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Directive Issue: C
PURPOSE:
This Directive defines the minimum requirements for the qualification and approval of personnel involved in
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).
This Directive constitutes a company "Written Practice" as defined in NAS 410 & EN 4179 "Qualification
and Approval of Personnel for Non Destructive Testing".
SCOPE:
These requirements include training, experience and examinations for personnel performing NDT for and
behalf of Airbus.
<SUMMARY_END>
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Qualification and Approval/Certification
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................5
2 Applicability........................................................................................................................6
2.1 Implementation ..................................................................................................................6
2.2 Methods/Techniques .........................................................................................................6
2.3 Responsible Level 3 ..........................................................................................................7
2.4 Outside Agency .................................................................................................................7
3 Definitions ..........................................................................................................................8
3.1 Approval ............................................................................................................................8
3.2 Certification (Third Party) ...................................................................................................8
3.3 Certification Body...............................................................................................................8
3.4 Direct Readout Instrument .................................................................................................8
3.5 Item ...................................................................................................................................8
3.6 Nominated Level 3 (Airbus UK)..........................................................................................8
3.7 Responsible Level 3 (Airbus Operations GmbH) ................................................................9
3.8 Responsible Level 3 (Airbus Operations S.A.S. France) ....................................................9
3.9 Responsible Level 3 (Airbus Operations S.L. Spain) ........................................................10
4 Requirements for Levels of Qualification and Approval ....................................................11
4.1 Levels of Qualification......................................................................................................11
4.2 Requirements for Qualification .........................................................................................11
4.2.1 Trainee ...................................................................................................................11
4.3 NDT Level 1 "Limited" ......................................................................................................11
4.4 NDT Level 1.....................................................................................................................12
4.5 NDT Level 2.....................................................................................................................12
4.6 NDT Level 3.....................................................................................................................13
4.7 Instructors ........................................................................................................................13
4.8 Auditors ...........................................................................................................................13
5 Education Training and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification ........................15
5.1 NDT Levels 1 and 2 .........................................................................................................15
5.2 Training Programmes ......................................................................................................15
5.3 Qualification Examinations...............................................................................................16
5.4 Visual Acuity Examination - All Levels .............................................................................16
5.4.1 Near Vision Acuity ..................................................................................................16
5.4.2 Colour Contrast Differentiation ................................................................................16
5.5 Route to Qualification for Level 1 and 2 ...........................................................................17
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1 Introduction
This Directive describes:
− the policy and establishes the framework for the control and administration of NDT
training, qualification, examination and approval of personnel engaged in NDT,
− the responsibilities for each level of approval in determining the acceptability of
materials or items in accordance with the applicable codes, standards, specifications
and procedures,
− a scheme that meets the requirements of Airbus, the requirements of the National
Airworthiness Authorities NAS 410 & EN 4179.
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2 Applicability
The intention of this Directive to standardise the training and approval of NDT personnel
throughout Airbus where NDT is required.
Note: With respect to Suppliers and Subcontractors of Airbus, Appendix D specifies the
requirements on their "Written Practice".
2.1 Implementation
This Directive is based on the latest edition of NAS 410 and the equivalent version of
EN 4179 which merges the NDT approval requirements of NAS 410 and EN 4179.
2.2 Methods/Techniques
The main NDT methods covered by this Directive are:
− Liquid Penetrant Inspection (PT)
Fluorescent - Post Emulsified, Pre Emulsified (Water Washable), Solvent Removable
− Magnetic Particle Inspection (MT)
Fluorescent - Continuous Wet, Residual
− Radiographic Testing (RT)
Conventional & Filmless Radiography
− Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Contact, Immersion & Bond Testing
− Eddy Current Testing (ET)
High & Low Frequency - Phase & Impedance - Rotary & Surface, Conductivity
− Thermography Testing (IRT)
Transient Thermography, Lockin Thermography
This list is not exhaustive. Other methods may be added when the certification rules have
been formulated.
Note: For Airbus France the Methods & Techniques in CCA PP 94 001 (French NANDTB)
apply.
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The Responsible Level 3 shall be certified in accordance with this standard as a Level 3 in one
or more NDT methods and shall have a thorough knowledge of the written instructions, codes,
specifications and standards used by the employer.
He/she shall also have a thorough knowledge of the materials, components, product
technologies, NDT methods and NDT techniques used by the employer.
The Responsible Level 3 may be an outside agency but in this case he/she can only qualify
personnel, as only the employer can certify personnel.
The Responsible Level 3 or the NANDTB (when used) shall ensure that NDT training
programmes and associated examination procedures meet the requirements of this procedure.
A legal Airbus entity may nominate (in writing) several Responsible Levels 3 depending on its
own organization.
