ELECTRON/CS

RNS INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 1

Industrial Electronics
QUESTIONS/HOMEWORK
The application of Electronics in Industrial
Operation and Control
1. One type of circuit control device which
Industrial Electronics
may be manual, automatic or multi-contact.
• POWER CONTROL System
A. fuse C. switch
• Industrial Electronic System
13. breaker D. relay

POWER CONTROL System 2. One of the following electronic

Circuit Control Devices semiconductor devices known as diac,
• Manual Switches & Rheostats
function as
• Relays and Breakers A. four terminal multidirectional switch
• Variabie R~actance & X'formers 8 . two- terminal bi-directional switch
• Electronfc Switches C. two terminal unidirectional switch
O. three terminal bi-directional switch
Vacuum Tubes ..
• DIODE 3. A four-elemel'lt solid state device that
• TRIO.DE combines the characteristics of both diodes
• TETRODE and transistors.
A. varctor C. tunnel diode
• PENTODE
8 . zener diode D. SCR
DIODE
·• By John Ambrose Flemming in 1904 4. How do you stop conduction during which
• "FLEMMING VALVE" SCR is also conducting?
• Unilateral devi.c e that can act as a A. remove voltage gate
8 . increase cathode voltage
Rectifier
C. interrupt anode current
TRIODE
D. reduce gate current
• By Lee De Forest in 1906
• "AUDION"

.TETRODE
• By Henry Round in 1926
• Can operate at higher frequency
• Eliminates lnterelectro,de
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Capacitance
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PENTODE
11,_ • Developed to reduce "Secondary
Emission"

Electronic Switches
• Shockley Diode ·
• SCR - .Silicon Controlled Rectifier
• DIAC - diode AC
• TRIAC - Triode AC
• SCS ...; Silicon ControlJed Switch
• UJT - Unijun.ction Transistor
• PUT- Programmable UJT

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2 RNS - INDUSTRIAL . ELECTRONICS

Shockley Diode 5 · A tool used to set contact clearances on a

• a ·f our layer diode relay
• · a dual terminal pnpn divice A. burnis.hing tool
• a unilateral or unidirectional device B. point bender
C. screw driver
'A D. feeler gage
p
n 6. What is the simplest type of switch?
p A. relay C . knife switch
B. toggle switch D. AND
n
K 7. Which are the three terminals of a triac?
Con?truction A. Gate, anode _1 and anode 2
Eq.,ivalent O rcUit B. gate, source, sink
C. base, emitter, terminal
I D. emitter, base 1 and base 2

8. Find the two stable state operating

conditions of an SCR.

SP
. K
Symbol
.
Reverse
Breakdown
Voltage
A. conducting and n_on-conducting
B. oscillating and quiescent
C. NPN conduction and PNP conduction
D. forward conducting -and reverse
Charactersistic Curve conducting

SCR - Silicon-Controlled Rectifier 9. Thyratrons in industrial electronics refers to

• a three-terminal four layer device
A. a gas-filled diode
• a thyristor (the most popular power .
B. a vacuum tube
controller)
C. gas-filled triode
• gated Shockley diode
D. an electron diode
• semiconductor equivalent of a
thyra_!ron

A
p

n
K K
Construction Equivalent Circuit

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RNS - INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 3

SCR - Silicon-Controlled Rectifier 10. A triac is a/an _ _ equivalent of two'

SCRs.
A. series C. parallel-series
B. inverse-parallel D. .parallel

11. A triac behaves like two - -

A. diodes in series .
B. resistors and one diode
C. four-laye~ diodes in parallel
D. inverse-parallel connected SCRs with
common gate

12. When an SCR is triggered or on

Characteristic Curve conduction , its electrical characteristics are
similar to what other solid-state device (a·s
measured between its cathode and
anode)?
DIAC - diode AC A. the junction diode
tux- B. the varactor diode
• a two-terminal, bilateral, #tree-layer
semiconductor device that exhibits .C. the tunnel diode
negative resistance when the D. the hot-carrier diode
applied voltage exceeds the ·
breakdown value. 13. Why is a diode placed across the coil
• a gateless TRIAC portion of a relay?
A. to protect the relay against incorrect
• used to trigger larger thyristors
polarity
B. to increase current flow
C. to protect relay from high voltage
transients when the magnetic field
collapses
D. to speed up switching

