society and only wellbeing of the society. Finally, all
Enkindle the young minds a major barrier to children’s access then we can reach the unreached. the students shall be made
There are several statistics before us to education, there are several other New strategies can be evolved when compulsorily aware of situations
portraying the situation of poverty, factors that influence the education students think independently. The prevailing in our country, thereby
education and living conditions. But system. In recent years, the facilitator can help children to paving way to enhancement of
many of the people who are living government has understood that the reframe and transform the present knowledge and to reach the
below poverty line are totally dark focus on quantitative increase in situation. The school mapping can be unreached.
about many issues and educational services, such as References:
development. Is it the duty of the building schools, has often been at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001175/117580e.pdf accessed on 11-09-
2010
teacher or government or non- the cost of quality, which significantly http://www.undg-policynet.org/ext/MDG-Good-Practices/mdg2/MDG2A_ Asia_
governmental agencies to bring it to affects both the retention and and_the_Pacific_Reaching_the_Unreached.pdf accessed on 11-09-2010.
the notice of the ordinary people? It transition rates of students, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_ Right_ of_ Children_ to_ Free_ and_
is a collective action and every citizen involves a reduction in pupil–teacher Compulsory_Education_Act accessed on 16-09-2010.
of the country has a crucial role in ratios and an increase in teaching
Have you subscribed to JOURNAL OF SCHOOL SOCIAL
rekindling the minds of people hours (World Bank, 2008).
WORK? It is the only ISSN journal for school social work
especially the young ones. The It is important that teachers and
professionals in India.
06 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 07
Focus Networking and Re-bonding with Families Networking any response. By networking with
Fatima Jessy M* With the networking of like-minded
the non-governmental rehabilitation
Kalaimathi A** non-governmental rehabilitation
centre of that state the relatives were
*Fatima Jessy M, Social Welfare Officer, Institute of Mental Health, Chennai - centre in another state, the mental
located and she was taken back
600010. health social worker helped to reunite
home. Her husband had in the
**Dr Kalaimathi A, Professor and Director i/c, Mother Teresa Women’s the improved mentally ill with their
mean time had married another
University, Kodaikanal.
families based on the scanty woman. It gave her a rude shock.
Introduction Recovery phase
information elicited with muchHer elder brother, who lived nearby,
The unreached are many. The rural After recovery, the treated persons
difficulty. But some of the families
also declined to accept her as his
poor, the socially backward, the slowly regain their lost skills; most of
do not fulfil their responsibility of
wife and children will not like the
oppressed and those who were them like to reengage in life, go back
providing the needed care to their
patient living in their home. The lady
abandoned by their own family. to their families to reunite with their
own family members. They just was taken to her town of domicile and
Family as the primary social kith and kin and also they start
refuse to accept the mentally ill
even to her own husband and
institution fulfils various requirements developing a sense of purpose.
person even after improvement. This
relatives. But facing the stonewall
of its members. But when a family Depending on the length of ‘stay-
is more so in the case of women as
of resistance, the disowned patient
considers the mentally ill members away’ from home and their own
can be seen from the following true
was adopted by the same
as embarrassment and something literacy level, many of them can give
story. rehabilitation home which gives all
to be swept under the carpet, they their clear postal address, the route
A case vignette the needed care for her wellbeing.
are abandoned and left to fend for and even the landmarks to reach
A 32 years old female from Uttar
The unreached could only be
themselves resulting in undesirable their homes of origin. Some of them
Pradesh developed mental illness
provided succour and not total
situations like beggary, vagrancy have only very vague details and
afew years after marriage. rehabilitation.
and at times exploitation by the most of the landmarks having
Incidentally she had no issues nor Some happy reunions
antisocial elements. Such changed with time locating their
parents. Uncared by her relatives
It is not the case with all. Out of 33
abandoned mentally ill aimlessly homes is rendered difficult. But the
she wandered away from her home
recovered mentally ill persons sent
wander on roads unaware of even case of those who have wandered
and ended up in Chennai. Afterfor reunion, with the help of the NGO
self-care. A lucky few among the from different linguistic region or
treatment she had recovered and
the Social Workers were able to
aimless wanderers end in mental states is pathetic. They are not able
expressed her desire to go back to
educate and reunite 30 patients.
hospitals where they are treated for to give any information beyond their
her home to see her husband. Three persons were totally forsaken
psychological stabilization and names, the names of a few people
Luckily she remembered her postal
by their family members and hence
returned to the society. This article and their native place little realizing
address. Letters were sent to the
were adopted by the same
deals with the efforts of mental health that the name of a district is not
address given by her, requesting her
rehabilitation centre for further care
professionals to get them totally sufficient to locate their place of
husband to take her home, without
and support. In follow-up, all reunited
integrated into their homes of origin. domicile.
08 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 09
patients are keeping well with regular psychosocial milieu, has a significant of the hour. Effective community the mentally ill, we tend to forget the
medication and attending some odd role in rehabilitation of chronic mental health programmes give the enormity of caregivers’ problems and
jobs in the nearby places. mentally ill people. In developing necessary know-how and adequate hence adequate information and
Role of familycaregivers countries, caregivers have a major guidance to the family members and support have to be extended to them.