The NDT Instructors/Examiners shall have full knowledge of the Written Instructions, codes,
specifications and standards utilised by Airbus.
− The individual shall also be knowledgeable in the materials, components and product
technology and techniques utilised by Airbus.
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3 Definitions
(See NAS 410/EN 4179 for a list of common definitions not listed below).
3.1 Approval
A written statement from the employer that an individual has met the applicable requirements
of this procedure and includes authorisation to perform certain methods.
3.5 Item
Item is used to include a part, sub-assembly, assembly, constituent assembly, component or
piece of equipment.
An independently centrally certified Level 3 who has been appointed as being technically
responsible for the NDT training, approval and the airworthiness aspects of the NDT work
undertaken and whose appointment has been agreed by the CAA.
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When the Nominated Level 3 is not qualified in all NDT methods used by the Organisation,
those methods shall be covered by additional centrally certified personnel.
The Nominated Level 3 fulfills the same role and duties as a "Responsible Level 3" except that
the Nominated Level 3 shall be Independently Centrally Certified as defined in CAP 747
GR23).
The Nominated Level 3 may delegate specific training and/or qualification to other Level 3
personnel.
A certified Level 3 who has been appointed as being technically responsible for the NDT
training and the airworthiness aspects of the NDT work undertaken within Airbus Operations
GmbH.
When the Responsible Level 3 is not qualified in all NDT methods used by the organisation,
those methods shall be covered by additional certified personnel Level 3.
The Responsible Level 3 may delegate specific training and/or qualification to other Level 3
personnel.
When the Responsible Level 3 is not qualified in all NDT methods used by the organisation,
those methods shall be covered by additional certified personnel Level 3.
The Responsible Level 3 may delegate specific training and/or qualification to other Level 3
personnel.
The Responsible Level 3 is indicated by the employer to ensure that the requirements of this
procedure are respected and to act in the name of the employer for the tasks indicated in the
present procedure as being responsibility for Responsible Level 3. These tasks are specified
in various paragraphs of the COSAC procedure CCA PP 94001 (Appendix 1).
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A certified Level 3 who has been appointed as being technically responsible for the NDT
training and the airworthiness aspects of the NDT work undertaken within Airbus Operations
S.L. Spain.
When the Responsible Level 3 is not qualified in all NDT methods used by the organisation,
those methods shall be covered by additional certified personnel Level 3.
The Responsible Level 3 may delegate specific training and/or qualification to other Level 3
personnel.
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Level 2 or Level 3 personnel shall supervise trainees only in methods for which they are
approved. A trainee shall not independently conduct any tests, interpret or evaluate the results
of a test or report test results.
4.2.1 Trainee
A trainee is an individual who is participating in a training program for an NDT method and is
not approved.
Trainees shall:
− Obtain work experience under the guidance of a Level 2 or Level 3 in the same
method,
− not make accept or reject decisions,
− not independently conduct tests,
− not independently perform any other NDT function.
The number of training hours, experience hours, number of examination questions and the
length and validity of the approval (not to exceed the limits in clause 6.1) shall be established
for Level 1 "Limited" personnel based on a documented case-by-case assessment of the
specific testing needs by the Level 3 in the method.
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In no case shall the training hours and number of examination questions be less than 25% of
the minimum required for Level 1 in the applicable method. Experience hours shall be not less
than 10% of those required for Level 1 in the applicable method.
The case-by-case justification for using Level 1 "Limited", Airbus's approval, the training and
experience hours, the number of examination questions, the specific NDT test to be performed
and the specific hardware to be tested shall be documented in the employee's records.
Note: For work performed for and on behalf of Airbus Level 1 "Limited" and Level 1 personnel
shall not interpret results.
Only where there are clear accept/reject criteria requiring no interpretation may a Level 1
"Limited" or Level 1 certify items.
Note: In Airbus France written authorisation from the level 3 in the method is not necessary if
the Level 1 approval including these tasks had been granted by a NANDTB.
For work performed for and on behalf of Airbus Level 1 "Limited" and Level 1 personnel
shall not interpret results.
Only where there are clear accept/reject criteria requiring no interpretation may a Level 1
"Limited" or Level 1 certify items.
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4.7 Instructors
− Instructors shall have the skills and knowledge to plan organize and present classroom
instruction, practical exercises or on-the-job training in accordance with approved
course outlines. Instructors shall be designated by the NANDTB, the Responsible
Level 3 or his/her delegate or by the outside agency responsible for training.
− Training centres shall provide to the NANDTB, the Responsible Level 3 or his/her
delegate a list of the Instructors including their qualification, certification and expiry
date.
