The demand for food grains is on the rise every year as the population of the country increases but as

far as the land under the cultivation is concerned it remains fixed. The only way to match up the
demand is to increase the productivity of the land under cultivation. The advent of the artificial
intelligent and its application in this filed holds certain potential for the growth of this sector. India
invests heavily in genetically modified crop seeds. Yet it is being observed that without crop protection
products the pulse crop yield can fall by around 30 %. However, in a country with most data tells you
that more than half of India’s population lives on or off agriculture. It is also important that the farmers
are taught about the responsible use of pesticides. In this report we will be presenting a program to
reduce the use of not only pesticides but also the use of fertilizers. The optimum ratio for the nutrient
mix in the soil i.e. Nitrogen (N): Phosphorous (P): Potassium (K) ratio is 4:2:1 this ratio is also called
the NPK ratio. However the flawed fertilizer policy of India (the various subsidy and the cost incurred
by the government of India in order to facilitate the fertilizers in different corners of the country as a
part of the policy not only increases the material cost of urea but also various transportation costs)
and rampant use of the urea have skewed the ratio more towards the content of Nitrogen in the soil.
For example, NPK ratio in 2013 in Punjab was 61.7:19.2:1; in Haryana, it was 61.4:18.7:1; in Rajasthan,
it was 44.9:16.5:1; and in Uttar Pradesh, it was 25.2:8.8:1. The deterioration in fertilizer mix will not
only have an impact on productivity of crops but also on long-term soil health. No wonder, over the
years, there has been a decline in the fertilizer response ratio.

If we can limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers to places where it really requires and time when it
is required, not only it will reduce the cost inputs of farming but also solve many problems like
environmental deterioration. All these measures will work in the way of making agriculture a
sustainable development. To start with, there has to be a proper mechanism to capture the state of
the plant. With the state I mean Sensors for Early Crop Disease Detection. Since early detection can
successfully control disease, farmers use these methods for to protect their crop. Although we can
regularly keep on sending samples of plants to laboratory for testing of pest and the health of leaves.
But, in a country like India it is not feasible to make the arrangement work in large scale. Instead we
can apply indirect methods to do the same. This is based on the principle of change in the transpiration
due to pest or fungal infestation of the leaves. The thermal radiation from the plant changes as its
leaves are affected by the fungal infection. An automated system detects and sends signal to the
server and helps in early identification of the affected area. Post which the affected area may be
treated. The viability of the project depends on the advancement in the technology to capture changes
in the thermal emission of the plants. Standing at the present moment the need has not been realised
as a result the demand has not been created for this high end advanced sensors and cameras. The
price of this thermal cameras have been set above $ 2000. When the production of these sensors are
done on an economies of scale a detailed cost benefit analysis s to be done. And a right decision may
be taken. The cost that is being saved after installing the excessive use of different pesticides. The cost
of added labour. The risk of getting the whole crop field wiped out due to pests and fungal infestation.
Pathogen presence on a leaf is captured by fluorescence method