There is an emphasis, worldwide, to role to play in re-socialization, voluntary agencies for effortlessly Conclusion
reduce the psychiatric hospital beds vocational and social skills training taking care of the recovered All mental health professionals such
and admission into mental hospitals. of the patient, not only because of individuals. Family intervention as the psychiatrist, psychologist,
In India too, mental health facilities close family ties that exist in these should focus on expanding training psychiatric social worker and
have increased but family care for traditional societies, but also due to to patients and key relatives about psychiatric nurse need to work in a
mentally ill has diminished. It is the pausity of rehabilitation services. wellness recovery, skills training, and multidisciplinary team approach to
role of psychiatric social workers to Future necessities task sharing of household and self- secure the involvement of family
highlight the importance of family A mentally ill person may require a care chores. An improvement in caregivers in treatment and
care by reducing their period of hospitalization. After these areas is likely to improve the rehabilitation programmes through
apprehensions by making available recovery he can return to the quality of life of people with mental proactive measures. It is the
accessible and affordable medical community. But he needs support illness and their integration into their responsibility of psychiatric social
treatments locally. to learn to readapt to the society. He families. Researchers recommend workers to emphasize on psycho-
Role of family members may require some change in his life that in addition to focusing on the social issues related to reunion with
The major obstacle in the treatment style for adaptation like skills such symptoms of patients, more families and provide their service.
of mentally ill is non-adherence to as self-care skills, social skills, life attention needs to be given to the Unless the recovered are reunited
therapeutic regimen and it could skills and vocational training, based mental health and wellbeing of family with their families the benefit of
easily be improved if the family on limitations imposed by the illness. caregivers also. In our zest to treat recovery will remain unreached.
caregivers are educated on: But all these cannot be done within
References:
àRegular follow-up. the hospital setting. A transitional
Chandrashekar CR, Parthasarathy R (2005): Community Psychiatry. Essentials
àRegular medication of patients. residence facility is needed, which
of Postgraduate Psychiatry. In: Vyas JN, Nathawat SS, Gada M, Razdan VK,
àSupervision of drug intake. would help these people to move
Editors. Paras Medical Publisher, Hyderabad. p. 2375-83.
àRelapse reduction. seamlessly from hospital to the
Liberman RP, Phipps CC (1987): Innovative Treatment and Rehabilitation
àRehabilitation. community. After acquiring the Techniques for the Chronically Mentally Ill. In: Menninger WW, Hannah GT,
àFamily caregivers’ co-operation in adaptation skills in a sheltered editors. Chronic Mental Patient. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
treatment and rehabilitation. condition, they could be referred for Leggatt M (2002): Families and Mental Health Workers: The need for Partnership.
Thus only a family can help in employment in the general pool too. World Psychiatry 2002;1:52-4.
recovery and retention of recovery. The non-institutional community The World Health Report (2001): Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope.
Family, being the most immediate based mental health care is the need World Health Organisation, Geneva. Pp 8-13
10 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 11
Focus Children of Migrant Workers technologically expanding India is but a result of lopsided development
Sylvia Daisy A* spoiled by the miserable working and that we witness in this era of
*Sylvia Daisy A, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, (SFS) Madras living conditions of 77% of our globalization.
Christian College, Tambaram-600059 population who are poor and Conclusion
Introduction enrollment rate at primary schools is vulnerable (The National The government should undertake a
Children in India are ensured the 88% in 2002 (UNESCO 2006). Only Commission for Enterprises in the coordinated approach for prevention,
Right to equality (Art. 14 and 15), 61% continue schooling by the time Unorganised Sector 2007). rescue, care, treatment and
Prohibition of discrimination (Art .17), they reach age 10. Dropout rate is The plight of children rehabilitation strategies.
Right to freedom (Art. 19), and Right 39%. A segment of Indian child The children of migrant workers àThe civic agencies need to help
to education (Art. 21) and Right population, the children of migrant become victims of the nomadic life such children to develop to their full
against exploitation (Art. 23 and 24) workers, is deprived of fundamental they lead. The children are not safe potential by running transit schools
supported by the Indian Constitution rights to equality, education, health, in the tents when parents are away and creating awareness among
and United Nations Convention on freedom and protection from at their workplace. As workers often parents on child rights.
Rights of the Child. It has been discrimination and exploitation. change construction sites, families àDistrict educational departments
predicted that India will have the Who are migrant workers? are highly mobile and, as a result, could support the civic agencies or
largest manpower by 2016 as the The term “migrant worker” refers to children are left out of the regular schools in locality to run transit
youth population then would be 51%. a person who is engaged in a schools. Frequently, as both parents schools or find an alternative means
It is expected that India will shine due remunerated activity in a State of are engaged in construction, younger of educating them under the Sarva
to the massive manpower. Many which he or she is not a national - children are left on-site to tend for Shiksha Abiyan.
legislations and programmes like the UN Convention on the Protection of themselves. Older girls are often à District health centers could
Sarva Shiksha Abiyan promise the Rights of All Migrant Workers and forced to drop out of school to take ensure their health checkups and
universal enrolment of children in Members of their Families. The term care of their siblings. At times these immunization .
school at primary level and the can also be used to describe children engaged in casual labour. àEvery citizen with a sense of
National Rural Health Mission has someone who migrates within a Education, health checkups and social accountability could protect
the objective of 100% coverage in country, possibly their own, in order immunization are out of reach for educational and health rights of the
immunization. All these show the to pursue work such as seasonal these children. This is not their fate children of migrant workers.