4.8 Auditors
Auditors assigned to carry out audits shall meet the following minimum requirements:
− be qualified in accordance with AP2183 as a Special Process Auditor,
− have satisfied the Manager responsible for Supplier Audits and Approvals that they
have received formal NDT Training in the methods to be audited and have a
comprehensive knowledge of NDT Quality Management System requirements,
− have demonstrated the ability to communicate with supplier personnel at all levels,
− have demonstrated a competency in report writing,
− have participated in at least three audits in conjunction with auditor(s) qualified to
perform NDT audits,
− have demonstrated the ability to organise and lead audits to the satisfaction of
observing auditor(s) qualified to perform NDT audits in at least two of the three
qualifying audits referenced above,
− have passed a recognised auditor training course covering:
• a review of the audit checklist,
• a review of prime contractor's specifications in the topic.
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The regular audits may be performed by a qualified auditor with three years practical
experience in the field of NDT Quality Control/Quality Assurance agreed by a Level 3 in the
method.
A person who is approved to Level 3 and who still works in the NDT field may be an auditor
provided they have the knowledge above.
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These requirements shall be met with the assistance of an Outside Agency or by an Instructor
designated by the Responsible Level 3.
Where a potential trainee has no documented evidence of formal academic attainment the
Level 3 shall conduct a selection test by means of a formal interview to determine the
candidates suitability.
Phase assessments undertaken during formal training courses conducted by the Outside
Agency/Instructor may additionally serve as a guide to the candidate's suitability for further
training and examination.
The organised training programme for each method shall include as a minimum the documented
syllabus contained in Appendix B and shall include sufficient phase assessments to assure that
the necessary information has been comprehended.
The Training/Examination Centres shall retain all training/examination records for a minimum of
6 years following cessation of approval. These records shall be made available to Airbus for
review upon request.
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Training obtained from a previous employer that is documented and verified may be
acceptable, however documented refresher training shall be provided.
The extent and content of such training shall be determined by a Level 3 approved in the
method for which training is required.
Where a colour perception deficiency is indicated (by misreading 4 or more of the 24 plates)
during the Ishihara 24 Plate test a further "trade test" shall be conducted to ascertain whether
the detected colour perception deficiency affects the individuals ability to perform the particular
NDT method.
This "trade test" shall be documented and the record of the test made available to Airbus
representative upon request.
Where a colour perception deficiency is indicated, the candidate may be restricted (e.g. a
candidate for UT may use monochromatic UT devices but not devices with coloured gates or
coloured "C-Scans").
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The minimum number of questions for each method shall be in accordance with Appendix A.
Possession of a current ASNT, EN 473 or ISO 9712 NDT certificate at the appropriate level
satisfies the general examination requirement.
Where a demonstration of radiation safety is required by the specific countries Health & Safety
system, personnel seeking approval in radiography shall sit a common radiation safety specific
theory examination.
The examination shall be "open book" and have a "multi-choice" or "true/false" nature. Where
specifications are provided for reference during the examination, candidates shall demonstrate
an understanding of the material and not quote the location of the information.
The minimum number of questions for each method shall be in accordance with Appendix A.
At least two test samples of differing configurations shall be processed for each method.
The test samples shall be representative of the products to be encountered by the candidate in
the performance of his/her duties with the employer.
The checklist shall address proficiency in the use and standardization of the equipment and
materials, adherence to procedural details and the documentation of the results.
If the candidate is to accept products, the checklist shall also include proficiency in the
interpretation and evaluation of indications and the NDT results shall be documented by the
candidate.
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At least two test samples of differing configurations shall be inspected, evaluated and the
results interpreted for each method. The candidate shall document the NDT results.
The test samples shall be representative of the products to be encountered by the candidate in
the performance of his/her duties with the employer.
The checklist shall include proficiency in the use and standardisation of equipment and
materials, adherence to procedural details, the accuracy and completeness of interpretation
and evaluation of indications.
The candidate shall prepare a written instruction in the method under examination, for use on
a sample provided by the NDT Examiner.
5.6 Route to Qualification for Level 3 (Also See 3.6 [Requirements for NL3
UK])
Level 3 personnel shall be examined by the following system based on the requirements of
NAS 410/EN 4179.
The examination shall be closed book and of a "multi-choice" nature and will take the following
format:
Basic Examination Level 3
a) Ten (10) questions relating to, NAS 410, EN 4179 and/or this
instruction (in Airbus France CCA PP 94 001) and it's administration
b) Twenty (20) questions relating to applicable materials, fabrication and
product technology
c) Twenty (20) questions of a Level 2 standard relating to the main NDT
Methods in use
Method Examination Level 3
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The examination shall be "Open book" and of a written, "multi-choice" or "true/false" nature.
