Norma Ansi - Awwa c901-02

ANSI/AWWA C901-08
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C901-02)
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
AWWA Standard
Polyethylene (PE)
Pressure Pipe and
Tubing, ½ In. (13 mm)
Through 3 In. (76 mm),
for Water Service
SM
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Effective date: Oct. 1, 2008.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 28, 1978.
This edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 8, 2008.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Aug. 4, 2008.
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This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe mini-
mum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications.
The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is
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ment of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely
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governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product de-
scribed will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed
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following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.
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An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American
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tional Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in
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materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.
Caution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates comple-
tion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures
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Copyright © 2008 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
ii

Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Committee on Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings, which reviewed and
approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
John J. Fishburne, Chair
Camille G. Rubeiz, Secretary
General Interest Members
S. Burn, CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Australia (AWWA)

J.P. Castronovo, HDR Engineering Inc., Dallas, Texas (AWWA)
K.C. Choquette, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)
W.J. Dixon,* Standards Council Liaison, Dixon Engineering Inc.,
Lake Odessa, Mich. (AWWA)
D.E. Duvall, Engineering Systems Inc., Aurora, Ill. (AWWA)
P.L. Kline,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
M.L. Magnant, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)
D.L. McPherson, MWH Americas Inc., Cleveland, Ohio (AWWA)
I.D. Moore, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont. (AWWA)
S.A. Mruk, Consultant, New Providence, N.J. (AWWA)
J.R. Paschal, Paschal Engineering LLC, Ypsilanti, Mich. (AWWA)
J.R. Peters, M.D. Wessler & Associates Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)
S. Ziobro, FM Approvals, Chepachet, R.I. (AWWA)
Producer Members
W.I. Adams, WL Plastics Corporation, Cedar City, Utah (AWWA)

J.M. Craig, McElroy Manufacturing Inc., Tulsa, Okla. (AWWA)
L.J. Gill, Ipex Inc., Mississauga, Ont. (AWWA)
L.J. Petroff, Performance Pipe, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bogart, Ga. (AWWA)
S.C. Rademacher, Uponor North America, St. Paul, Minn. (AWWA)
C.G. Rubeiz, Plastics Pipe Institute, Fairfax, Va. (AWWA)
H. Svetlik, Independent Pipe Products Inc., Dallas, Texas (AWWA)
* Liaison, nonvoting
iii
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User Members
L.M. Bowles, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

J.D. Cox, Stockton, Calif. (AWWA)
J.F. Fishburne, Charlotte–Mecklenburg Utilities, Charlotte, N.C. (AWWA)
W.F. Guillaume, Orlando, Fla. (NEWWA)
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iv

Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 5.3 Tests for Product Quality Control....15

I Introduction.....................................vii 5.4 Action After Failure to Meet
I.A Background......................................vii Requirements................................16
I.B History.............................................vii 5.5 Quality-Control Records..................16
I.C Acceptance.......................................vii 5.6 Plant Inspection by Purchaser...........17
II Special Issues.....................................ix 6 Delivery
III Use of This Standard.........................ix 6.1 Marking...........................................17
III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives...ix 6.2 Shipping...........................................20
III.B Modification to Standard...................x 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance...................20
IV Major Revisions.................................x
Appendix
V Comments........................................xi
A Internal Surge Pressure and
Standard Corresponding Sudden Water Flow
1 General Velocity Change............................21
1.1 Scope.................................................1
Figure
1.2 Purpose..............................................2
1 Bend-Back Test.................................14
1.3 Application........................................2
Tables
2 References.........................................2
1 ASTM D3350 Cell Classification and
3 Definitions........................................4 Property Values for Materials...........9
4 Requirements 2 Elevated Temperature Sustained
4.1 Permeation.........................................6 Pressure Test Requirements............10
4.2 Materials............................................6 3 ID PE Pipe—ID-Controlled:
4.3 Pipe and Tubing.................................7 Inside Diameter, SIDR, and Wall
5 Verification Thickness .....................................11
5.1 General............................................15 4 IPS PE Pipe—OD-Controlled:
5.2 Tests for Qualification of Materials Diameter, SDR, and Wall
and Processes.................................15 Thickness......................................12
v
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SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
5 CTS PE Tubing—OD-Controlled: A.1 Pressure Class, Occasional

Diameter, SDR, and Wall Surge Pressure Allowance, and
Thickness......................................12 Corresponding Sudden Water
6 Minimum Short-Term Burst Pressure Flow Velocity Change....................23
for Pipe and Tubing at 73ºF A.2 Pressure Class, Recurring Surge
(23ºC)...........................................13 Pressure Allowance, and
7 PE Pipe and Tubing: Pressure Class..19 Corresponding Sudden Water
Flow Velocity Change....................23
vi
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Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C901.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. This standard describes polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe and
tubing for use primarily as service lines in the construction of underground water
distribution systems.
This standard describes standard dimension ratios (SDR) and standard inside
dimension ratios (SIDR) for pipe and tubing made from PE materials with standard
PE code designations PE 2606, PE 2706, PE 2708, PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, and
PE 4710 in pressure classes of 80 psi, 100 psi, 125 psi, 160 psi, 200 psi, and 250 psi
(560 kPa, 700 kPa, 870 kPa, 1,100 kPa, 1,400 kPa, and 1,700 kPa). Pipe ranging in
nominal size from ½ in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm) conforms to the outside
diameter dimensions of iron pipe sizes (OD based, IPS pipe) or to the inside-diameter
dimensions of iron pipe sizes (ID based, IPS pipe). Tubing ranging in size from ½ in.
(13 mm) through 2 in. (51 mm) conforms to the outside diameter dimensions of copper
tubing.
I.B. History. On Jan. 28, 1978, the first edition of ANSI/AWWA C901 was
approved by the AWWA Board of Directors. On Aug. 9, 1982, a subcommittee of
the AWWA Standards Committee on Thermoplastic Pipe was formed to review and
revise the standard based on experience and advances in the state of the art since the
adoption of the standard. To this end, AWWA conducted two surveys of its members
to ascertain their experience with ANSI/AWWA C901 products. This information was
incorporated into the second edition of ANSI/AWWA C901, approved on Jan. 24,
1988.
In June 1988, the Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe Committee was divided into two
committees to accommodate both polyolefin and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Thus
were formed the Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure Pipe and Fittings Committee and the
Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings Committee. This action was approved on June 16,
2002. This edition of C901 was approved June 8, 2008.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
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(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF

International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members
of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research
vii

Foundation (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental
Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the
Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
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Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.