keen interest of government in work. The construction industry is a References:
Murli Desai, (2005): Towards a Rights Based Approach to Child Protection.
making the future generation key employer for many of India’s
Rajagiri Journal of Social Development
educated and healthy. internal migrants. The migrants Sreedhar M V (2002): Reaching the Unreached, Manushi volume 111
Inspite of all these constitutional come from across India to work long Ruddar Datt K P M and Sundaram Datt (2009): Indian Economy, S. Chand and
provisions, legislations and hours in return for little pay and few, Company Limited.
programmes, in reality, the net if any, benefits. This picture of Wikipedia the freeencyclopedia
12 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 13
Focus Reaching Students of North Chennai Objectives of the study 16 primary personality factors
Gnanasekar M* à To find out if there is anyThe following sixteen primary factors
Kalaiyarasan G** qualitative difference in the science
were analyzed by the tool 16PF.
Chandramohan C*** students of Govt. Aided School and
Factor-A:Interpersonal relationship.
*Gnana Sekar M, Ph D Scholar in Education, Alagappa University and PG Matriculation School in terms of
Factor-B:Thinking and intelligence
Teacher, St. Gabriel’s Higher Secondary School, Broadway, Chennai-600108. personality factors. Factor-C:Emotional stability.
**Dr Kalaiyarasan G, Associate Professor in Education, Alagappa University, àTo compare the personality profile
Factor-E: Assertiveness.
Karaikkudi-630 003. of boys with girls to find out if there
Factor-F:Spontaneity.
***Dr Chandramohan C, Associate Professor of Psychology and Clinical
Psychology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, IAF, Vimanapura (Post), Bengaluru
exist any gender difference onFactor-G:Moralistic rule bound
– 560017. personality traits. characters.
Introduction in some nook or cranny can be à To find ways to promote Factor-H:Stress coping skills.
The new century and millennium reached and helped to overcome students’ academic performance by
Factor-I: Mental sensitivity.
have opened with the world their self-restricting personality traits. improving their personality levels.
Factor-M:Pragmatism.
experiencing serious divides – Personality defined Materials and methods Factor-N: Open mindedness.
demographic, economic, gender, Eysenck(1967) considered à The sample consisted of 200 Factor-O: Guilt factors.
genetic and digital. The rural-urban personality as the relatively students studying eleventh Factor-Q1: Traditional.
divide in education is glaringly permanent and firmly set patterns of standard in different schools in
Factor-Q2: Team spirit.
obvious. The rural students have to behaviour, habits and tendencies North Chennai. Factor-Q3: Etiquette.
walk long to reach their schools and which a person has developed àAll are science students and with
Factor-Q4: Drive.
the schools lack many facilities which throughout his life on the basis of his English as medium of instruction.
Using the scores obtained above the
are taken for granted in the urban heredity and in response to the Equal number of boys and girls (50)
following second order factors were
schools such as toilets. But how rewards and punishments which he were chosen from government assessed:
many of us know that among urban has received throughout his life. aided schools and matriculation
(i)Extroversion
schools also a divide can exist Person who is having a well schools. (ii)Anxiety
between the students of aided developed personality can perform àThe schools selected are from(iii)Tough poise
schools and matriculation schools in well in any task he attempts. Hence, same type of area and almost with
(iv)Independence
North Chennai? developing personality factors are similar environmental conditions.
(v)Self-control
This study was conducted with the very important for students’ Family background of the students
(vi)Adjustment
view that if the students are provided achievement in future. A factor also almost same. (vii)Leadership
with opportunities to improve their analysis study was conducted in àThe sample was administered (viii)Creativity
personality through special efforts, selected schools to identity the with 16PF Form C. This test has
Tables1 to 5 are appended in the
even the unreached urban children personality traits of students. been developed by Catt ell (3-5)
following pages:
14 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 15
 Table-1 Table-2
Comparison of Mean and SD, S-Sten Scores of Comparison of Mean and SD, S-Sten Scores of
Boys and Girls of Aided Schools (N=50) Boys and Girls of Matric Schools (N=50)
Boys Girls Boys Girls
16 PF 16 PF
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
A 6.5 2.1 5.9 2.0 A 6.4 1.6 5.5 2.2
B 4.0 1.3 3.5 1.3 B 3.6 1.4 3.1 1.3
C 4.6 1.9 4.6 1.8 C 5.1 2.1 4.6 1.8
E 6.7 1.7 7.6 1.4 E 5.9 1.9 7.2 1.8
F 5.1 1.8 4.7 1.8 F 5.9 2.1 5.3 1.7
G 5.7 1.8 5.1 2.0 G 6.6 2.0 5.8 2.0
H 4.6 1.6 6.1 1.8 H 5.2 1.9 5.4 1.6
I 6.2 1.6 5.5 1.4 I 5.9 1.6 4.7 1.5
L 6.0 1.8 6.1 2.1 L 6.1 2.2 5.4 2.1
M 6.4 2.1 4.8 2.1 M 5.9 2.0 4.8 1.8
N 6.0 2.1 5.4 1.7 N 5.7 1.9 5.6 1.9
O 7.3 1.2 6.8 2.0 O 6.7 1.6 5.8 1.7
Q1 4.9 2.0 7.3 1.7 Q1 6.2 2.2 7.1 1.8
Q2 5.2 1.3 6.0 1.5 Q2 5.1 1.8 5.8 1.5
Q3 3.5 1.6 3.6 1.8 Q3 4.2 1.8 4.5 1.8
Q4 6.1 1.9 5.7 2.0 Q4 5.7 2.1 5.0 2.0
Results and discussion order factors these following difference in extroversion. and girls require training in coping
For ease of analysis, sixteen primary conclusions were drawn: Anxiety level with their anxiety and stress.