When the candidate's duties will include inspection or evaluation of products, then proficiency
in performance of such tasks shall be demonstrated to the requirements of Level 2 in
accordance with 5.5.4.
A checklist shall be developed to assure the practical and technical adequacy of the
procedures prepared by the candidate and when applicable, the adequacy of the interpretation
and evaluation of indications.
None 4 years
Two years of engineering or science study at an accredited 2 years
technical school, college or university
Graduate or successful completion of at least three years 1 year
accredited science or engineering college or university program
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The administration and grading of all other examinations shall be the responsibility of the
Responsible Level 3 or his/her delegate or the applicable NANDTB for the method for which the
examinations are given.
The NANDTB or the Responsible Level 3 responsible may delegate in writing the administration
and grading of all examinations using multiple choice or true/false type questions and the
practical examinations to an NDT Examiner.
Responses to essay questions must be evaluated by the NANDTB or the Responsible Level 3 to
verify the candidate's adequate understanding of the subject matter.
In all cases, the ultimate responsibility for compliance with this procedure shall remain with the
employer.
The marking guide should be in the form of a list of competencies to be demonstrated with a
mark allocated to each.
The candidate for Approval shall achieve a minimum grade of 70% on the General and Specific
Examinations.
The candidate shall detect all discontinuities and conditions specified by the examination centre,
the NANDTB, the Responsible Level 3 or his/her delegate and achieve a minimum grade of 70%
in the remainder of the practical examination.
The candidate shall have an average score of no less than 80% in order to be eligible for
Approval.
All examination scores shall be of equal weight in determining the average score.
Where an Outside Agency is used, they shall use the appropriate, approved marking guide and
issue a Notice of Results for each candidate satisfying the above requirements.
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5.9.1 Re-Examination
Any candidate failing to attain the required grades shall receive suitable additional
documented training prior to re-examination in the failed aspects.
Candidates need only re-sit the sections of the examination in which they failed. A section is
defined as the Basic, General, Specific or the Practical Examination.
The re-examination shall not use the same examination paper or specimens that were used in
the initial examination. The written examination shall contain a minimum of 25% new questions.
If failed elements are not subject to re-examination within 12 months of the original
examination the complete set of Qualification Examinations shall be retaken.
5.10 Approval
Approval of all Levels of personnel to conduct or control NDT is based on demonstration of
satisfactory qualifications in accordance with this procedure.
Qualification in accordance with all aspects of this instruction shall result in the issue of a
certificate of qualification. This forms part of the record of approval.
Note: Where a demonstration of radiation safety is required by the specific countries Health &
Safety system, personnel seeking approval in radiography shall take a common
radiation safety specific theory examination.
5.11 Records
Records of approval shall be maintained for personnel for 6 years following cessation of
employment or approval.
Such records shall be made available to representatives of Airbus for audit purposes.
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− The latest written and practical examination results; scores for previous exams that
the individual has taken.
Note: Examination papers may be held by the Airbus Training Centre, Outside
Agency or NANDTB.
− Date and expiration of current approval(s).
− A summary of all previous NDT approval(s) with current employer.
− Training history that identifies source, type of training, dates of training and course
hours.
− Experience history, including any previous approval(s), both with current and previous
employers sufficient to justify satisfaction of experience requirements for approval.
− Results of the most-recent (i.e. current) visual acuity and colour perception
examinations.
− Extent and documentation of formal education, when used to meet qualification
requirements.
− The case-by-case justification, Airbus approval, the training and experience hours,
the number of examination questions, the length of the approval (up to 1 year), the
specific NDT test to be performed and the specific hardware to be tested by Level 1
"Limited" personnel.
− The name and signature of the Airbus representative authorising the approval.
− Ethical Commitment (where required by the NANDTB).
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6 Re-Approval of Personnel
Level 1 and Level 2 personnel shall be re-approved at intervals not to exceed five years.
Practical and specific examinations equivalent to those required for initial approval shall be
administered for Level 1 "Limited, Level 1 and Level 2.
Approval is considered to expire at the end of the corresponding month in which the approval
began.
6.2.1 Level 3
Level 3 personnel shall be re-approved at intervals not to exceed five years in accordance with
the credit system detailed in Appendix C or where insufficient credit is held by specific and
practical examination equivalent to initial approval.
If equipment operation or accepting items is required as part of the Level 3's duties, a full
practical examination equivalent to Level 2 is required.
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Approval shall:
− expire when employment is terminated or when the approval interval has lapsed with
no re-approval issued,
− be suspended when the visual acuity examination is overdue, the individual does not
perform in the method approved for at least 12 months or when the individual's
performance is found to be deficient in any manner,
− be deemed revoked when an individual does not perform in the method for at least
24 consecutive months or when the individual's conduct is found to be unethical or
incompetent.
