Krishna Janmashtami

Krishna Janmashtami (Devanagari कृ ण ज मा मी, IAST: Kṛṣṇa Janmāṣṭamī),

Krishna Janmashtami
also known simply as Janmashtami or Gokulashtami, is an annual Hindu
festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu.[3] It is
observed according to Hindu luni-solar calendar, on the eighth day (Ashtami) of
the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the month of Shraavana of the lunar Hindu
Calendar and Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the month of Bhadrapad of the
lunisolar Hindu Calendar, which overlaps with August and September of the
Gregorian calendar.[3]

It is an important festival particularly to the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism.[4]

Dance-drama enactments of the life of Krishna according to the Bhagavata An image of Krishna
Purana (such as Rasa lila or Krishna Lila), devotional singing through the Also called Krishnashtami,
midnight when Krishna is believed to have been born, fasting (upavasa), a night Saatam Aatham,
vigil (jagarana), and a festival (mahotsava) on the following day are a part of the Gokulashtami,
Janmashtami celebrations.[5] It is celebrated particularly in Mathura and Ashtami Rohini,
Brindavan, along with major Vaishnava and non-sectarian communities found in Srikrishna Jayanti,
Manipur, Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Sree Jayanti
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and other Observed by Hindus in India, Nepal,
regions.[3][6] Bangladesh, Trinidad
Krishna Janmashtami is followed by the festival Nandotsav, which celebrates the
and Tobago, Guyana,
occasion when Nanda Baba distributed gifts to the community in honour of the
Suriname, other parts
birth.[7]
of the Caribbean, Fiji,
Mauritius, South
Africa, other parts of
Africa, and the United
Contents Kingdom, the United
Significance States.
Celebrations Type Religious (1–2 days),
Maharashtra cultural
Gujarat and Rajasthan
Celebrations Dahi Handi (next day),
Northern India
kite-flying, fair,
Eastern and Northeastern India
Odisha and West Bengal traditional sweet
South India dishes etc.

Outside India Observances Dance-drama, puja,

Nepal night vigil, fasting
Bangladesh
2018 date Monday, 3
Fiji
September[1][2]
Pakistan
Others
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Significance
Krishna was the son of Devaki and Vasudeva and his birthday is celebrated by
Hindus as Janmashtami, particularly those of the Vaishnavism tradition as he is
considered the eighth avatar of Vishnu.[8][9] Janmashtami is celebrated when
Krishna is believed to have been born according to Hindu tradition, which is in
Mathura, at midnight on the eighth day of Bhadrapada month (overlaps with August
and 3 September in the Gregorian calendar).[3][10]

Krishna Carried Across the River.
Krishna was born in an era of chaos, persecution was rampant, freedoms were
denied, evil was everywhere, and when there was a threat to his life by his uncle
King Kansa.[11] Immediately following the birth, his father Vasudeva took Krishna
across Yamuna, to foster parents in Gokul, named Nanda and Yashoda.[12] This
legend is celebrated on Janmashtami by people keeping fast, singing devotional
songs of love for Krishna, and keeping a vigil into the night.[13] After Krishna's
midnight hour birth, statues of baby Krishna are washed and clothed, then placed in
a cradle. The devotees then break their fast, by sharing food and sweets. Women
draw tiny foot prints outside their house doors and kitchen, walking towards their
[13]
house, a symbolism for Krishna's journey into their homes.

Celebrations
Hindus celebrate Janmashtami by fasting, singing, praying together, preparing and
sharing special food, night vigils and visiting Krishna or Vishnu temples. Major
Krishna temples organize recitation of Bhagavata Purana and Bhagavad Gita.[14]
Many communities organize dance-drama events called Rasa Lila or Krishna
Lila.[13] The tradition of Rasa Lila is particularly popular in Mathura region, in
northeastern states of India such as Manipur and Assam, and in parts of Rajasthan
and Gujarat. It is acted out by numerous teams of amateur artists, cheered on by their
local communities, and these drama-dance plays begin a few days before each
Janmashtami.[15][16]
Some communities celebrate
Krishna's legends such as him as a
Maharashtra Makkan chor (butter thief).
Janmashtami (popularly known as "Gokulashtami" as in Maharashtra) is celebrated
in cities such as Mumbai and Pune. Dahi Handi is celebrated every
August/September, the day after Krishna Janmashtami.[13][17] The term literally means "earthen pot of yoghurt". The festival gets
this popular regional name from legend of baby Krishna. According to it, he would seek and steal milk products such as yoghurt and
butter and people would hide their supplies high up out of the baby's reach. Krishna would try all sorts of creative ideas in his pursuit,
such as making human pyramids with his friends to break these high hanging pots.[18] This story is the theme of numerous reliefs on
Hindu temples across India, as well as literature and dance-drama repertoire, symbolizing the joyful innocence of children, that love
and life's play is the manifestation of god.[19][20]

