SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT * FROM DEPARTMENTS;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,SALARY + 1000 FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,SALARY * 12 FROM EMPLOYEES;

DESCRIBE EMPLOYEES;
DESC EMPLOYEES;

SHOW ALL;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID AS "EMPNO",LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID "EMPNO",LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID EMPNO,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID "EMP NO",LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME||JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME||' HE WORKS AS '||JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME||' HE WORKS AS '||JOB_ID INFO FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,SALARY*12 PA FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME||Q'[ HE WORK'S AS ]'||JOB_ID INFO FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT DISTINCT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES;

DESCRIBE EMPLOYEES;
DESC EMPLOYEES;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = 90;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE SALARY > 12000;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE JOB_ID = 'IT_PROG';
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE LAST_NAME = 'Ernst';

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID <> 90;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID != 90;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE SALARY BETWEEN 5000 AND 10000;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,HIRE_DATE FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE HIRE_DATE BETWEEN '12-MAR-05' AND '15-JUN-06';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE SALARY IN (5000,4800,12000,16000);

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE JOB_ID IN ('SA_REP','IT_PROG');

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE LAST_NAME LIKE 'A%';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE LAST_NAME LIKE '%n';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE LAST_NAME LIKE '%d%';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,HIRE_DATE FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE HIRE_DATE LIKE '%JAN%';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE LAST_NAME LIKE '__a%';

SHOW USER;
SELECT * FROM TAB;

SELECT * FROM CAT;

DESC TAB;

SELECT * FROM TAB WHERE TNAME LIKE 'E%';

DESC CAT;
SELECT * FROM CAT WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE 'D%';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE COMMISSION_PCT IS NULL;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE SALARY > 5000 AND DEPARTMENT_ID =80;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE SALARY > 5000 OR DEPARTMENT_ID =80;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE SALARY NOT BETWEEN 5000 AND 10000;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE JOB_ID NOT IN ('SA_REP','IT_PROG');

SELECT * FROM TAB WHERE TNAME NOT LIKE 'E%';

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE COMMISSION_PCT IS NOT NULL;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY LAST_NAME ASC;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY LAST_NAME;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY LAST_NAME DESC;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY SALARY;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY SALARY DESC;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,SALARY*12 PA FROM EMPLOYEES

ORDER BY PA;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY 6;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID FROM

EMPLOYEES ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID FROM
EMPLOYEES ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID DESC;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID FROM

EMPLOYEES ORDER BY SALARY DESC
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,DEPARTMENT_ID,JOB_ID FROM

EMPLOYEES ORDER BY SALARY DESC
OFFSET 5 ROWS FETCH NEXT 12 ROWS ONLY;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE

EMPLOYEE_ID = &EMPNO;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE

LAST_NAME = '&LN';

select &column1,&column2 from &tablename where &cond = &condata;

define dno = 40;

select * from employees where department_ID = &&DNO;

select * from employees where department_ID = &&DEPTNO;

UNDEFINE DNO;
UNDEFINE DEPTNO;

SELECT 45+45/56*45 FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;

SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSTIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;

SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM DUAL;

SELECT LOWER('SOFTWARE') FROM DUAL;

SELECT UPPER('SOFTWARE') FROM DUAL;
SELECT INITCAP('SOFTWARE') FROM DUAL;
SELECT UPPER(LAST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT CONCAT('SOFT','WARE') FROM DUAL;

SELECT CONCAT(LAST_NAME,FIRST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT SUBSTR('SOFTWARE',3) FROM DUAL;

SELECT SUBSTR('SOFTWARE',3,4) FROM DUAL;

SELECT LENGTH('SOFTWARE') FROM DUAL;

SELECT LENGTH(LAST_NAME) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT INSTR('HELLO WORLD','O') FROM DUAL;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT LPAD('SOFTWARE',15,'*') FROM DUAL;

SELECT LPAD('SOFTWARE',15,' ') FROM DUAL;
SELECT LPAD(LAST_NAME,20,' ') FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT RPAD(LAST_NAME,20,' ') FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT SUBSTR(UPPER(LAST_NAME),2) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT ROUND(45.676) FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(45.476) FROM DUAL;

SELECT TRUNC(45.67) FROM DUAL;

SELECT CEIL(56.78) FROM DUAL;

SELECT FLOOR(56.7878) FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(5676.746789,3) FROM DUAL;

SELECT TRUNC(5676.746789,3) FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(5676.746789,-1) FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(5676.746789,-2) FROM DUAL;

SELECT MOD(56,6) FROM DUAL;

SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_DATE('12-JUN-15') + 55 FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_DATE('12-JUN-15') - 55 FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_DATE('12-JUN-15') - TO_dATE('22-MAR-15') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_DATE('12-JUN-15') +5/24 FROM DUAL;

SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN('12-JUN-13','11-OCT-13') FROM DUAL;

SELECT ADD_MONTHS('12-JUN-13',2) FROM DUAL;

SELECT NEXT_DAY('13-SEP-17','WEDNESDAY') FROM DUAL;

SELECT NEXT_DAY('13-SEP-17','THURSDAY') FROM DUAL;

SELECT LAST_DAY('03-JUN-18') FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(TO_DATE('13-SEP-17'),'MONTH') FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(TO_DATE('18-SEP-17'),'MONTH') FROM DUAL;

SELECT ROUND(TO_DATE('13-SEP-17'),'YEAR') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('15-NOV-12'),'DD/MM---YY') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'DAY') FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'WW') FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'W') FROM DUAL;

SELECT SYSDATE - TO_DATE('07-JUN-96') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'DD/YEAR') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'DDTH-MON') FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'DDSP-MON') FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'DDSPTH-MON') FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'DDTH " OF "MON') FROM DUAL;
SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'FMDDTH " OF "MON') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96'),'FMDDTH MON YEAR') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('07-JUN-96')+4/24,'DD/MM HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,TO_CHAR(SALARY,'99,999.99') FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,TO_CHAR(SALARY,'09,999.99') FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,TO_CHAR(SALARY,'$99,999.99') FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99') FROM EMPLOYEES;
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,'INR.'||TO_CHAR(SALARY,'99,999.99') FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT,
SALARY+NVL(COMMISSION_PCT,0) NETSAL
FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT,
SALARY+NVL(COMMISSION_PCT,1000) NETSAL
FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT,
NVL2(COMMISSION_PCT,'SAL+COMM','SAL') FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,FIRST_NAME,
NULLIF(LENGTH(LAST_NAME),LENGTH(FIRST_NAME)) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT SIN(45) FROM DUAL;

SELECT SINH(55) FROM DUAL;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID,LAST_NAME,SALARY,COMMISSION_PCT,
COALESCE(COMMISSION_PCT,SALARY,1000) FROM EMPLOYEES;

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary,

CASE job_id WHEN 'IT_PROG' THEN 1.10*salary
WHEN 'ST_CLERK' THEN 1.15*salary
WHEN 'SA_REP' THEN 1.20*salary
ELSE salary END "REVISED_SALARY"
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary,

DECODE(job_id, 'IT_PROG', 1.10*salary,
'ST_CLERK', 1.15*salary,
'SA_REP', 1.20*salary,
SALARY)
REVISED_SALARY
FROM employees;