Level 3 approvals that have been revoked may only be reinstated by specific and practical
examination equivalent to initial approval.
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8 Reference Documents
Doc Reference Title
9 Glossary
Always refer to AP2080 - LEXINET
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PENETRANT
FLAW 16 16 32 130 270 400 40 40 30 30 N/A
DETECTION
MAGNETIC
FLAW 16 16 32 130 400 530 40 40 30 30 N/A
DETECTION
EDDY CURRENT 40 40 80 400 1200 1600 40 40 30 30 N/A
ULTRASONICS 40 40 80 400 1200 1600 40 40 30 30 N/A
RADIOGRAPHY 40 40 80 400 1200 1600 40 40 30 30 15
Notes: (a) The Level 2 specific examination shall include a minimum of 5 questions relating to
product technology.
(b) The time allowed is 2 minutes per question and 5 minutes per calculation.
(c) The above NDT methods are further defined as having separate techniques within
each method (see 2.2). Each technique requires experience greater than or equal
to 10% of the required minimum experience hours listed for each method.
Certification in method may be restricted to specific techniques. Personnel
certification records shall list all techniques within each method for which approval
is issued. Evidence of accumulated experience in each technique shall be
maintained by candidates and reviewed for approval by the responsible Level 3
prior to examination.
CONDITION REQUIREMENTS
Condition A Level 1
Condition B Level 2, with prior Level 1 approval
Condition C Level 2, without prior Level 1 approval
Condition D Trainee experience for Level 1
Condition E Level 1 experience for Level 2
Condition F Trainee experience for direct approval to Level 2
(*): Experience in multiple methods may be accumulated simultaneously. Experience in
method must be at least half this time when remaining time is in other NDT methods when
approved by the NANDTB, the Responsible Level 3 or his/her delegate.
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Level 1 Limited
In no case shall the training hours (classroom) and number of examination questions be less
than 25% of the minimum required for Level 1 in the applicable method. Experience hours
shall be not less than 10% of those required for Level 1 in the applicable method.
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INTRODUCTION
The test methods included within this Appendix detail the syllabi to be covered to satisfy the
training and approval requirements of all methods.
Operators performing these tests are to be trained by an NDT Instructor and examined by an
NDT Examiner against each respective syllabus.
Unless otherwise stated the syllabi in regular case apply to Level 1 and 2 and those in italics
apply to Level 2 only.
Introduction
Summary of NDT methods, history of liquid penetrant inspection, fundamental principles
and applications.
Pre-cleaning
Reasons for pre-cleaning, methods of pre-cleaning, e.g. vapour degreasing, ultrasonic
cleaning, applications and effectiveness of the pre-cleaning techniques, pre-cleaning
methods and reasons why they shall or shall not be used.
Penetrant Techniques
Types of dyes, types of penetrant processes, categorisation of penetrants, penetrant
application, comparison of techniques.
Removal Techniques
Removers -solvent & hydrophilic, emulsifiers- lipophilic, how removers & emulsifiers work,
application of removers & emulsifiers, selection of removal technique.
Component Drying
Reason for drying, method of drying, selection of drying technique.
Development Techniques
Reasons for development, types of developers, method of application, selection of
developers, comparison of techniques.
Inspection
Inspection area, white light, ultraviolet radiation and fluorescence, ambient light,
cleanliness and component handling, true and false indications, types of discontinuities,
fixing and recording of indications, report writing.
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Post Cleaning
Reasons for post cleaning, methods of post cleaning, e.g. vapour degreasing, ultrasonic
cleaning, applications and effectiveness of the post cleaning methods.
Safety Precautions
Solvents and penetrants, ventilation, smoking, eating and drinking, clothing and footwear,
eye protection, ultraviolet radiation, fire hazards.
Miscellaneous
Glossary of terms used in liquid penetrant inspection, instruction writing, procedures and
specifications.
Introduction
Surface conversion coatings, chromic acid anodising, scope of course.
AFD
Applications, special requirements, characteristics of defects, renovation and repair of
aluminium alloy items, comparison with penetrant methods.
Terminology
Discontinuities.
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Introduction
Summary of NDT methods, History of Magnetic Particle Inspection.
Principles of Magnetism
Magnetic domains, nature of fields, magnets and their poles, lines of force, flux density
and its units, field strength and its units, leakage fields, ferromagnetic materials,
paramagnetic materials, diamagnetic materials.
Principles of Electromagnetism
Current flow, fields surrounding a conductor, right hand rule, coils/solenoids, right hand
grip rule, magnetic properties of a material, hysterisis curves, field distribution inside and
outside, magnetic and non-magnetic conductors.