.,Symbol
Bidirectional-Oiode·Thyristor mac Characterist:c Curve

TRIAC - Triode AC
• a bidirectional triode
thyristor
• two SCRs
connected back to
back in parallel,
G • gated DIAC
Al
Equivalent Circuit
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4 RNS - INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

TRIAC - Triode AC 14. Portion in the welding process interval

during which the welding current is flowing
I is called _ _ .
A. cool sub-interval
B. released interval
·C. squeeze interval
D. heat sub-interval

15. The SCR is primarily used for what

function?
A. for power switch on and off
Characteristic Curv e B. for voltage variable
C. for variable capacitance
D. for variable resistance

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16. When an SCR is forward biased, what is
needed to cause it to conduct?
A. an anode .signal
B. a gate signal
SCS- Silicon Controlled Switch C. a cathode signal
• Similar construction of the SCR D. an emitter signal
• Has two gate terminals
• 'Can be turned "on" on either gate 17. The UJT has how many PN junctions?
A. two C. one
B. three D. four
UJT- Unijunction Transistor
• Does not belong to the thyristor family
18. The area between base 1 and base 2 in a
• Has a single PN junction UJT acts as what type of common circuit
component?
PUT- Programmable UJT A. variable capacitor
• A type of thyristor and not like the B. constant resistor
UJT in terms of construction C. variable inductor
D. variable resistor
Industrial Electronic System ·
• Automatic Welding System
• Servo System

Automatic Welding System

The 5 basic intervals in automatic welding:

• squeeze interval
• weld interval
o heat subinterval
o cool subinterval
• hold interval
• releas-=!
• standb•j interval
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RNS INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 5

Squeeze Interval 19. The sequential rise in voltage between the

• The welding electrode comes forward two bases of the UJT is called what?
and engage the metal, pressing A. voltage gradient C. rise time
against the surface. Squeeze time is B. decay time 0. charging
about 1s.
20. What is the no_rmal cu_rrent path for a UJT?
Weld Interval A. From base 1 to the emitter
• The welding transformer is energized, B. From base 2 to emitter
current flows and create a weld. C. From base 1 to the base 2
• Current is on and offin short burst 0. From emitter to base 2
called pulsation.
29. It uses a weak control signal to move large
o · Heat subinterval- current is
loads to a desired position with great
on
o Cool subinterval-current is accuracy.
off A. A synchro system
B. A servo system
• - About 2 to 10 seconds
C. A gyro system
0 . A feedback system
Hold Interval
• Weld interval"is finished but the
30. Servo systems are also classified
electrode pressure is maint~ined on
according to their functions:
the metal surface for the weld to
A. Accelaration
harden.
B. Velocity
• About 1 second C. Power
0 . Position
Release •
• The weld electrode is retracted A. A, B and C only
B. A, B, C, and 0
Standby Interval C. AC and O only
• Time after release interval to the next D. A, B, and O only
start sequence
31 . It is a small generator that generates a
SERVO SYSTEM voltage proportional to its shaft speed.
• Uses a weak control signal to move A. tachometer
large load to a desired position wit~ B. position servo
-
great accuracy. C. velocity servo
0 . accelerometer
CONTROL SYSTEM
• OPEN LOOP
. • CLOSED LOOP
AMPLIFIED
SIGNAL,\

INPUT
, Slli"l/' I
J
I
AMPLIFIER 11--...a..
\__.,. MOTOR _J!.U_Tf~l-rn
SHAFT LOAD
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6 RNS - INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