factors are brought under eight Extroversion It explains the level of stress and Tough poise
second order factors such as It explains the openness and anxiety of students. It is observed Tough poise expresses the self-
extroversion, anxiety, tough poise, expressive characters. It is observed that aided school boys and girls have confidence level of students. Both
independence, self-control, that aided and matric boys have very high (7.0) anxiety level and aided and matric boys have average
adjustment, leadership and creativity secured a sten score of 6.0, which matric school boys have very low level of tough poise where as girls
are the secondary personality factors indicates average extrovert nature. anxiety level, where as girls of matric have very high level of tough poise.
obtained from primary factors. From Girls of aided and matric also have school have average level of anxiety. They need to improve their
the values obtained from the second scored at the average level indicating This indicates that aided school boys relationship and friendliness.
that there was no significant
16 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 17
 Table-3 Table-4
Comparison of Mean and SD, S-Sten Scores of Comparison of Mean and SD, S-Sten Scores of
Boys of Aided and Matric Schools (N=50) Girls of Aided and Matric Schools (N=50)
Aided School Matric School Aided School Matric School
16 PF 16 PF
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
A 6.5 2.1 6.4 1.6 A 5.9 2.0 5.5 2.2
B 4.0 1.3 3.6 1.4 B 3.5 1.3 3.1 1.3
C 4.6 1.9 5.1 2.1 C 4.6 1.8 4.6 1.8
E 6.7 1.7 5.9 1.9 E 7.6 1.4 7.2 1.8
F 5.1 1.8 5.9 2.1 F 4.7 1.8 5.3 1.7
G 5.7 1.8 6.6 2.0 G 5.1 2.0 5.8 2.0
H 4.6 1.6 5.2 1.9 H 6.1 1.8 5.4 1.6
I 6.2 1.6 5.9 1.6 I 5.5 1.4 4.7 1.5
L 6.0 1.8 6.1 2.2 L 6.1 2.1 5.4 2.1
M 6.4 2.1 5.9 2.0 M 4.8 2.1 4.8 1.8
N 6.0 2.1 5.7 1.9 N 5.4 1.7 5.6 1.9
O 7.3 1.2 6.7 1.6 O 6.8 2.0 5.8 1.7
Q1 4.9 2.0 6.2 2.2 Q1 7.3 1.7 7.1 1.8
Q2 5.2 1.3 5.1 1.8 Q2 6.0 1.5 5.8 1.5
Q3 3.5 1.6 4.2 1.8 Q3 3.6 1.8 4.5 1.8
Q4 6.1 1.9 5.7 2.1 Q4 5.7 2.0 5.0 2.0
Independence Self-control pattern) and a better self-control. and girls. Girls are having move
Freedom levels of the students is Aided school students scored Adjustment adjustment level than boys.
average for aided and matric school average, matric school students All students exhibit high level of Leadership
boys. There is a significant exhibit very low (3.8) self-control. adjustment but among them Aided Aided school boys score low in
difference among girls of aided and There is a significant difference and matric school girls have better leadership traits, indicating training
matric school, both of them are have among aided (4.0) and matric school adjustment scores in that order and in leadership for them. Where as the
very high independent nature which (2.9) girls, showing low self-control. their adjustment scores are aided school girls fair better than the
indicates that freedom of thought is This is contrary to the popular belief significantly better than the boys of boys, they still score less than matric
more gender based and not school that economically better person has the same schools. There is a boys and girls among whom the girls
based. a higher DGP (deferred gratification significant difference between boys score slightly better than the boys. It
18 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 19
 Table-5 creative potential and level of self- in schools. This club can facilitate
Comparison of Sten scores in Second Order Factors of confidence. personality growth and development.
Boys and Girls of Aided and Matric Schools (N=50) àStudents should be motivated to Such cells or clubs can be started
Aided School Matric School take up yoga and meditation and guided by teachers trained in
Second order factors Boys Girls Boys Girls everyday as these are considered psychology. These clubs can
as very effective stress-busters. enhance their emotional intelligence
5.5 5.45 6.0 5.3
Extroversion To develop all the factors under one and thereby pave way for a balanced
6.9 6.5 3.9 5.8
Anxiety roof, students need personality academic enrichment and emotional
5.5 6.7 6.0 7.2
Tough poise development cell or club organized enhancement.
5.4 7.1 5.5 6.6
Independence References:
5.1 4.1 3.8 2.9 Karson S, Pool KB (1958): Second Order Factors in personality measurement. J.
Self-control
8.3 10.0 9.8 10.6 Consult. Psychol.
Adjustment
4.2 4.7 5 5.4 Cattell, RB (1950): Personality: a systematic theoretical and factual study, McGraw
Leadership Hill.