Principles of Electricity
Currents, wave forms, single phase and three phase supplies, skin effects, measurement
of currents, sources of currents, choice of current waveform.
Methods of Magnetisation
Current flow, threader bar, magnetic flux flow, coil, induction, permanent magnets,
discontinuity direction with regard to the magnetic field, selection of magnetisation
technique, swinging (vector) field, sequential fields.
Magnetising Equipment
Portable, mobile, bench type, yokes, permanent magnets, prods, selection of equipment.
Preparation of Components
Reasons for pre-cleaning, pre-cleaning methods, surface finish, background and contrast
sprays, post cleaning methods, corrosion, corrosion protection.
Magnetic Inks
Oxides wet or dry, oxides fluorescent or colour contrast, carrier fluids, water conditioners,
permeability, magnetic rubber, application of inks, selection of inks, mobility.
Inspection
Inspection area, white light, ambient light, ultraviolet radiation and fluorescence,
cleanliness and component handling, types of discontinuities, true and false indications,
fixing and recording of indications, report writing.
Demagnetisation
Reasons for demagnetisation, residual fields, coercive force, Curie point, principles of
demagnetisation, equipment required, methods of checking for residual field strength.
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Safety Precautions
Solvents and inks, ventilation, smoking, eating and drinking, clothing and footwear, eye
protection, ultraviolet radiation, fire hazards, component arcing.
Miscellaneous
Glossary of terms used in magnetic particle inspection, instruction writing, procedures and
specifications.
RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION
Introduction
Summary of NDT methods, General principles of the examination of materials with
penetrating radiation, Radiation safety.
General areas of application.
Electromagnetic Radiation
The nature of X-rays, the nature of gamma rays, radiation spectrum, the quality of X-rays
and gamma rays, detecting and measuring X and gamma rays.
Sources of Radiation
The X-ray tube, the X-radiation spectrum, types of X-ray tube, types of X-ray machine,
special radiographic equipment, radioactive sources, the half life of a radioactive source,
activity, specific activity, half value layer, natural radioactive sources, artificial radioactive
sources, industrial radioactive sources.
The Radiograph
The radiation image, scatter, fluorescent intensifying screens, lead intensifying screens,
radiation absorption, radiographic filters, defect visibility, geometric factors affecting:
geometric unsharpness, inherent unsharpness, optimum sensitivity, finding the depth of
defect, half value layer, quality of radiation and contrast of the radiation image, the inverse
square law, radiography of defects of widely varying thickness, defects, the exposure
chart.
Image quality indicators, wire indicators, step wedge indicators, plate indicators.The X-Ray Film
Uses, structure of an X-ray film, manufacturing diagram, sensitometry, photographic
emulsions, latent image, development, developer, transparency, density, contrast,
exposure, characteristic curve, emulsion contrast, recommended developing time, effects
of developing time, recommended temperature, effect of agitation, poor results and their
possible causes, atinic radiation, contrast factor, gradient, average gradient, gamma,
range, exposure, interval, exposure range, interval of correct exposure, range of correct
exposure, latitude, effects of type of developer, use of characteristic curve.
Radiation Hazards
Hazards, protection, measurement by film badge and TLD, measurement by dosimeter,
measurement by monitoring instruments, measurement by medical examination.
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Terminology
Glossary of terms used in radiography.
X-Ray Department
The darkroom, the units, the components, process operations.
Techniques
Basic shapes, direction of beam, film positioning, typical beam parameters, film type, need
for screens, FFD magnifications, double films, affect of materials.
Scrutiny
Viewers, visual aids, marking of defects, film artefacts, overcheck requirements,
interpretation of indications.
Explanation of Defects
Instruction on the type of defects that can occur in the products being inspected.
Detectable Defects
Examples of typical defects that can be located by radiographic inspection.
Non-Relevant Indications
Examples of spurious indications that can be produced by radiographic inspection.
Evaluation of Indications
Radioactive materials
Production: - Neutron activation and nuclear fission, stable and unstable isotopes,
Becquerel (curie) - the unit of activity, half-life of radioactive materials, radioactive decay,
specific activity.
Types of Radiation
Particulate radiation: - alpha, beta and neutron, electromagnetic radiation: - X-ray and
Gamma-ray, X-ray and Gamma-ray production, Gamma-ray energy, energy
characteristics (line spectra) of radioisotope sources (Cobalt 60. Iridium 192 and
Ytterbium 169), energy characteristics (continuous spectrum) of X-ray machines.
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Survey instruments
Geiger-Muller tube, Ionisation chamber, Scintillation chambers, counters.
