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Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

B.Sc. Eng.Honours Degree

Final Examination
Year 2, Semester 1 (20 15)

CE 202 - Civil Engineering Materials

Duration: 2 Hours

Instructions to candidates:
+ There are four questions. Answer ALL four questions.
+ Question #4 on pages 6 & 7 is provided on a separate sheet. Write
the answers to question #4 on this question sheet itself. Submit this
sheet separately.
+ Total Marks is 100. Marks distribution among the questions is
shown on the right within parenthesis.
+ A data sheet containing some useful information is given on pages
4& 5.
+ This paper contains 7 pages altogether including the cover page.
+ Use of calculators is allowed.

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1. Fig. Q1(a) shows a beam and the loads acting on it. .

(a) Find the support reactions at A and C. (4 marks)

(b) ·sketch the Shear Force Diagram for the beam. (6 marks)

(c) Sketch the Bending Moment Diagram for the beam. (6 marks)
(d) The uniform cross-section of the beam is shown in Fig. Q 1(b). Values of the
6 4
relevant parameters are: Yt = 65 mm; Yb = 145 mm; I= 15.27x10 mm .

Determine the largest tensile bending stress and the largest compressive
bending stress in the beam. State where each value occurs. (9 marks)

10 kN 5 kN

5 kN/m
A D
2m B 2m 2m
~----~1~----~
Fig.Ql(a)

i-•

(dimensions are in mm)

Fig. Ql(b)

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2. A solid, circular shaft having a uniform diameter of 400 mm connects a turbine to a

generator in a hydro power station. Shear modulus of shaft material is 80 GPa. If this
shaft transmits 60 MW of power at a speed of 3000 rpm (revolutions per minute),

determine the following:

(7 marks)
(a) The torque in the shaft.
(b) The largest shear stress in a cross section of the shaft. (8 marks)

(c) The twist per unit length of the shaft. (10 marks)

3. A thin walled hollow circular cylinder has a mean diameter of 100 mm, uniform wall
thickness of 2 mm, and a length of 500 mm. The material properties are: E = 200 GPa;
. v = 0.3. Two strain gauges labeled a and b are mounted on the surface of the cylinder
along the two directions that are inclined by ± 45° to the axial direction (Fig. Q3). The
two strain gauge directions are perpendicular to each other. An axial compressive load of
100 kN and a torque of 800 Nm are acting on this cylinder as shown in the figure.
(a) Calculate the axial compressive stress and the shear stress on a cross-section
of the cylinder. (8 marks)
(b) Determine the normal stress (Ja in the direction of strain gauge a and the
normal stress (Jb in the direction of strain gauge b. (8 marks)
(c) Estimate the strains sa and s b that would be indicated by the strain gauge a

and the strain gauge b respectively. (9 marks)

800Nm
gauge a
45°:)( 100 kN

Fig. Q3

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CE202 Civil Engineering Materials Jan.- May, 2015

Summary Sheet

Plane areas.
Parallel axis theorem:
I x = I x + Ay; ; where = centroidal second moment of area; I x = second moment of area
Jx

about a parallel axis; A = area, and y c = separation between the two axes.
Some useful second moments of area:
Rectangle ( b x h) : I= bh3/12; Circle (radius R)
Polar second moment of area:
2
J =Jr dA= ly +lx

Beams:
Load intensity p (downward +ve), shear force S (clockwise +ve) and bending moment M
(hogging +ve).

dS
- = - p; S2 = S1 {Total load between x 1 and x2}
dx
dM
-- = S; M2 = M1 + {area under the SFD between x 1 and x 2 }
dx

\Simple Bending Formula: I~

-a M E
=
y I R
h1 A
Horizontal Shear Force per unit length I< >I I< b >I
b
at an interface: q = S ( Ay)
I Parabolic curve Parabolic curve
A=fbh A=tbh
Shear stress on a cross section:
q S(Ay) x=tb x=tb
£ = - = _:.._:_....:..._
b, Ib

Thin walled pressure vessels:

a pr
= pr. at=-.
In spherical vessels: a = pr . In cylindrical vessels:
2t a 2t ' t
T r GB
Torsion of Circular Shafts: Torsion Formula: -=-=- For a circle: J = n:R4 /2
J r l
For thin walled hollow circular shafts:

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Transformation of 2-D Stresses :

y
O"y outward
normal a
~y
L___f O"x X

Inclined
plane
-+------------·X

In another form:
(j = -t ( + (j X (j y) + -t (
(j X - (j y) COS 28 + 'f xy sin 28 ; t
-r = (ax - a Y) sin 28 - -r xy cos 28

Yet another form:

,--------
Let: R = 2
rxy +
(ax
2
2
-ay) T

'xy (ax- ay)

sin2"' = - · cos2"' =----"--
"' R' "' 2R
Then:
a = ~(ax+ ay) + R cos 2(8-¢)
r = R sin2(8-¢)

Principal stresses are:

a 1 =-!-(ax +ay)+R; a 2 =-!-(ax +ay)-R
Principal directions are given by:
81 = ¢ and 82 = ¢ + n I 2

Maximum shear stress: . r max =R . Mohr's Circle for 2-D Stress

Stress-strain relations in 1-D :

a=E&a; &1 =-V&a; r=Gr

Stress-strain 'relations in 2-D

E
Relation among material constants: G =
2(1 + v)

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, (C)
a) Explain the difference between 'Asphalt paving mix' and 'Bituminous paving
mix'?
[1 mark]

b) Identify three different asphalt binder types.

[3 marks]

c) Select the best answer

1. This is NOT a consistency test.
i) Penetration Test ii) Rolling Thin Film Oven Test
iii) Softening Point Test iv) Viscosity Test
[1 mark]

2. The ratio between the applied shear stress and the rate of shear is called

i) Solubility ii) Ductility iii) Consistency iv) Viscosity

[1 mark]

3. What laboratory test is used to evaluate asphalt hardening conditions

approximating those that occur in normal HMA batch plant operations?

i) Thin Film Oven Test ii) Viscosity Test

iii) Ring and Ball Test iv) Solubility Test
[1 mark]

4. Aging can be defined as the change of properties in Time. The Asphalt cement
becomes stiff and more brittle and it will crack faster due to Aging. Select a factor
w~ich is NOT naturally identified as leading to the Aging of Asphalt Cement.

i) Oxidation ii) Syneresis

iii) Trichloroethylene iv) Separation
[1 mark]

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