In Maharashtra, and other western states in India, this Krishna legend is played out as a community tradition on Janmashtami, where
pots of yoghurt are hung high up, sometimes with tall poles or from ropes hanging from second or third level of a building.[13] Per
the annual tradition, teams of youth and boys called the "Govindas" go around to these hanging pots, climb one over another and
form a human pyramid, then break the pot.[17] Girls surround these boys, cheer and tease them while dancing and singing. The
spilled contents are considered as Prasada (celebratory offering). It is a public spectacle, cheered and welcomed as a community
event.[17][21]
In contemporary times, many Indian cities celebrate this annual Hindu ritual. Youth
groups form Govinda pathaks, which compete with each other, especially for prize
money on Janamashtami. These groups are called mandals or handis and they go
around the local areas, attempting to break as many pots as possible every August.
Social celebrities and media attends the festivities, while corporations sponsor parts
of the event.[22][23] Cash and gifts are offered for Govinda teams, and according to
The Times of India, in 2014 over 4,000 handis in Mumbai alone were high hung
[22]
with prizes, and numerous Govinda teams participated.

Gujarat and Rajasthan

People in the city of Dwarka in
Gujarat – where Krishna is believed
to have established his kingdom –
celebrate the festival with a
tradition similar to Dahi Handi, Dahi Handi, a Janmashtami tradition,
called Makhan Handi (pot with in progress in Mumbai India.
freshly churned butter). Others
perform folk dances at temples,

Traditional festive food shared on sing bhajans, visit the Krishna temples such as at the Dwarkadhish Temple or
Krishna Janmashtami Nathdwara. In Kutch district region, farmers decorate their bullock carts and take out
[24]
Krishna processions, with group singing and dancing.

The carnival-style and playful poetry and works of Dayaram, a scholar of the Pushtimarg of Vaishnavism, is particularly popular
during Janmashtami in Gujarat and Rajasthan.[25]

Northern India
Janmashtami is the largest festival in the Braj region of north India, in cities such as
Mathura where Hindu tradition states Krishna was born, and in Vrindavan where he
grew up.[13] Vaishnava communities in these cities in Uttar Pradesh, as well as
others in the state, as well locations in Rajasthan, Delhi, Haryana, Uttarakhand and
Himalayan north celebrate Janmashtami. Krishna temples are decorated and lighted
up, they attract numerous visitors on the day, while Krishna devotees hold bhakti
events and keep night vigil.[26]

The festival typically falls as the monsoons in north India have begun retreating, ISKCON temple in Delhi at
fields laden with crops and rural communities have time to play. In the northern Janamashtami
states, Janmashtami is celebrated with the Raslila tradition, which literally means
"play (lila) of delight, essence (rasa)". This is expressed as solo or group dance and
drama events at Janmashtami, wherein Krishna related compositions are sung, music accompanies the performance, while actors and
audience share and celebrate the performance by clapping hands to mark the beat.[17] The childhood pranks of Krishna, and love
affairs of Radha-Krishna are particularly popular. According to Christian Roy and other scholars, these Radha-Krishna love stories
Brahman.[18][17]
are Hindu symbolism for the longing and love of human soul for the divine principle and reality it calls

[27]
In Jammu, kite flying from roof tops is a part of the celebration on Krishna Janmashtami.

Eastern and Northeastern India

Janmashtami is widely celebrated in the Hindu Vaishnava communities of eastern and northeastern India. The widespread tradition of
celebrating Krishna in these regions is credited to the efforts and teachings of 15th and 16th century Sankardev and Chaitanya
Mahaprabhu. They developed philosophical ideas, as well as new forms of performance arts to celebrate the Hindu god Krishna such
as Borgeet, Ankia Naat, Sattriya and Bhakti yoga now popular in West Bengal and Assam. Further east, Manipur people developed
Manipuri dance form, a classical dance form known for its Hindu Vaishnavism themes, and which like Sattriya includes love-inspired
dance drama arts of Radha-Krishna called Raslila.[28][29][30] These dance drama arts are a part of Janmashtami tradition in these
regions, and as with all classical Indian dances, there contextual roots are in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text Natya Shastra, but with
[31][32][33]
influences from the culture fusion between India and southeast Asia.

On Janmashtami, parents dress up their children as characters in the legends of

Krishna, such as gopis (cow maids) and as Krishna. Temples and community
centers are decorated with regional flowers and leaves, while groups recite or
listen to the tenth chapter ofBhagavata Purana, and the Bhagavata Gita.[17]

Janmashtami is a major festival celebrated with fasts, vigil, recitation of

scriptures and Krishna prayers in Manipur. Raslila performances (also referred
to as Rasleela or Manipuri Ras) are a notable annual tradition around
Rasa lila in Manipuri dance style Janmashtami.[34] Children play the Likol Sannaba game in the Meetei
Vaishnava community.[35]

The Shree Govindajee Temple and the ISKCON temples particularly mark the Janmashtami festival.[36] Janmashtami is celebrated in
Assam at homes, in community centers called Namghars (Assamese: নামঘৰ), and the temples usually though Janmaashtami.
According to the tradition, the devotees sing theNam, perform pujas and sharing food andPrasada.[36]

Odisha and West Bengal

In the eastern state of Odisha, in the region around Puri and in Nabadwip, West
Bengal, the festival is also referred to as Sri Krishna Jayanti or simply Sri
Jayanti.[37][38] People celebrate Janmashtami by fasting and worship until midnight.
The Bhagavata Purana is recited from the 10th chapter, a section dedicated to the
life of Krishna. The next day is called "Nanda Utsav" or the joyous celebration of
Krishna's foster parentsNanda and Yashoda. On this day, people break their fast and
offer various cooked sweets after midnight.

