Physical

Chemistry for Engineers 1

Problem Set no. 4
Equilibrium and Free Energy

For all items, observe 2 decimal places in the final answers.

1) Two moles of an ideal gas are compressed isothermally and reversibly at 1000 C from a pressure of
10 to 25 atm. Find Q, W, ΔU, ΔH, ΔS, ΔA, and ΔG for the process.

2) Calculate the difference in ΔG and ΔA for the following reaction at standard state:

1
𝐻!(!) + 𝑂!(!) → 𝐻! 𝑂(!)
2
3) Find the ΔrG at standard state of the formation of liquid ethanol from solid carbon, hydrogen gas,
and oxygen gas using the ΔfG.

4) For each of the following reactions, calculate ΔrG from their reaction enthalpy and reaction entropy
values.

5) For the reactions in no. 4, calculate ΔrG from their ΔfG values.

6) Calculate the change in the entropies of the system and the surroundings, and the total change in
entropy, when a sample of nitrogen gas of mass 14 g at 298 K and 1.00 bar doubles its volume in
(a) an isothermal reversible expansion, (b) an isothermal irreversible expansion against pex = 0,
and (c) an adiabatic reversible expansion.

7) Suppose that 3.0 mmol N2(g) occupies 36 cm3 at 300 K and expands to 60 cm3. Calculate ΔG for
the process.

8) Calculate the change in Gibbs energy of 35 g of ethanol (mass density 0.789 g cm−3) when the
pressure is increased isothermally from 1 atm to 3 atm.