2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF†/ANSI‡ 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Effects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water
Chemicals Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local
agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to
accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of
certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
‡ American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY
10036.
§ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, DC 20418.
viii

ANSI/AWWA C901 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
II. Special Issues. A new AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practices, M55:
PE Pipe—Design and Installation, has been published. Details previously contained in
this section are now in AWWA manual M55. Contact AWWA at 1.800.926.7337 or at
www.awwa.org for more information.
III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be covered
by the purchaser:
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C901, Polyethylene (PE) Pressure
Pipe and Tubing, ½ In. (13 mm) Through 3 In. (76 mm), for Water Service, of latest
revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System
Components—Health Effects, is required.
3. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements
(Sec. 4.2.1).
4. Pipe
a. Standard code designation of the PE material.
b. Nominal size, pressure class, dimension ratio, and diameter basis (SDR
or SIDR), form (straight or coiled), length of individual pieces, and total linear
feet (linear meters) for each different item to be provided.
5. Tubing
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a. Standard code designation of the PE material.

b. Nominal size, pressure class, dimension ratio, form (straight or coiled),
length of individual pieces, and total linear feet (linear meters) for each different
item to be provided.
6. The following requirements should be specified:
a. Special quality-control tests (Section 5).
b. Plant inspection (Sec. 5.6).
ix

c. Special marking (Sec. 6.1.3).
d. Special preparation for shipment (Sec. 6.2).
e. Affidavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. This edition of ANSI/AWWA C901 is a comprehensive
update and includes significant revisions and changes to all sections of the standard.
Major changes made to the standard in this revision include the following:
1. Sec. 1.1 Scope. Removed material designations made obsolete by changes
to ASTM D3350 and replaced with current and new material designations.
2. Section 2 References. Added seven ASTM standard references, reference to
AWWA manual M55, and reference to NSF/ANSI 61. Deleted references to ISO 161
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and NSF/ANSI 14.

3. Section 3 Definitions. Deleted definitions for bloom, design factor, and
working pressure; revised definitions for dimension ratio, hydrostatic design basis, hy-
drostatic design stress, pressure class, and surge pressure allowance.
4. Section 4 Requirements.
a. Sec. 4.1 clarified permeation statement;
b. Sec. 4.2 revised material requirements to be consistent with new mate-
rial designations; revised Table 1; revised potable water certification to NSF/ANSI
61;
c. Sec. 4.3 added toe-in; added special sizes; revised elevated temperature
sustained pressure test; replaced Table 8 with new Table 2; replaced Tables 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 with new Tables 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; added length tolerance; added
elongation at break test;
d. deleted Sec. 4.4.
5. Section 5 Verification.
a. Sec. 5.1 revised;
b. 5.2 revised; deleted Sec. 5.2.2 (replaced with Sec. 4.3.9);
c. Sec. 5.3 added 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.4, 5.3.6, and 5.3.7; revised Sec. 5.3.3
and 5.3.5;
d. Sec. 5.4 revised;
e. Sec. 5.5 revised;
f. Sec. 5.6; revised Sec. 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, and 5.6.5.
6. Section 6 Markings and Delivery.
a. Sec. 6.1 revised 6.1.2, 6.1.3, and 6.1.4; added 6.1.5;

b. Sec. 6.2 revised 6.2.1; deleted Sec. 6.2.2;
c. Sec. 6.3 revised.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Support Group at 303.794.7711,
FAX at 303.795.7603, write to the group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098, or e-mail the group at standards@awwa.org.
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ANSI/AWWA C901-08
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C901-02)
AWWA Standard
Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and

Tubing, ½ In. (13 mm) Through 3 In.
(76 mm), for Water Service
Section 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard describes polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe and tubing made
from material having standard PE code designations PE 2606, PE 2706, PE 2708,
PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, PE 4608, PE 4708, and PE 4710* and intended for
use in potable water, reclaimed water, and wastewater service. Polyethylene pipe
ranges in nominal size from ½ in. (13 mm)† through 3 in. (76 mm) and conforms
* Earlier editions of ANSI/AWWA C901 included PE material designations PE 2406, PE 3406, and PE 3408.
Changes to ASTM D3350 led to changes in thermoplastic material designation codes, resulting in material
designation PE 2406 being superseded by material designations PE 2606, PE 2706, and PE 2708; material
designation PE 3406 being discontinued; and material designation PE 3408 being superseded by material des-
ignations PE 3608, PE 3708, PE 3710, PE 4608, PE 4708, and PE 4710, with the most common designations
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being PE 2708, PE 3608, and PE 4710. Accordingly, material designations and descriptions for the superseded
PE 2406, PE 3406, and PE 3408 designations have been removed from ANSI/AWWA C901. For removed
designations, refer to previous editions of ANSI/AWWA C901, ASTM D3350, PPI TR-3, and PPI TR-4. The
removal of superseded material designations does not affect pipelines that are in service. Recognizing that a
transitional period is necessary for the dissemination of information, product markings that include both older
and newer material designations, for example PE 3408/PE 3608, may occur.
† Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversions of US customary units and are not those speci-
fied in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.
1

2 AWWA C901-08
to the outside diameter (OD) dimensions of iron pipe sizes (IPS) or to the inside di-
ameter (ID) dimensions of IPS pipe. Polyethylene tubing ranges in size from ½ in.
(13 mm) through 2 in. (51 mm) and conforms to the OD dimensions of copper
tube size (CTS). Included in this standard are criteria for classifying PE plastic pipe
materials, a system of nomenclature for PE plastic pipe, and requirements and test
methods for materials, pipe, and tubing. Methods of marking are given.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide the requirements for materials,
testing and inspection, and shipping of PE pipe and tubing for potable water,
wastewater, or reclaimed water systems.
Sec. 1.3 Application
This standard can be referenced when purchasing and receiving PE pressure
pipe and tubing for use in potable water, wastewater, or reclaimed water systems.
This standard can be used as a guide for manufacturing this type of pressure pipe
and tubing. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been
referenced and then only to ½ in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm) PE pipe and
tubing for potable water, wastewater, or reclaimed water service.
Section 2: REFERENCES
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This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,

these documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified within
the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall
prevail.
ANSI* Z17.1—American National Standard for Preferred Numbers.
ASTM† D638—Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.
ASTM D792—Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity
(Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement.
ASTM D1238—Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermo-
plastics by Extrusion Plastometer.
ASTM D1505—Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the
Density-Gradient Technique.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and tubing 3
ASTM D1598—Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe

Under Constant Internal Pressure.
ASTM D1599—Standard Test Method for Short Time Hydraulic Failure
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings.
ASTM D1603—Standard Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin
Plastics.
ASTM D2122—Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of
Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings.
ASTM D2239—Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter.
ASTM D2737—Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing.
ASTM D2837—Standard Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials.
ASTM D3035—Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter.
ASTM D3350—Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
Fittings Materials.
ASTM D4218––Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black
Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique.
ASTM F412—Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems.
AWWA Manual of Water Supply Practices M55: PE Pipe—Design and
Installation.
CSA* B137.1—Polyethylene Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Cold Water
Pressure Services.
NSF† /ANSI 60—Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects.
NSF/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects.
PPI‡ TR 3—Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis
(HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB), Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum
Required Strengths (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials for Pipe.
PPI TR-4—PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Strength De-
sign Basis (SDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB) and Minimum Required Strength
(MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials for Pipe.
* Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6.
† NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113.
‡ Plastics Pipe Institute Inc., 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062.
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4 AWWA C901-08
Section 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

1. Hydrostatic design basis (HDB): The categorized long-term hydro-
static strength in the circumferential or hoop direction established in accordance
with ASTM D2837 and PPI TR-3.
2. Hydrostatic design stress (HDS): The maximum allowable hoop
stress in the pipe wall for pipe that is subjected to sustained long-term hydrostatic
pressure. The hydrostatic design stress is determined by multiplying the hydrostatic
design basis by design factor for water service. HDS ratings for PE materials are
published in PPI TR-4.
3. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or pro-
duces materials or products.
4. Polyethylene plastic: Thermoplastic material prepared by poly-mer-
ization of no less than 85 percent ethylene and no less than 95 percent of total
olefins by weight, plus the addition of compounding ingredients.
5. Pressure class (PC): For polyethylene pipe or tubing, the PC is a
numerical classification for maximum sustained internal pressure water at 80ºF
(27ºC) and lower service temperature with specified maximum allowances for
pressure surges.
2 # HDS)
PC = 2 # HDS = (Eq 1)
(SDR - 1) (SIDR + 1)
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6. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases

any materials or work to be performed.
7. Standard dimension ratio (SDR): A specific ratio of the average
specified OD to the minimum specified wall thickness (OD/t) for OD-controlled
plastic pipe, the value of which is derived by adding one to the pertinent number
selected from ANSI Preferred Number Series 10. Some of the values are as
follows:

ANSI Preferred Number

Series 10 SDR
5.0 6.0
6.3 7.3
8.0 9.0
10.0 11.0
12.5 13.5
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16.0 17.0
20.0 21.0
25.0 26.0
31.5 32.5
40.0 41.0
50.0 51.0
63.0 64.0
(See reference: ANSI Z17.1)
8. Standard inside dimension ratio (SIDR): A specific ratio of the aver-
age specified ID to the minimum specified wall thickness (ID/t ) for ID-controlled
plastic pipe, the value of which is derived by subtracting one from the pertinent
number selected from ANSI Preferred Number Series 10. Some of the values are
as follows:
ANSI Preferred Number
Series 10 SIDR
5.0 4.0
6.3 5.3
8.0 7.0
10.0 9.0
12.5 11.5
16.0 15.0
20.0 19.0
25.0 23.0
31.5 30.5
40.0 39.0
50.0 49.0
63.0 61.0
(See reference: ANSI Z17.1)

6 AWWA C901-08
9. Supplier: The party that supplies materials or services. A supplier

may or may not be the manufacturer.
Section 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Permeation

The selection of materials is critical for potable water, wastewater, and re-
claimed water service and distribution piping in locations where there is likeli-
hood the pipe will be exposed to significant concentrations of pollutants comprised
of low-molecular-weight petroleum products, or organic solvents or their vapors.
Research has documented that pipe materials such as polyethylene, polybutylene,
polyvinyl chloride, and asbestos cement; and elastomers, such as used in jointing
gaskets and packing glands, are subject to permeation by low-molecular-weight
organic solvents or petroleum products. If a potable water, wastewater, or reclaimed
water pipe must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to con-
tamination, consult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls,
jointing materials, etc., before selecting materials for use in that area.
Sec. 4.2 Materials
4.2.1 General. Commercial virgin PE material compounds shall meet
ASTM D3350 requirements and shall be classified per ASTM D3350 as shown in
Table 1. The material compound shall have HDB ratings at 73°F (23°C) and 140°F
(60°C), and HDS ratings at 73°F (23°C), determined in accordance with ASTM
D2837 and PPI TR-3.* When tested in accordance with ASTM D1598, virgin
PE material compound shall meet Table 2 requirements applicable to the material
designation code.
4.2.2 Compound. The PE material in the pipe or tubing shall contain
color and/or ultraviolet (UV ) stabilizer meeting the requirements of Code C or E
per ASTM D3350. Code C material shall contain 2 percent to 3 percent carbon
black when material from the pipe is tested in accordance with ASTM D1603 or
ASTM D4218. Code E material shall contain sufficient UV stabilizer to protect
the pipe or tubing against UV degradation for at least 24 months of unprotected
outdoor exposure.
4.2.3 Rework materials. Clean rework materials derived from pipe pro-
* PPI listed HDB and HDS ratings are published in PPI TR-4.
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duction by the same manufacturer are acceptable as part of a blend with virgin
material for the manufacture of new pipe or tubing, provided that the following
are true:
1. The cell classification or material designation code of the rework
material is the same as the virgin material compound to which it is added.
2. The rework materials in their preprocessed, virgin form comply
with Sec. 4.2.1 of this standard.
3. Finished products containing rework material shall meet the re-
quirements specified by the purchaser and Sec. 4.3 of this standard.
4.2.4 Certification. PE compounds shall be tested and certified as suit-
able for use with potable water by an accredited testing agency acceptable to the
purchaser, in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than the
applicable requirements in NSF/ANSI 61.
Sec. 4.3 Pipe and Tubing
4.3.1 Workmanship. Pipe and tubing shall be homogeneous throughout;
free from voids, cracks, inclusions, and other defects; and as uniform as commer-
cially practical in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties. Surfaces of
the products shall be free from scratches, gouges, voids, blisters, and other imper-
fections that may affect wall integrity or joining.
4.3.2 Dimensions and tolerances. Pipe and tubing at 73.4°F ± 3.6°F
(23°C ± 2°C) shall conform to the applicable dimension requirements specified in
Table 3, Table 4, or Table 5. Measurements shall be made in accordance with
ASTM D2122.
4.3.3 Toe-in for OD-controlled pipe and tubing. When measured in ac-
cordance with ASTM D2122, the OD at the cut end of pipe or tubing shall not be
more than 1.5 percent smaller than the specified average OD. Measurement of the
undistorted OD shall be made no closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300
mm), whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe.
4.3.4 Special OD-controlled sizes. When agreed upon between the man-
ufacturer and the purchaser, other ODs and wall thicknesses within the scope
of this standard shall be considered acceptable if the pipe meets the following
requirements:
1. The pipe shall be made from only the materials listed in this
standard.
2. PC and test requirements shall be established on the same basis as
that used by this standard for the listed diameters and wall thicknesses.
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8 AWWA C901-08
3. The tolerance on OD shall not exceed ±0.3 percent of the average
special OD, or +0.6 percent of the minimum special OD, and the tolerance on wall
thickness shall not exceed +12 percent of the minimum special wall thickness.
4.3.5 Elevated-temperature sustained-pressure test. Elevated-temperature
sustained-pressure tests for each Table 1 material designation used in production
at the facility shall be conducted per ASTM D1598, Table 2, and Sec. 5.2 using
water as the pressurizing medium. The “test sample” shall be three specimens of
a generally representative pipe or tubing size. Select one Table 2 condition for the
material designation, and test the three test samples.
1. Passing results are (a) nonfailure for all three specimens at a time
equal to or greater than the “minimum average time before failure,” or (b) not
more than one ductile specimen failure and the average time before failure for all
three specimens shall be greater than the specified “minimum average time before
failure” for the selected Table 2, condition. For Table 2, conditions 1 through 5,
if more than one ductile failure occurs before the “minimum average time before
failure,” it is permissible to conduct one retest at a Table 2 condition of lower stress
and longer minimum average time before failure for the material designation. For
Table 2, condition 6, no retest is permissible. Brittle failure of any specimen when
tested at Table 2, condition 1 through 6, constitutes failure to meet this require-
ment and no retest is allowed.
2. Provision for retest (if needed): The retest sample shall be three
specimens of the same pipe or tubing size and material designation from the same
time frame as the “test sample.” For the retest, any specimen failure before the
“minimum average time before failure” at the retest condition of lower stress and
longer minimum average time before failure constitutes failure to meet this re-
quirement.
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4.3.6 Short-time burst strength. Pipe and tubing shall meet the minimum
burst pressure requirements specified in Table 6. To be acceptable, failure shall be
through the pipe or tubing wall, shall be ductile in nature, and shall display visible
yield deformation at the failure. A brittle or slit-like failure, or other shattering,
cracking, splitting, or weeping, shall not be acceptable. Tests for short-time burst
strength shall be conducted at 73.4°F ± 3.6°F (23°C ± 2°C) and in accordance with
ASTM D1599.