Calibration of survey instruments, care and use of survey instruments i.e. battery checks,
limitations, advantages.
Record keeping (dose rates).
Statutory Regulations
Ionisation Radiation Regulations:
− Designation of a classification worker, controlled and supervised area, Role of
the Radiation Protection Supervisor and the Advisor, Requirement for Local
Rules and Contingency Plans.
− Receipt, storage and disposal.
− Outside Worker Regulation.
− Transport Regulations.
Personal Dosimetry
Classification, medical surveillance, dose assessment, ADS dose record keeping, ALARP
investigation, exposure investigation, over exposure investigation, notification.
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X-ray sets
Use in compounds: exposure room, shielding, doors, interlocks, audible and visual
warnings, monitoring termination of X-ray emission.
Use on site: exposure area, setting of barriers, area monitoring and surveillance, warning
signs, audible and visual warnings, use of collimators, monitoring termination of X-ray
emission.
ULTRASONIC INSPECTION
Introduction
Summary of NDT methods, General principles of ultrasonic inspection, General areas of
application.
Properties of Ultrasound
Velocity, frequency, wavelength, wave modes.
Setting Up
Near surface resolution, working sensitivity, attenuation and grass recognition of flaw
signals.
Defect Evaluation
Flat bottom holes - side drill holes - distance amplitude correction curves.
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Wave Properties
Properties of Ultrasound
Relationship between sound pressure and material particle velocity, relationship between
sound intensity, acoustic impedance and material particle amplitude.
Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity materials, quartz, piezoelectric effects in ceramics the Curie temperature.
Sound Attenuation
Defect Evaluation
Flat bottom holes, side drilled holes, DAC curves.
Characteristics of Equipment
Signal to noise ratio, resolution, linearity of amplifier, beam spread, etc.
Transducer Design
Selection of: Piezoelectric crystal, backing material, frontal members, electrode type,
matching with instrument.
Transducer Characteristics
Resonant frequency, frequency spectrum, bandwidth, sensitivity, resolving power, working
range, focused transducers.
Automation
Distance echo correction, gating, dynamic test, calibration.
Explanation of Defects
Instruction on the type of defects than can occur in the products being inspected.
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Detectable Defects
Examples of typical defects that can be located by ultrasonic inspection.
Non-Relevant Indications
Examples of spurious indications that can be produced by the NDT process.
Evaluation of Indications
Instruction in the assessment of indications to the relevant quality acceptance standards.
Methods of NDT
New developments
Data presentation
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Introduction
Summary of NDT methods, Review of principles of eddy current inspection, Advantage
and limitations.
Principles of Electricity
Electrical Current, conductors, electromotive force, resistance, conductivity, direct current,
ohms law.
Magnetism
Lines of force, flux density, electromagnets, magnetic property of materials, hystersis loop.
Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays law, alternating currents, frequency, self-inductance, inductive reactance,
resistance, impedance, vector diagrams.
Indicating Devices
Analog meters, digital meters, oscilloscopes, strip chart recorders, display, strip chart
recorders, linear time base display, modulation analysis, reactance testing, feedback
controlled testing.
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Phase Analysis
Phase, impedance, impedance diagrams, content of independence diagrams,
development of impedance diagrams, normalisation of impedance diagrams, reference
numbers, factors affecting impedance diagrams (frequency, conductivity, cracks,
permeability, lift-off, fill factor, thickness of coatings).
Practical Applications
Calibration/test blocks, scanning speeds, scan patterns, bolt hole inspection, high/low
frequency inspection, probe to edge spacing fixtures and guides.
Detection of discontinuities
Examples of typical discontinuities that can be located by eddy current inspection.
Explanation of Discontinuities
Instruction on the type of defects that can occur in the products being inspected.
Non-Relevant Indications
Examples of non-relevant indications that can be produced by eddy current inspection.
Evaluation of Indications
Instruction in the assessment of indication to the relevant quality acceptance standard.
General
Heat Treatment
Monitoring, Mechanical test pieces, Explanation of heat treatment and temper condition
Material sorting
Principles
Theory of induction, Measurement of Eddy currents, Units of measurement
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THERMOGRAPHY TESTING
Introduction
Overview: NDT tasks in aerospace application, general principles of thermography testing.
Calibration
Requirements on calibration and reference blocks; calibration blocks; reference blocks;
requirements on simulated flaws.
Operational safety
Practical training
Basic experiment; taking into account external noise; efficiency of active thermography on
fibre composites; influence of surfaces; thermography testing for: liquid in honeycomb in
accordance with an example in-service test instruction, delaminations in monolithic fibre
composite material (including location and sizing), flaws in a fibre composite part with
stringers, flaw of repair in a spoiler, flaws in a sandwich structure with foam core.