0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.9
Creativity Cattell RB,Eber HW,Tatsuoka MM.(1970): Handbook for the 16PF.Institute for
Personality and Ability Testing (IPAT), Champaign, 11.
Sten score: 0-4 Very low 5-7 Average 7-10 Very high Institute for Personality and Ability Testing (IPAT) (1972): Norms for the Forms
is indicative of the average level of children. C and D (tabular supplement no.2).
leadership traits among the students Conclusion Sharma S P(2002): Youngster’s Guide for Personality Development, Pustak Mahal,
of North Chennai. àStudents are in need of more self- Delhi.
Jane Sherrod Singer, Frank S. Caprio, P. Carbone (1996): Let’s Get Quizzical!
Creativity development programmes to enrich Teenagers. Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
It is very pathetic to see all students their self-esteem, independence Jane Sherrod Singer, Roz Ashley (1996): Let’s get quizzical! Personality. Sterling
of both matric and aided schools and friendliness among themselves. Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
scoring very low in creativity and also àStudents must be motivated to
Correction Slip
having negative scores. This take more responsibility as leaders
September 2010 Issue of JSSW
indicates the lack of extra-curricular in voluntary activities like JRC, NSS,
Page For Read
activities and least priority shown for NCC, Scouts and Guides to
20 reading particular chapter reading a particular chapter
creative activities in North Chennai enhance their leadership qualities,
20 the purpose of reading. the purpose of reading?
schools as a whole. As creativity is adjustment abilities and self-control.
20 material many connectives material to many connective
also positively linked to problem àStudents need to be exposed to
32 power free, two-way power- free, two-way
solving and coping skills, the scores various programmes such as quiz,
~PKV
indicate that drastic steps have to be exhibitions, competitions and
taken to boost the creativity of these cultural events to increase their
20 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 21
Focus Trafficking of Girl Children –
Reaching through Professional Intervention
Premalatha M*
Paranjothi Ramalingam J**
*Premalatha M, Lecturer, Department of Social Work, Karpagam University,
Coimbatore -21
** Dr Paranjothi Ramalingam J, Professor and Head, Department of Social
Work, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, CBE
Introduction
The status of girl children in India
reflects serious gender biased
differences, inequalities and
discriminations. Our society is
structured in such a way that
dominations are reinforced by the
cultural norms, poverty, feudal
values, caste and religion. For
centuries, girls have been neglected
and considered a burden and both
economic and moral liability, on
parents. Mita Bhadra (1999) says
that the girls are discriminated in
education, clothing, nutrition, health
care and general upbringing; it is
followed by almost all Indians
irrespective of caste and community.
There are always neglect, threat and
indifference towards the survival of
girl child in India. They are the victims
of various kinds of socio economic
and sexual exploitations including
violence, rape, child prostitution and
22 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK
child trafficking.
It is estimated that 1.20 crore girls
are born in India every year. One
fourth of them die before their
fifteenth birthday because of female
infanticide, malnutrition, deficit and
discrimination in health care,
maternal mortality and as victims of
rape and molestation. ( Mita Batra,
1999)
Trafficking defined
Childhood, the development phase
linking infancy and adulthood, often
outlined as the multihued and
speckled episode in one’s life turns
out to be an enduring trauma in the
lives of the girl children who become
the victims of trafficking. Child
trafficking is buying, selling, or
stealing children for personal gain.
In the words of Mukeherjee (1999)
trafficking refers as to transportation
of girls / women by road /rail or other
means of transport for monetary
October 2010
consideration of persons engaged in
in 2004, as many as, 2265 cases of
trafficking. Purpose of trafficking may
kidnapping and abduction of children
be twofold: that qualify as forms of trafficking
a) Flesh trade were reported to the police out of this
b) Marriage. 1,593 cases were of kidnapping for
And the author further describes the
marriage, 414 were for illicit
trafficking necessarily involves:
intercourse, 92 for unlawful activity,
a) Presence of procurers. 101 for prostitution , 16 for slavery, 1
b) Potential buyers of girls / women
for selling body parts, 15 for
who are motivated by economic
adoption, 13 for sale and 20 for
gain. begging. In 3 percent of these cases
c) Non-involvement of the victims
the victims were children below 10
(girls / women ) in the exercise.
years, In 24.59 percent the victims
c) Induction of women, in many
were children aged 11-15 years, In
cases, into flesh trade. 72.41 percent the victims were
Office of Drugs Control and Crime
children aged 16-18 years, every
Prevention (ODCCP) of UN defines
year on average 22,480 women and
child trafficking as ‘the recruitment,
44,476 children are reported missing
transportation, transfer, harbouring
in India, out of these, an average of
or receipt of persons, by means of
5,452 women and 11,008 children
threat or use of force or other forms
remain untraced.
of coercion, of abduction, of fraud,
Indian girl children are trafficked
of deception, of the abuse of power
mainly for commercial sexual
or of a position of vulnerability or of
exploitation and forced marriage.