Provided by IHS under license with AWWA
Table 1 ASTM D3350 cell classification and property values for materials

Cell Classification* and Property Values
Material Designation Code
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Property PE 2606 PE 2706 PE 2708† PE 3608 PE 3708 PE 3710 PE 4608 PE 4708 PE 4710
Density (natural base resin) 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Melt Index 3-4 3-4 3-4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Flexural Modulus 3-4 3-4 3-4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥5
Tensile Strength at Yield ≥3 ≥3 ≥3 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4 ≥4
SCG Resistance 6 7 7 6 7 7 6 7 7
Hydrostatic Strength Classification 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
Color and UV Stabilizer C or E C or E C or E C or E C or E C or E C or E C or E C or E
HDB [at 140ºF (60ºC) per ASTM D2837 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
and PPI TR-3], psi (MPa)
HDS [at 73°F (23°C) per ASTM D2837 and 630 (4.6) 630 (4.6) 800 (5.5) 800 (5.5) 800 (5.5) 1,000 (6.9) 800 (5.5) 800 (5.5) 1,000 (6.9)
PPI TR-3], psi (MPa)
* ASTM D3350 cell classification values reflect typical property values for numerous lots of the material and do not include variability in testing or manufacturing
tolerances. Values for individual material lots can vary from typical values. Contact the manufacturer for information about variability in testing and material
manufacturing tolerances.
† Shading indicates the most commonly used material designations.
Not for Resale, 03/18/2009 14:55:55 MDT

Licensee=ATLATEC S A DE C V/5972499002
‡ HDB at 140°F (60°C) per ASTM D2837 and PPI TR-3 required; contact manufacturer for listed value.
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Table 2 Elevated temperature sustained pressure test requirements

PE 2606, PE 2706, PE 2708*, PE 3608, PE 3708,

PE 4608, PE 4708 PE 3710, PE 4710
Test Temperature, ºF Test Pressure Hoop Minimum Average Time Test Pressure Hoop Minimum Average Time
Condition (ºC)‡ Stress†, psi (kPa)‡ Before Failure, hours‡ StressB, psi (kPa)‡ Before Failure, hours‡

1 176 (80) 670 (4,620) 170 750 (5,170) 200
10 AWWA C901-08
2 176 (80) 650 (4,480) 340 730 (5,020) 400

3 176 (80) 630 (4,345) 510 705 (4,870) 600
4 176 (80) 610 (4,210) 680 685 (4,715) 800
5 176 (80) 590 (4,070) 850 660 (4,565) 1,000
6 176 (80) 580 (4,000) 1,000 640 (4,415) 1,200
* Shading indicates the most commonly used material designations.
† Calculate internal test pressure in accordance with
P= 2S 2S
=
t t
b OD - 1l b ID + 1l
Where P = test pressure, psig (kPa); S = test pressure hoop stress, psi (kPa); OD = measured OD, in. (mm); t = measured minimum wall thickness, in. (mm);
ID = measured ID, in. (mm).
‡ Test temperature tolerance 6± 3.6ºF (6± 2ºC). Test pressure tolerance 6± 5 psi (6± 35 kPa); test pressure hoop stress values are rounded to the nearest 5 psi or
5 kPa.
Note: Table 2 conditions are based on PE validation requirements per PPI TR-3. Condition 6 is 85 percent of Condition 1 test pressure hoop stress, and six times
greater than Condition 1’s minimum average time before failure. Conditions 2 through 5 are linear stress and time interpolations between Conditions 1 and 6.