The SERVO SYSTEM is classified as a 32. To reduce the time lag in servo system the
closed- loop system when it is capable of: gain of the servo amplifier could be _ _
• Accepting an order and defining the A. increased C. decreased
desired result, · B. damped D. halved
• Evaluating present conditions,
• Comparing the desired result with 33. To minimize the problem of overshoot in
present conditions and obtaining a servo system can be done by
difference or an error signal, A. increasing of amplifier gain
• Issuing a correcting order, and B. damping
changing the existing conditions to C. decreasing the amplifier gain
the desired result, and D. overdamping_
• Obeying the correcting order.
34. In serv·o systems, it is the application of
CLASSIFICATION-OF SERVO friction to the output shaft or load that is
• POSITION proportional to the output velocity.
• VELOCITY A. rub damping
• ACCELERATION · B. load damping
. C. friction damping
POSITION SERVO D. magnetic damping
• CONTROLS the position of the load
35. _ _are used when power from a
conventional servo amplifier is too small to
AC position servo
drive large servo motors either de or ac.
• the amplitude and phase of the ac
A. control amplifiers
error signal determine the amount B. magnetic amplifiers·
and direction the load will be driven. C_.transistor amplifiers
D. servo amplifier
DC position servo
• the amplitude and polarity of the de
error signal are used to determine the
amount and direction the load will be
driven.

VELOCITY SERVO
VELOCITY of the output is sensed rather than
position of the load.

FEEDBACK LOOP
• TACHOMETER
o Used to sense the speed of
the load.

INPUT
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M OTOR - ---1 L O ~O

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RNS INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

36. Coined the term ROBOT

ACCELERATION SERVO
• similar to the velocity and position
servos except that the acceleration of
the load is. being sensed rather than
the position or velocity.
• The tachometer of the velocity loop is
replaced with an accelerometer.
MODULATORS AND DEMODULATORS IN
SERVO SYSTEM
MODULATOR
• Used to change a de error signal into
an ac input error signal for servo
amplifiers.
• This device is required when ac servo
amplifiers are used instead of de
amplifiers.
A. Isaac Asimov C. Carel Kapek
' B. Isaac Robbus D. T. Maiman
37. The laws of robotics states that
A. A robot may not injure a human being ,
or, through inaction, allow a human
. being to come to harm.
B. A robot must obey the orders given it by
human beings except where such
orders would conflict with the First Law.
C. A robot must protect its own existence
as long as such protection does not
conflict with the First or Second Law.
.D. any of these
38. A humanoid ROBOT developed by MIT
A. asimo C. cog
B. kismet o:
seaglider

DEMODULATOR
• Convert ac error signals to de error
signals.
• The de signal is required to drive a de
servo amplifier.

ROBOTICS

· ROBOT
"A reprogrammable, multifunctional
. manipulator designed to move material, parts,
tools, or specialized devices through various
programm·ed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks"

Robot Institute of America, 1979

• first used in 1920 in a play called "R.U.R."

Or "Rossum's universal robots" by the
Czech writer Karel Capek.

ROBOTICS
• Refers to the study and use of robots .
• coined and first used by the Russian-born
.American scientist and writer Isaac .
Asimov ·
• first mentioned in his story "Runaround" in
1942.

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1
l Three Laws of Robotics: ISt:1~ A-,i\11'\0V
39. The first generation AIBO was released in
l 1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, A. 2006 C.2004
j
i . through inaction, allow a human being to B. 1999 · 0.2000
i come to harm.
I 40. "the science and engineering of making
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by intelligent machines"
human beings except where such orders A. Al C.ROBOT
would conflict with the First Law. B. ROBOTICS D. I robot
3. A robot must protect its own existence as 41. In robotics,._·_is any device under tl)e
long as such protection does not conflict control of the robot that affects the
t
with the First or Second Law.
environment.
A. actuator ·c. arm
Asimov later adds a "zeroth law" to the list: B. effector D. locomotion
Zeroth law: A robot may not injure humanity, 42. The robotics motion is describe by
or, through inaction , allow humanity to come to
harm. A. locomotion C. arm
B degrees offreedom D. actuator
Kismet
Decides proper emotional response to stimuli
and exhibits corresponding facial expression ,
body posture, and vocal quality

Asimo - (Advanced Step in Innovative

Mobility)
Honda's Asimo
• Able to walk freely (can change stride
speed)
• Able to balance on one foot
• Able to climb stairs
• Able to manipulate objects
• Space- & cost-efficient

AIBO (Artificial Intelligence roBOt)

1996 - Prototype with small body, camera,
microphones, and batteries
• Trouble balancing
• Required further development of software

COG
• Cog is a humanoid robot
• developed by MIT for the purpose of
exploring numerous subfields of human
and artificial intelligence.
• It does not have a .singular central unit like
a brain, but instead is .composed of a
heterogenous network of different
processors .

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