the giving or receiving of payments
The report released by The National
or benefits to achieve the consent of
Commission of Women shows that
a person having control over another
60 per cent of the commercial sex
person, for the purpose of workers in India are children. Sexual
exploitation’. exploitation is also rife, with recent
research suggesting that there are
Extent of child trafficking
According to the report provided by
about 200,000 Bangladeshi children
the National Crime Records Bureau,
in the brothels of Pakistan and
Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 23
another 300,000 in the brothels of labour as factory workers, domestic affected belong to the backward
home to accept jobs elsewhere or the
India, where there are also tens of servants, beggars, and agriculture classes. India and Pakistan are the
girls themselves may leave home to
thousands of Nepalese children workers, and have been used as main destinations for children under
find work to help support their family
working in the commercial sex armed combatants by some terrorist 16 who are trafficked in South Asia.
back home. And in some cases,
business. Flesh trade, to thrive, and insurgent groups. In Southeast Some more shocking statistics parents unwittingly marry their
encourages trafficking. Traffickers in Asia, most trafficking victims are reveals that 25 per cent of daughters off to a trafficker.
India receive children from forced into prostitution, though others approximately 2.3 million sex A recent study reveals that, because
Bangladesh and Nepal, and send are trafficked for bonded labour, workers in India are minors. of a superstition that a virgin girl can
women and children to Middle East domestic work, forced marriages, rid a man of STDs, girls as young as
Reasons for child trafficking
nations. It is estimated that 200,000 adoptions, and more recently to work Trafficking girls is done mainly for the
10 years old are being trafficked.
Nepalese women and girls are for begging. In South Asia, the report abduction for flesh trade purpose
Virgin girls are considered a hot
trafficked to work as prostitutes said, children are being trafficked for because of involvement of big money
commodity to brothel owners and
worldwide and approximately 12,000 forced or bonded labour, as well as says Mukherjee (1999). The statistics
customers, and they are valued as
are trafficked to India each year. for camel jockeying, forced by National commission for Women,
two to three times the average
Internationally, trafficking in persons marriages and even the sale of money involved in prostitution is
“price.” To increase their profits,
is considered the third largest illegal organs. Child trafficking in South and about 200 crores. Many girls become
some brothel owners are known to
trade after drugs and arms, with an Southeast Asia is rising due to lax prey for the traffickers when they
offer the same girl out as a virgin
annual profit of $5-7 billion. enforcement and the inadequacy of move from family in search of several times, forcing these young
Exploited by parents laws established to fight it, says the attractive jobs they dream. It can also
girls to be raped up to 14 times per
Child prostitution is the worst form of International Labour Organization be understood that the forces like
day.
exploitation against the girl child. (ILO). Girls in rural India between 10 poverty, lack of education, Social factors
Sometimes the parents knowingly and 14 years of age work, on an unemployment, migration in search
The major social factors contributing
offer their daughters to sex average, nine hours a day and 315 of livelihood or desire for glamorous
to trafficking of girl children are the
traffickers. Among girl child days in a year, surviving on less jobs in big cities and globalization are
broken family leading to neglect of
prostitutes, abduction accounts for nutritional food and struggling some of the major causes for child
the girl children, ill treatment by family
40 per cent of them to force into this against various prejudices and trafficking. members, family members
profession, while 6 per cent becomes discrimination (Agrawal and Often, traffickers falsely promise
involvement in prostitution and their
prostitutes after rape and rejection Aggarwal, 1996 ). parents that their daughter will be
effort to induce the girls of the family
and 8 per cent are victims of incest According to the statistics of ICWO, taken to work at a factory. Sometimes
into prostitution, pressure from
after which they are abandoned by said between 700,000 and 4 million unaware of the traps of traffickers
parents for easy money, inability of
their family and relatives. people are trafficked annually and enticed by money, parents family members to arrange marriage
Children are subjected to forced worldwide. Over 60 per cent of the encourage their daughters to leave
in normal course due to poverty, sale
24 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 25
of girls by husband and in-laws, The psychological factors include the during the initial rape. After months
malnutrition, abuse, neglect, STDs,
ignorance and illiteracy of the girl attitude of the girls towards life, which of physical and emotional torture,
most notably HIV/AIDS, and
children, bad company and tends the traffickers easily approach isolation, and rape, the girls break
emotional breakdown. The average
neighbourhood, lack of sex the innocent girls. Attitude like desire down and fully submit to their new
life span for these young females is
education and influence of media, for physical pleasure, lure for money, life. Their lives as young girls with
only 30 years. And because of these
attraction for better life – job, craving to benefit by providing sexual bright futures fade. They are lost in
statistics, the traffickers are
marriage and other facilities. favour in terms of job etc., fun and a foreign land where they know no
constantly busy finding new
Apathetic attitude of police and pleasure and family’s dependence one, have no money, and cannotprospects to replace the ones they
administration may be viewed as a on the easy income of their daughter trust anyone. The girls trafficked may
lose to disease, death, and
considerable reason for the growth becomes major psychological develop the feeling of grief, anxiety,
maturation.