The intent of multiple conditions is to maintain equivalent performance criteria and to provide for retest in the event of ductile failure. An equivalent perfor-
mance requirement may be determined by arbitrarily choosing a test pressure hoop stress between conditions 1 and 6 and linearly interpolating the minimum
average time before failure. For example, for PE 3710 and PE 4710 material, a 670 psi test pressure hoop stress would result in a minimum average time before
failure of 927 hr: 200 + (750 – 670)  [(1,200 – 200) / (750 – 640)] = 927.
Table 3 ID PE pipe—ID-controlled: inside diameter, SIDR, and wall thickness*

Inside Diameter, in. Wall Thickness, in.
Nominal SIDR 19† SIDR 15 SIDR 11.5 SIDR 9 SIDR 7 SIDR 5.3

ID Pipe
Size Average Tolerance Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol.
½ 0.622 +0.010 — — — — — — 0.069 +0.020 0.089 +0.020 0.117 +0.020
-0.010
¾ 0.824 +0.011 — — — — 0.072 +0.020 0.092 +0.020 0.118 +0.020 0.155 +0.020
-0.015
1 1.049 +0.010 — — — — 0.091 +0.020 0.117 +0.020 0.150 +0.020 0.198 +0.024
-0.020
1¼ 1.380 +0.010 — — — — 0.120 +0.020 0.153 +0.020 0.197 +0.024 0.260‡ +0.031
-0.020
1½ 1.610 +0.015 — — — — 0.140 +0.020 0.179 +0.020 0.230 +0.028 0.304‡ +0.036
-0.020
2 2.067 +0.015 0.109 +0.020 0.138 +0.020 0.180 +0.020 0.230 +0.028 0.295‡ +0.035 0.390‡ +0.047
-0.020
2½ 2.469 +0.015 0.130 +0.020 0.165 +0.020 0.215 +0.025 0.272‡ +0.033 0.353‡ +0.042 0.466‡ +0.056
-0.025
3 3.068 +0.015 0.161 +0.020 0.205 +0.025 0.267‡ +0.032 0.341‡ +0.041 0.438‡ +0.053 0.579‡ +0.069
-0.030
* To convert inches to millimeters, multiply by 25.4.

† SIDR 19 sizes applicable to Table 1 density cell classification 3 and 4 materials only. Compared to lower SIDRs, SIDR 19 may kink more easily when bent and
requires additional care in installation to prevent kinking.
‡ For 0.250 in. and greater wall thickness, special mechanical fittings may be required to prevent pullout.
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Table 4 IPS PE Pipe—OD-controlled: diameter, SDR, and wall thickness*

Outside Diameter, in. Wall Thickness, in.

†
Nominal SDR 21 SDR 17 SDR 13.5 SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.3
Pipe Size Average Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol. Min. Tol.

½ 0.840 ±0.004 — — — — — — 0.076 +0.020 0.093 +0.020 0.115 +0.020
12 AWWA C901-08
¾ 1.050 ±0.004 — — — — 0.078 +0.020 0.095 +0.020 0.117 +0.020 0.144 +0.020
1 1.315 ±0.005 — — — — 0.097 +0.020 0.119 +0.020 0.146 +0.020 0.180 +0.022
1¼ 1.660 ±0.005 — — — — 0.123 +0.020 0.151 +0.020 0.184 +0.022 0.227 +0.027
‡
1½ 1.900 ±0.006 — — — — 0.141 +0.020 0.173 +0.021 0.211 +0.025 0.260 +0.031
‡ ‡
2 2.375 ±0.006 0.113 +0.020 0.140 +0.020 0.176 +0.021 0.216 +0.026 0.264 +0.032 0.325 +0.039
‡ ‡ ‡
2½ 2.875 ±0.007 0.137 +0.020 0.169 +0.020 0.213 +0.026 0.261 +0.031 0.319 +0.038 0.394 +0.047
‡ ‡ ‡ ‡
3 3.500 ±0.008 0.167 +0.020 0.206 +0.025 0.259 +0.031 0.318 +0.038 0.389 +0.047 0.479 +0.057
† SDR 21 sizes applicable to Table 1 density cell classification 3 and 4 materials only. Compared to lower SDRs, SDR 21 may kink more easily when bent and requires
additional care in installation to prevent kinking.
‡ For 0.250 in. and greater wall thickness, special mechanical fittings may be required to prevent pullout.
Table 5 CTS PE tubing—OD-controlled: diameter, SDR and wall thickness*

Outside Diameter, in. Wall Thickness, in.
SDR 11 SDR 9

Nominal Tubing Size Average Tolerance Min. Tol. Min. Tol.
½ 0.625 ±0.004 — — 0.069 +0.010
¾ 0.875 ±0.004 0.080 +0.010 0.097 +0.010
1 1.125 ±0.005 0.102 +0.010 0.125 +0.012
1¼ 1.375 ±0.005 0.125 +0.012 0.153 +0.015
1½ 1.625 ±0.006 0.148 +0.015 0.181 +0.018
2 2.125 ±0.006 0.193 +0.119 0.236 +0.024
Table 6 Minimum short-term burst pressure* for pipe and tubing at 73°F (23°C)

Minimum Burst Pressure, psi (kPa)†
PE 2606 PE 3608 PE 3708

SDR SIDR PE 2706 PE 3710 PE 4608
In. In. PE 2708‡ PE 4708 PE 4710
26.0 24.0 202 (1,394) 232 (1,601)
21.0 19.0 252 (1,739) 290 (2,001)
17.0 15.0 315 (2,174) 363 (2,505)
13.5 11.5 403 (2,781) 464 (3,202)
11.0 9.0 504 (3,478) 580 (4,002)
9.0 7.0 630 (4,347) 725 (5,003)
7.3 5.3 800 (5,520) 921 (6,355)
* See Table 1 for ASTM D3350 material density cell classification.
PB = 2S 2S
=
(SDR - 1) (SIDR + 1)
Where:
PB = minimum burst pressure, psi (MPa)
S = minimum hoop tensile stress, psi (MPa)
For Table 1 ASTM D3350 density cell classification 2 materials, S = 2,520 psi (17,388 kPa);

For Table 1 ASTM D3350 density cell classification 3 and 4 materials, S = 2,900 psi (20,010 kPa).
SDR = Standard Dimension Ratio
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SIDR = Standard Inside Dimension Ratio
† To convert psi to kPa, multiply by 6.9.
‡ Shading indicates the most common material designations.
hand using an appropriate tool, so that the outside surfaces of the pipe are in full
contact with each other, beginning at a distance equal to one wall thickness from the
crotch of the bend (see Figure 1). When visually inspected while in the bent
condition, there shall be no indication of any cracking or crazing on the original
14 AWWA C901-08
inner surface (bore) of the pipe wall.
One Wall Thickness
Original Inside Surface
Figure 1 Bend-back test