Dressing up babies as Krishna or

South India
Gopis on Janmashtami festival is a
Gokulashtami or Gokula Ashtami (Janmashtami or Sri Krishna Jayanti) celebrates popular Hindu tradition.
the birthday of Krishna. Gokulashtami is celebrated with great fervor in South India.

In Tamil Nadu, the people decorate the floor with kolams (decorative pattern drawn with rice batter). Geetha Govindam and other
such devotional songs are sung in praise of Krishna. Then they draw the footprints of Krishna from the threshold of the house till the
pooja room, which depicts the arrival of Krishna into the house.[39] A recitation of Bhagwadgita is also a popular practise. The
offerings made to Krishna include fruits, betel and butter. Savories believed to be Krishna's favorites are prepared with great care.
The most important of them are Seedai, Sweet Seedai, Verkadalai Urundai. The festival is celebrated in the evening as Krishna was
born at midnight. Most people observe a strict fast on this day and eat only after the midnight puja. They also dress the youngest of
male child in their family like Krishna and perform oonjal, or swing, which is rocked gently and prasadamfered
of first to them.

In Andhra Pradesh, recitation of shlokas and devotional songs are the characteristics of this festival. Another unique feature of this
festival is that young boys are dress up as Krishna and they visit neighbors and friends. Different varieties of fruits and sweets are
first offered to Krishna and after the puja, these sweets are distributed among the visitors. The people of Andhra Pradesh observe a
fast too.Various kinds of sweets are made to offer Gokulnandan on this day. Eatables along with milk and curd are prepared to make
offerings to Krishna. Joyful chanting of 's name takes place in quite a few temples of
the state. The number of temples dedicated to Krishna are few. The reason being that
people have taken to worship him through paintings and not idols.

Popular south Indian temples dedicated for Krishna are Rajagopalaswami Temple in
Mannargudi in the Tiruvarur district, Pandavadhoothar temple in Kanchivaram, Sri
Krishna temple at Udupi, and the Krishna temple at Guruvayur are dedicated to the
memory of Vishnu's incarnation as Krishna. Legend says that the Sree Krishna Idol
installed in Guruvayur is from Dwarka which is believed to be submerged in the
sea.[40] Toddler dressed like Krishna

Outside India

Nepal
About eighty percent of the population of Nepal identify themselves as Hindus and celebrate Krishna Janmashtami. They observe
Janmashtami by fasting until midnight. The devotees recite the Bhagavad Gita and sing religious songs called bhajans and kirtans.
[17]
The temples of Krishna are decorated. Shops, posters and houses carry Krishna motifs.

Bangladesh
Janmashtami is a national holiday in Bangladesh.[41] On Janmashtami, a procession starts from Dhakeshwari Temple in Dhaka, the
National Temple of Bangladesh, and then proceeds through the streets of Old Dhaka. The procession dates back to 1902, but was
stopped in 1948 following the establishment of Pakistan and subsequent attacks by Muslim mobs in Dhaka. The procession was
resumed in 1989.[42]

Fiji
At least a quarter of the population in Fiji practices Hinduism, and this holiday has been celebrated in Fiji since the first Indian
indentured labourers landed there. Janmastami in Fiji is known as "Krishna Ashtami". Most Hindus in Fiji have ancestors that
originated from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu, making this an especially important festival for them. Fiji's Janmastami
celebrations are unique in that they last for eight days, leading up to the eighth day, the day Krishna was born. During these eight
days, Hindus gather at homes and at temples with their 'mandalis,' or devotional groups at evenings and night, and recite the
[43]
Bhagavat Purana, sing devotional songs for Krishna, and distribute Prasadam.

Pakistan
Janmashtami is celebrated by Pakistani Hindus in the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Karachi with the singing of bhajans and
delivering of sermons on Krishna.[44]

Others
In Arizona, United States, Governor Janet Napolitano was the first American leader to greet a message on Janmashtami, while
acknowledging ISKCON.[45] The festival is also celebrated widely by Hindus in Caribbean in the countries of Guyana, Trinidad and
Tobago, Jamaica and the former British colony Fiji as well as the former Dutch colony of Suriname. The Hindus in these countries
originated from Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh and are the descendants of indentured immigrants from Tamil Nadu, UP, Bihar,
Bengal and Orissa.

ISKCON temples worldwide celebrate Krishna Janmashtami, as well the birthday of ISKCON founder Swami Prabhupada (1
September 1896).[17]
See also
Vesak
Twin Holy Birthdays

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External links
Media related to Krishna at Wikimedia Commons

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