of child trafficking. reason for trafficking girls. Erosion of worries, humiliation, rejection, Professional intervention
The values sticking to our society like values is the significant factor leading nervousness, depression and Social workers have the prominent
that of gender preferences, son the girls to fall in the trap of traffickers. frustration. Social rejection, insult,
role to apply scientific methods,
preference, stigmas, prejudices and Effects of child trafficking isolation, being looked down etc are
strategies and skills in raising public
taboos attached to girl child, girl child Girl children, who are trafficked, the negative social impact which the
awareness, promotion of education
abuses, discrimination of girls in suffer from extreme and intolerable girls have to face even after been
as a preventive strategy,
education, foeticide and infanticide forms of exploitations like slavery, rescued from traffickers. strengthening partnerships and
etc indirectly contribute to the forced or compulsory labour Trafficking girls and involving them
cooperation of voluntary
growing cause of girl child trafficking including debt bondage, prostitution in sex trade leads to the adverse
organizations working for the
in India. and pornography. They are affected impact on their health. The girls suffer
prevention, rescue and welfare of the
The economic reasons include physically, mentally and socially in from aches and pains and various
trafficked children, establishing
improper living conditions of the girl addition to grudging them of their types of uterine infection. The
effective legal and penal support
child and their families which are childhood. children have to live in unhealthy and
system, demanding and enhancing
mainly due to unemployment and It’s shocking to know from the recent unhygienic living condition and the
government initiation for child
underemployment in family, poverty, studies that, after these young girls nature of work that they are involved
protection that can bring an end to
economic distress and displacement, are trafficked, they are sold into lead to serious health problems.
the inhuman practice of girl child
increasing craze to earn more money Indian brothels and immediately Often they suffer from vaginaltrafficking.
in short span, indebtedness, forced into submission by being gang injuries, which later creates problems
We can put our concern to improve
bondage, exploitation and raped, starved, locked in isolation, in conception, besides making them
the quality of services for care and
harassment of the employer drive the beaten, and forced to use drugs. If vulnerable to HIV / AIDS. protection of girl children in common.
girls become victim in the hands of the girls resist, they are beaten Unfortunately; most of the girls die
An emphasis on concern,
traffickers. further and often bound and gagged young or become extremely ill from
commitment and sensitivity of all
26 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 27
stakeholders including the NGOs, to people in general to challenge Focus From “Yes, We Can” to
police, the judiciary, social workers, trafficking girl children which are “I am No Different”: Let’s Rope in Technology
doctors, teachers and panchayat considered as an evil social practice Sailaxmi Gandhi*
members towards rescued children, that is deep rooted in our society. Dr. Sailaxmi Gandhi is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Nursing at
frequent judicial interventions, setting This crime may be brought to control NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka. e-mail: sailaxmi63@yahoo.com
up of special courts to facilitate faster only when we curtail the problems Introduction so-called benefactors who could also
trials, counseling of victims and such as the suppression of women, The ‘Right to Education’ is a abuse them! Society needs to reach
making them self confident and practicing superstitious beliefs, fundamental right. Each and every
these ‘unreached’ children and
empowering them with knowledge ignorance, extreme poverty and lack child – be it a special child ensure that they receive optimal
about their rights will prove to be of education and discrimination of girl (physically/ intellectually/ emotionally
education/ training.
effective in improving the protective child .Strict and stringent legislative challenged), a marginalized child or
Physically challenged children
environment to which girl children are measures may be more effective in a normal child – has a right to
These children when supported well
entitled with their fundamental rights controlling the problem of trafficking. education. The society which by parents, teachers, friends and
are found to be the need of the hour. Instead of merely depending upon reaches the ‘unreached child’ is
society can outdo normal children.
Conclusion government and Non government indeed an ideal, perfect society. The
“Rashmi Amasang (a 15 year old
Social workers and developmental machineries to take the issues Public individual who strives for this is one
from Gulbarga) was confined to a
workers responsibility is to empower may be educated to realize their to be applauded. wheel chair as she had no control
and make people aware in the responsibility and to initiate action to Specially Challenged Children
over her legs. From class I, she’s
grassroots and ensure dignified lives alleviate this social evil. Normal children sail through the ups
always passed with distinction. She
References: and downs of childhood. The way
astounds everyone with her dance
Agrawal S P and Aggarwal J C( 1994): Women’s Education in India, Concept they deal with stressors depends on
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
performance. She dances seated on
Ahuja R ( 1992): Social Problems in India, Rawat Publications, Jaipur. their resilience compounded by other
her wheel chair, with her hand
FACSE (2000): Child Pornography Racket Operated by International Tourist from factors such as psycho-social gestures in sync with the beats of the
Switzerland Unearthed in Mumbai.. support system and genetics. song and is known as the ‘wheel
UNICEF (1995):Child Prostitution, The Ultimate Abuse, Report on The National However, specially challenged wonder” (TOI, 2010). Support,
Consultation on Child Prostitution, Nov. 18-25, New Delhi. Organised by YMCA, children need to work extra hard –
ECPAT and UNICEF. 18- 20 November.
protection and guidance will help
Maiti-Nepal.( 1999 ) : “Trafficking in Girls and Women: Solution to the Problem, they have to cope with their God
these children to be useful citizens
Political Commitment and Role of Parliamentarians”. Report of the workshop given special challenges (be it
and not a burden to society!