Figure 1 Bend-back test
4.3.7 Bend-back test. Two 5⁄8-in. (16-mm) rings shall be cleanly and
squarely cut from the pipe or tubing. Each of these rings shall be cut in half to
form two semicircular, arc-shaped specimens. The cuts in the second ring shall be
at 90° from those of the first ring so that each specimen represents one quadrant
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of the full circumference of the pipe wall. Each of the halves shall be bent back,
in a vise or by hand using an appropriate tool, so that the outside surfaces of the
pipe are in full contact with each other, beginning at a distance equal to one wall
thickness from the crotch of the bend (see Figure 1). When visually inspected while
in the bent condition, there shall be no indication of cracking or crazing on the
original inner surface (bore) of the pipe wall. The elongation at break test may be
substituted for this test.
4.3.8 Pipe ends and length. Pipe and tubing shall be provided with squarely
cut plain ends. Lengths and tolerances shall be as required by the purchaser. If not
otherwise specified, the tolerance on length for pipe and tubing at 73.4°F ± 3.6°F
(23°C ± 2°C) shall be ±0.5 percent of the required length.
4.3.9 Elongation at break test. A sample of pipe or tubing shall be taken
from ongoing production. Four Type III or Type IV tensile specimens shall be pre-
pared from the sample per ASTM D638, one specimen from the middle of each
quadrant around the pipe circumference, cut longitudinally from the pipe wall.
Tensile specimen surfaces shall be smooth except that the pipe or tubing inside
surface area shall be left unaltered. For small pipe or tubing, specimens prepared
from adjacent lengths along the sample are acceptable. Each tensile specimen shall
be tested in accordance with ASTM D638 at 73.4°F ± 3.6°F (23°C ± 2°C) using a
cross-head separation speed of 2 in. (51 mm) per min. The elongation at break for
each tensile specimen shall exceed 400 percent. The bend-back test may be substi-
tuted for this test.

Section 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 General

5.1.1 Quality control program. The manufacturer shall have a documented
quality-control program that is designed to ensure pipe and tubing manufactured
in accordance with this standard is in conformance with this standard. At a
minimum, the manufacturer’s quality control program shall include checks and
tests to verify that the incoming materials conform to the requirements of this
standard, and checks and tests to verify that pipe and tubing produced conform
to the requirements of this standard. Checks and tests as specified in this standard
shall be conducted no less frequently than the intervals indicated in this standard,
unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
5.1.2 Certification. The resin supplier shall provide certification that the
commercial virgin PE material compounds supplied comply with the requirements
of Sec. 4.2.1.
Sec. 5.2 Tests for Qualification of Materials and Processes
5.2.1 Elevated-temperature sustained-pressure test. For each PE material
compound (material designation) per Sec. 4.2.1 and Table 1 used to produce pipe or
tubing in accordance with this standard, elevated-temperature sustained-pressure
tests per Sec. 4.3.5 and Table 2 shall be conducted on a generally representative size
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of pipe or tubing produced from that PE material compound (material designation)
at the manufacturer’s production facility. Elevated temperature sustained pressure
tests shall be conducted when the PE material compound (material designation) is
first used in the manufacturer’s facility to manufacture pipe or tubing meeting this
standard and twice annually thereafter, such that the tests generally represent a first
half or a second half of the annual production at the facility.
Sec. 5.3 Tests for Product Quality Control
5.3.1 Incoming material. For each incoming lot of commercial PE mate-
rial, the resin supplier shall provide certification of melt flow index, density, and
thermal stability per Sec. 4.2.1. Incoming lots of PE materials shall be sampled and
tested for cleanliness, melt-flow index per ASTM D1238, and density per ASTM
D792 or ASTM D1505 by the pipe manufacturer.
5.3.2 Rework material. Rework materials shall meet the requirements of
Sec. 4.2.3 of this standard.
5.3.3 Dimensions. Dimensions of pipe and tubing produced from each

16 AWWA C901-08
extrusion outlet shall be measured at the beginning of production of a particular

material or size and thereafter either once per hour or once every coil, whichever
is less frequent.
5.3.4 Workmanship. Pipe and tubing from each extrusion outlet shall be
inspected for workmanship per Sec. 4.3.1, end cut and length per Sec. 4.3.8, and
markings per Sec. 6.1 at the beginning of production of a particular material or size,
and thereafter either once per hour or once per coil, whichever is less frequent.
5.3.5 Short-time burst strength. The short-time burst strength test shall be
performed on pipe and tubing produced from each extrusion outlet. Testing shall
commence at the beginning of production of a particular pipe or tubing size, shall
continue daily for the first week following the beginning of the pipe or tubing size
production, and shall continue weekly thereafter. If production is interrupted for
a period of eight hours or more, testing shall recommence after the interruption as
though at the beginning of production.
5.3.6 Bend-back and elongation at break tests. Either bend-back or elonga-
tion at break tests shall be performed on pipe and tubing produced from each extru-
sion outlet. Testing shall commence at the beginning of production of a particular
pipe or tubing size, shall continue daily for the first week following the beginning
of the pipe or tubing production, and shall continue at least weekly thereafter. If
production is interrupted for a period of eight hours or more, testing shall recom-
mence after the interruption as though at the beginning of production.
5.3.7 Carbon black content. Testing in accordance with ASTM D1603 or
ASTM D4218 for the carbon black content of black pipe or tubing shall be con-
ducted daily on samples taken from pipe and tubing from each extrusion outlet.
Sec. 5.4 Action After Failure to Meet Requirements
When pipe or tubing fails to meet a requirement of this standard, tests on
previously manufactured products shall be initiated and continued until all non-
conforming products from the particular extrusion outlet have been identified.
Products that fail to meet any specified requirement shall be rejected. Any pur-
chaser of rejected products shall be notified.
Sec. 5.5 Quality Control Records
The manufacturer shall maintain records of all quality control tests for a
period of not less than two years and, if requested, shall submit the pertinent
quality control test information to the purchaser.
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Sec. 5.6 Plant Inspection by Purchaser

5.6.1 Production notice. When plant inspection is specified by the pur-
chaser, the manufacturer shall provide the purchaser with adequate advance notice
of when and where production of ordered materials will begin.
5.6.2 Manufacturer’s responsibility. Plant inspection or the omission of
plant inspection by the purchaser shall not relieve the manufacturer of the respon-
sibility to provide materials complying with the applicable requirements of this
standard and the purchaser’s specifications.
5.6.3 Inspection limitations. The purchaser shall notify the manufacturer
in advance of the purchaser’s intent to conduct a plant inspection by bid submit-
tal requirements and by notice on the purchase order. If a manufacturer elects to
exclude inspection of proprietary manufacturing processes, the manufacturer shall
advise the purchaser of the exclusion upon receipt of the purchase order.
5.6.4 Plant access. The purchaser shall have access to those parts of the
manufacturer’s plant that are necessary for inspection. The manufacturer may re-
quire the purchaser to execute a nondisclosure agreement if proprietary manufac-
turing or other processes cannot be reasonably excluded from disclosure during the
purchaser’s plant inspection.
5.6.5 Inspection aids. During plant inspection, the manufacturer shall
make available for the use of the purchaser, without charge, tools and assistance
as appropriate for inspecting and handling materials. While at the manufacturer’s
plant, the purchaser shall be subject to the manufacturer’s safety and personnel
rules and regulations. Product inspections, sampling, tests, and approvals by the
purchaser while at the manufacturer’s plant shall be conducted through appropri-
ate manufacturer personnel as designated by the manufacturer.
Section 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking