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Application for re-approval shall be made to the Responsible Level 3 at least 14 days, but no
more than 4 months (with documentary evidence supporting points claimed) prior to the
expiration date of any valid Level 3 approval.
The candidate shall have been employed in a Level 3 function for a minimum of 36 months (at
least 12 of which are in the last 24 months) within the previous five years, in the Method(s) for
which re-approval is sought.
The number of months is cumulative and does not need to be consecutive months for
validation purposes.
Candidates shall provide objective evidence that they have kept up to date with current Non-
Destructive Testing technology in the Method(s) for which they are seeking re-approval/re-
certification by obtaining a minimum of 24 points during the 5 year period of Approval,
irrespective of the number of approvals (methods) obtained, by engaging in one or more of the
activities listed in Appendix A.
For Airbus France Appendix B of CCA PP 94 001 (French NANDTB procedure) shall
be included.
Activity Criteria Point Max Points
Allocation per 5 Years
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D.1 Introduction
The "Written Practice" shall allow that satisfaction of the requirements of the "Written Practice"
is achieved with the assistance of an Outside Agency, who have been reviewed by Airbus and/
or the NANDTB and are deemed acceptable to provide such services.
The intention of the "Written Practice" shall be to standardize the training and approval of NDT
personnel throughout its supplier base where NDT is required. The "Written Practice" shall
apply to:
− all personnel conducting NDT for and on behalf of Airbus to test and/or accept
materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies (items),
− those individuals directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods
used, as well as personnel performing external NDT technical audits or providing
NDT training for and on behalf of Airbus,
− individuals who are certified in accordance with EN 473 and perform NDT on raw
materials (e.g. tubes, plates, wires and profiles, etc.).
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The "Written Practice" shall have a note that points out that forgings and castings are
not considered to be raw materials and that they shall only be tested by personnel
approved in accordance with the "Written Practice".
The "Written Practice" shall not be intended to apply to:
− individuals who only have administrative authority over the personnel identified
above,
− research personnel developing technology for subsequent approval by a Level 3
qualified and approved in accordance with this procedure,
− individuals who perform measurements on the production line with direct readout
instruments.
The "Written Practice" shall be based on NAS 410 and the equivalent issue of EN 4179.
The main NDT methods covered by the "Written Practice" shall be as stated in NAS 410/
EN 4179.
The "Written Practice" shall require that the techniques within a method are detailed in the
written practice.
Definition of special terms used in the "Written Practice" shall be given in the "Written Practice".
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The "Written Practice" shall require that a Level 1 or a Level 1 Limited may accept/reject items
only where there are clear accept/reject criteria that require no interpretation.
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D.4.5.3 Requirements with Respect to Approval of Level 1 Limited and Levels 1, 2 and 3
Personnel
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The "Written Practice" shall require that the record table is as follows:
Type of record Responsible for Duration Format Location
Archiving
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Address: .......................................................................
1)
The Responsible Level 3 shall designate the source for administering the vision examination. If
medically qualified, the medical facility name is sufficient. If non-medically qualified, individuals
shall be identified.
Designation must be conducted prior to examinations being performed. The designation must
be in writing and may be in the form of a letter or via electronic means that specifies, by name,
those authorized to perform the vision examinations.
It is confirmed that the investigated person meets the visual acuity requirements accordance with
A1083.
Signature: ....................................................................
FM0902628
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Appendix F.
Application for Agreement of Supplier's Responsible Level 3
Date Date
Address Address
E-mail E-mail
UT RT ET MT PT Other
ASNT
PCN
EN 4179/
NAS 410
In accordance with the requirements of A1083, agreement is requested for our Responsible Level 3 in the following
methods and techniques.
Ultrasonic
Raw material, bar, billet, forgings and Carbon and/or glass
Aircraft structures
stampings fibre composites
Metallic bonded
Super plastic forming and diffusion bonding Other
structures
Radiography
Dense Dense
Aircraft structures Welds Castings
Light Light
Carbon and/or glass Super plastic forming and
Metallic bonded structures
fibre composites diffusion bonding
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FM1000682 Page 1 of 3
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Contributors
Name Function
Record of Revisions
Issue Date Reasons for Revision
If you have a query concerning the implementation or updating of this document, please
contact the Owner on page 1
This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property
rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be
reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and
its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do
not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the
supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis
thereof.
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REFERENCE A1083
Validation Report
ISSUE C DATE 12 Avr 2010
AUTHORIZATION
Name [Siglum] Date
GRIFFITHS IAN [QYA] 29 Avr 2010 Electronically validated
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