organised by Maiti-Nepal. physical handicaps, mental Intellectually challenged children
Maiti-Nepal.( 2001) : “Cops Unearth Another Child Trafficking Racket”. Vol.2. retardation, or emotional disorders),
When a child is labelled as
No.1. January-March. receive optimal education/ training
Mita Bhadra ( 1999 ) : Girl Child in Indian Society, Gender Stereotyping ,
‘intellectually challenged’, it does not
Discrimination and the Girl Child, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, New Delhi. and armour themselves against their
mean that parents and society per
28 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 29
se throw up their hands and give up. These children too have high rhyme to complex science topics. D animation and build robots, make
Intellectually challenged children can potential and special splinter skills This year, Dell’s $2 million aid to films, short animation movies, learn
be educated, vocationally trained or which when tapped can unleash a NGO’s for youth and education can Flash, Photoshop and to design
even trained to carry out their myriad of exciting possibilities. Who help society reach the ‘unreached’! websites which helps them to ‘learn
activities of daily living. The onus lies has not heard of autistic children with British Prime Minister David by doing’. Every two years, three
on society to fight the vagaries of remarkable memory and breath- Cameron’s promise to extend the children are sent to Boston also. This
nature by empowering these special taking talents? Mental health successful UK – India Education and after-school programme has had a
children, to reach out to the professionals, parents and teachers Research Initiative and twinning of mind-blowing impact on the children
‘unreached’. Renowned scientist Sir have a tremendous responsibility to UK and Indian Universities could and made them open-minded. E-
C V Raman did not just leave behind this ‘unreached’ sector of society! mean more Indian students in Britain. Patashala is an innovative means of
the ‘Raman Effect’ – his residence Marginalized children E-Patashala is an initiative conceived reaching the ‘unreached’.
at Bangalore now functions as a Children of parents with HIV/ AIDS three years back by CTL (Children’s Conclusion
centre for intellectually challenged or diagnosed themselves as HIV/ Lovecastles Trust). Nearly 70 When hopes and aspirations are
youth who work on IT-enabled AIDS +ve, tribal children, slum government schools in Karnataka high, one can never be stopped from
services. One of the youth who had children, orphaned and under- have transformed to e-learning winning. Reaching out to the
an IQ of 11 when he joined, after 4 privileged children get marginalized classrooms. Teachers teach through specially challenged and
years now handles a two-window by society because of labels they both, school text books and ICT marginalized children is definitely a
system and his IQ has improved to never asked for! Education and (Information and Communication triumph for society! Society (Parents,
60. The centre has partnered with privileges should reach these Technology) tools – TV, PC and teachers and mental health
Intel, Tata Teleservices, TTML, and ‘unreached’ children too! remote control, in other words. An professionals especially) should
Special Olympic Bharat to bring in Digital Aids after-school programme is available have the “Yes, I can” attitude and
work to eight centres. Data entry of This is the millennium of innovative to children in five-six villages around these ‘unreached’ children the “I am
over 100 applications is completed technology. Technology which can the centre where children create 2- no different” attitude!
by the intellectually challenged in one access the ‘unreached’, brings References:
and a half hours time. A truly education to the fore-front in India. Sonnad M. This Girl Dances her Way into People’s Hearts, Times of India, 12-1-
2010, p 6
amazing feat! Helping them live in The Dell Youth Connect Programme,
Asif S., As Smart as the Kid Next door, Times of India, 29-7-2010, pg. 3
dignity is what reaching the in connection with Learning Links Times News Network. Digital Aids Make These Kids Smarter, Times of India, 27-
‘unreached’ is all about! Foundation, an NGO, developed the 8-2010, pg.4
The emotionally challenged ‘smart classroom’ which helps Prabhakaran M. Lessons in Hope, Bangalore Mirror, 29-8-2010, pg. 8
Children with emotional disorders, children connect with abstract Send your e-mail ID to jssw.india@gmail.com and on request you will be
psychiatric illnesses need special concepts and visualize the subject included in the group mail from where you get information periodically about
concern and attention from society. which can range from a nursery professional journals, seminars, conferences and workshops in India and abroad.
30 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 Journal of SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK October 2010 31
Journal of School Social Work English Monthly. ISSN: 0976-3759
Registered with Registrar of Newspapers for India underNo.TNENG/2004/14389.
Postal Registration TN/CC(S) Dn/ 47 / 09-11.
Licensed to post under WPP No. TN/CC(S) Dn/ 34/09-11.
Future Focus
Nov 2010 CHILDREN OF SINGLE PARENTS
HSE: Dr Saraswati Raju Iyer, Asst. Professor,
Dept of Sociology and Social Work,
Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 525510.
Dec 2010 BULLYING
HSE: Shri Ramesh K S,
HOD, Dept of Social Work, Mar Gregorios College.
We thank Dr Emmanuel Janagan J, MA(SW) MPhil (SW) PGDPM PhD(SW)
Principal, Kumbhalkar College of Social Work, Nagpur, 440018 for
consenting to be the honorary special editor of this issue. We admire his
professionalism in sending the editorial very early and shouldering all his
editorial responsibilities amidst his busy schedule of shifting from University
of Malay. We are thankful to Dr Emmanuel Janagan for co-opting
Dr Keshao Patil, Principal, Tirpude College of Social Work, Nagpur and
Dr Tulankar L S, Principal, B P National Inst. of Social Work, Nagpur,
440009 as members for the month and are thankful to them for their consent.
Send your e-mail ID to jssw.india@gmail.com and on request
you will be included in the group mail from where you can download
many freewares, get information periodically about professional
journals, seminars, conferences and workshops organized in various
parts of India starting from college level to International events.

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