6.1.1 General. Pipe and tubing shall bear permanent identification mark-
ings that will remain legible during normal handling, storage, installation, and
service life and that have been applied in a manner that will not reduce the strength
nor otherwise damage the products.
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18 AWWA C901-08
6.1.2 Manufacturer’s certification. When the product is marked with the

designation of this standard, “AWWA C901,” the manufacturer affirms that the
product was manufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this
standard and has been found to meet the requirements of this standard.
6.1.3 Marking. Marking on pipe and tubing shall include the following
and shall be applied at intervals of not more than 5 ft (1.5 m):
1. Nominal size and diameter base (e.g., ID, OD, IPS, or CTS).
2. SIDR, SDR, or minimum wall thickness.
3. The manufacturer’s name or trademark.
4. The material designation code (e.g., PE 4710) in accordance with
Table 1. See footnote in Sec. 1.1.
5. The AWWA pressure class (e.g., PC 160) in accordance with
Table 7.
6. The AWWA designation number for this standard (e.g., AWWA
C901).
7. The manufacturer’s production (lot) code that includes information
such as resin source, manufacturing location, extrusion outlet (line), and manufac-
turing date.
8. If not included in the manufacturer’s production code, the manu-
facturing date, including day, month, and year in a recognized standard format.
The date format should be readily recognized as a date.
9. The seal or mark of the testing agency that certifies the pipe or tub-
ing material for potable water service in accordance with Sec. 4.2.3.
6.1.4 Special marking. If plant inspection is made by an authorized repre-
sentative of the purchaser, a special marking of no more than three letters specified
by the purchaser may be added to the marking. If such marking is to be included in
the printline marking, requirements shall be detailed in the bid specifications and
on the purchase order, and provision for such marking shall be made in advance by
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.1.5 Using color to identify piping service. It is not required to use color to
identify piping service, but when a manufacturer chooses to apply color expressly
to identify piping service such as with a printline color that contrasts with pipe
color, color stripes, a color shell on the pipe or tubing OD, or solid color, blue is
used for potable water piping service.
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Table 7 PE pipe and tubing: pressure class*

PC 80 PC 100 PC 125 PC 160 PC 200 PC 250
† † † † †
Material 80 psi 100 psi 125 psi 160 psi 200 psi 250 psi†

Code SDR SIDR SDR SIDR SDR SIDR SDR SIDR SDR SIDR SDR SIDR
PE 2606 17 15 13.5 11.5 11.0 9.0 9.0 7 7.3 5.3 –– ––
PE 2706 17 15 13.5 11.5 11.0 9.0 9.0 7 7.3 5.3 –– ––
‡ ‡
PE 2708 21 19 17.0 15.0 13.5 11.5 11.0 9 9.0 7.0 7.3 5.3
‡ ‡
PE 3608 21 19 17.0 15.0 13.5 11.5 11.0 9 9.0 7.0 7.3 5.3
‡ ‡
PE 3708 21 19 17.0 15.0 13.5 11.5 11.0 9 9.0 7.0 7.3 5.3
PE 4608 21‡ 19‡ 17.0 15.0 13.5 11.5 11.0 9 9.0 7.0 7.3 5.3
‡ ‡
PE 4708 21 19 17.0 15.0 13.5 11.5 11.0 9 9.0 7.0 7.3 5.3
‡ ‡
PE 3710 –– –– 21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 13.5 11 11.0 9.0 9.0 7.0
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‡ ‡
PE 4710 –– –– 21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 13.5 11 11.0 9.0 9.0 7.0
* See appendix A and AWWA manual M55 for information on surge pressure and water flow velocity.
† To convert to kPa, multiply by 6.9.
‡ SDR 21 and SIDR 19 sizes are limited to Table 1 density cell classification 3 and 4 materials only. Compared to lower SDRs and SIDRs, SDR 21 and SIDR 19
may kink more easily when bent and require additional care in installation to prevent kinking.

20 AWWA C901-08
Sec. 6.2 Shipping

Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, pipe and tubing shall be pre-
pared for standard commercial shipment.
Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance
If specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall certify that the products
shipped comply with the requirements of this standard.
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APPENDIX A
Internal Surge Pressure and Corresponding
Sudden Water Flow Velocity Change
This appendix is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C901.
Pressure class (PC) is the design capacity to resist working pressure up to

80°F (27°C) maximum service temperature with specified maximum surge pres-
sure allowances above working pressure.
Surge pressure is the maximum positive transient increase (commonly called
water hammer) that is anticipated in the system as the result of a change in velocity
of the water column.
Surge pressure allowances are integral to the PC and are applied above the
PC to accommodate positive transient surge pressures up to a numeric value of 50
percent of the PC for recurring (regularly occurring) surge pressure events such as
pump stop-start or control valve operation, and up to a numeric value of 100 per-
cent of the PC for occasional surge pressure events such as fire flow or “breaks” in
the system.* See AWWA manual M55.
Working pressure (WP) is the maximum anticipated, sustained operating
pressure applied to the pipe exclusive of transient pressures.
Working pressure rating is the design capacity to resist working pressure at
the anticipated operating temperature with sufficient capacity against the actual
anticipated positive pressure surges above working pressure. WPR may be equal to
or less than PC.
See AWWA manual M55 for pressure and flow design information, includ-
ing hydraulic surge pressure, hydraulic surge pressure allowance, working pressure,
* Polyethylene pressure pipe and tubing has different strength depending on load magnitude and duration.
Long-term strength to resist sustained internal pressure is determined by long-term tests and data analysis per
ASTM D2837 and PPI TR-3. Short-term allowances for pressure surge are determined by short-term strength
and fatigue evaluations. Because PE piping can withstand much higher repetitive short-term loads, short-term
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positive surge pressure allowance is separately applied above the long-term sustained pressure rating. During
steady pressure operation, the maximum allowable pressure in the pipe is the long-term sustained pressure rat-
ing. When a surge pressure event occurs, the maximum allowable pressure in PE piping is the long-term pres-
sure rating plus the occasional or recurrent surge pressure allowance. Surge pressure allowance is never applied
to increase the sustained pressure rating. Higher performing materials such as PE 4710, PE 3710, and PE 2708
have improved short-term strength and slow crack growth resistance properties that provide a significant safety
margin against occasional short-term surge pressures and improved fatigue resistance against repetitive cyclical
pressures.

