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SECTION 1: STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS & ENZYMES

CHAPTER 1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MEDICINE

 Biomedical Importance
- biocemichal studies illuminates many aspects of health and disease -- 
> study of various aspects --> opened up new areas of  G
biochemistry.  G
- biochemistry contribution --> fields of cell biology, physiology,  g
immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, and toxicology, as well as the
fileds of inflamation, cell injury and cancer.
- life, depends on biochemical reactions and processes

 Biochemistry Began With the Discovery That A Cell-Free Extract of Yeast can
Ferment Sugar
- yeast can convert sugars --> ethyl alcohol
: earliest years of the 20th century
: Louis Pasteur - a French Microbiologist; (work) investigations of
brewing and wine making --> “the process of
fermentation could only occur in intact cells”
: brothers Buchner in 1899 showed Pasteur’s error --> (discovered)
“fermentation can indeed occur in cell-free extracts”-->
storage of a yeast extract in a crock of concentrated-sugar
solution added as a preservative [contents of the crock
fermented spilled overnight --> demonstrated that
fermentation can proceed in the absence of intact cells]
: 1930s & 1940s- identified the intermediates of the citric acid
cycle and of urea biosynthesis; provide insight into the
essential roles of certain vitamin-derived cofactors or
coenzymes
- analytical ultracentrifugation, paper and other forms of
chromatography
:1950s - how complex carbohydrates are synthesized from --.
Broken down to simple sugars --> delineated the pathways for
biosynthesis of pentose and the breakdown of amino acids
and lipids