22 AWWA C901-08
working pressure rating (WPR), water flow rates, and flow velocities.
Tables A.1 and A.2 are provided as a convenience for estimating water flow
velocities that correlate with surge pressure allowances in ANSI/AWWA C901 pipe
and tubing. Flow velocities higher than shown in the tables may be acceptable:
(a) when the potential for pressure surge is controlled by reducing the rate of water
flow velocity change; (b) where PC is greater than the required WP, the difference
may be added to surge pressure allowance, and (c) by using a higher PC to gain
greater surge pressure allowance. Standard surge pressure allowances are applied
above the PC and are always available for a surge pressure event, but are never ap-
plied to increase WP. WP is never permitted to exceed PC and may be lower than
PC if higher water flow velocity and the corresponding potential for surge pressure
exceeds the allowance for surge pressure. For a detailed discussion of surge pressure,
surge pressure allowances, and water flow velocities, see AWWA manual M55.
Example. PC 160 pipe subject to 140 psi maximum WP and (a) occasional
surge, and (b) recurring surge.
(a) From Table A.1, POS = 160 psi. In addition, the difference between PC
and WP may be applied to surge pressure, so the total allowance for surge pressure
is 160 + (160 – 140) = 180 psi. The surge pressure per unit velocity for PC 160 pipe
is 12.8 psi/fps; therefore an acceptable velocity for occasional surge in this example
pipe is 180/12.8 = 14.1 fps.
(b) From Table A.2, PRS = 80 psi. In addition, the difference between PC
and WP may be applied to surge pressure, so the total allowance for recurring
surge pressure is 80 + (160 – 140) = 100 psi. The surge pressure per unit velocity for
PC 160 pipe is 12.8 psi/fps; therefore, an acceptable velocity for recurring surge in
this example pipe is 100/12.8 = 7.8 fps.
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Table A.1 Pressure class, occasional surge pressure allowance, and corresponding sudden water
flow velocity change
Standard Allowance for

Occasional Surge Pressure Sudden Velocity Change
Pressure Class, PC Above PC, POS Corresponding to POS,
psi psi fps Surge
PE 2708 PE 2708 PE 2708 Pressure
PE 3608 PE 3608 PE 3608 Per Unit
PE 3708 PE 3708 PE 3708 Velocity
PE 4710 PE 4608 PE 2606 PE 4710 PE 4608 PE 2606 PE 4710 PE 4608 PE 2606 Change
PE 3710 PE 4708 PE 2706 PE 3710 PE 4708 PE 2706 PE 3710 PE 4708 PE 2706 psi/fps
250 250 250 250 15.5 13.8 16.2
200 200 200 200 200 200 13.9 12.4 10.8 14.4
160 160 160 160 160 160 12.5 11.1 9.7 12.8
125 125 125 125 125 125 11.1 10.1 8.7 11.3
100 100 100 100 100 100 10.0 8.9 7.8 10.0
80 80 80 80 8.0 6.9 8.9
kPa = psi  6.9; m/sec = fps  0.305
Table A.2 Pressure class, recurring surge pressure allowance, and corresponding sudden water
flow velocity change
Standard Allowance for

Occasional Surge Pressure Sudden Velocity Change
Pressure Class, PC Above PC, POS, PRS Corresponding to PRS,
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psi psi fps Surge

PE 2708 PE 2708 PE 2708 Pressure
PE 3608 PE 3608 PE 3608 Per Unit
PE 3708 PE 3708 PE 3708 Velocity
PE 4710 PE 4608 PE 2606 PE 4710 PE 4608 PE 2606 PE 4710 PE 4608 PE 2606 Change
PE 3710 PE 4708 PE 2706 PE 3710 PE 4708 PE 2706 PE 3710 PE 4708 PE 2706 psi/fps
250 250 125 125 7.7 6.9 16.2
200 200 200 100 100 100 7.0 6.2 5.4 14.4
160 160 160 80 80 80 6.3 5.6 4.8 12.8
125 125 125 63 63 63 5.6 5.0 4.3 11.3
100 100 100 50 50 50 5.0 4.4 3.9 10.0
80 80 40 40 40 4.0 3.5 8.9
kPa = psi  6.9; m/sec = fps  0.305

AWWA is the authoritative resource for knowledge, information and advocacy to improve the quality and
supply of water in North America and beyond. AWWA is the largest organization of water professionals in
the world. AWWA advances public health, safety and welfare by uniting the efforts of the full spectrum of
the entire water community. Through our collective strength we become better stewards of water for the
greatest good of the people and the environment.
1P-3.6M-43901-9/08-JP Printed on Recycled Paper
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ANSI/AWWA C901-08

(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C901-02)

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®

Effective date: Oct. 1, 2008.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Copyright American Water Works Association

American National Standard

Copyright © 2008 by American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

General Interest Members

S. Burn, CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Australia (AWWA)

W.I. Adams, WL Plastics Corporation, Cedar City, Utah (AWWA)

Copyright American Water Works Association

L.M. Bowles, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

Copyright American Water Works Association

Foreword 5.3 Tests for Product Quality Control....15

Copyright American Water Works Association

5 CTS PE Tubing—OD-Controlled: A.1 Pressure Class, Occasional

Copyright American Water Works Association

(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF

Copyright American Water Works Association

Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.

Copyright American Water Works Association

a. Standard code designation of the PE material.

Copyright American Water Works Association

and NSF/ANSI 14.

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and

Sec. 1.1 Scope

Copyright American Water Works Association

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,

Copyright American Water Works Association

ASTM D1598—Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe

Copyright American Water Works Association

The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

6. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases

Copyright American Water Works Association

ANSI Preferred Number

Copyright American Water Works Association

9. Supplier: The party that supplies materials or services. A supplier

Sec. 4.1 Permeation

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Not for Resale, 03/18/2009 14:55:55 MDT

Table 2 Elevated temperature sustained pressure test requirements

Provided by IHS under license with AWWA

Copyright American Water Works Association

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

2 176 (80) 650 (4,480) 340 730 (5,020) 400

Not for Resale, 03/18/2009 14:55:55 MDT

Copyright American Water Works Association

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Not for Resale, 03/18/2009 14:55:55 MDT

Table 4 IPS PE Pipe—OD-controlled: diameter, SDR, and wall thickness*

Provided by IHS under license with AWWA

Copyright American Water Works Association

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Table 5 CTS PE tubing—OD-controlled: diameter, SDR and wall thickness*