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How to Write a MA Thesis Proposal?
Based on Paul Wong, Ph.D, Trinity Western University Canada and adapted to standards of TAS studies of the
Jagiellonian University http://www.meaning.ca/archives/archive/art_how_to_write_P_Wong.htm
Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include
sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. The proposal should have sufficient
information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the
relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.
Content of a research proposal:
• Title:
It should be concise and descriptive. If possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title
pricks the reader's interest.
• Relevance of the research proposal
This introductory chapter contains
a. an introduction to the topic ‐brief introduction that is either historic, actual events, …
b. provision of the necessary background of the research problem ‐ for the back ground information the
“filter approach” is recommended – going from the general to the specific
c. literature overview ‐ the literature overview keeps you from “reinventing the wheel”, shows that you
know the most relevant authors and demonstrates your understanding of the most important theoretical
issues. The literature overview is not a bibliography in full sentences, but a categorisation and evaluation
of key literature relevant for the topic.
This part should be very concise and between 4 to 6 pages
• Hypothesis and research question
Your hypothesis and research question have to derive from the introduction provided. State your
research hypothesis you want to proof or disapprove. The hypothesis has to be worth to be proven or
not, do not state banalities or generally accepted knowledge.
A research question is to be formulated in such a way that answering it proves the research question. The
hypothesis and research question can be broken down into sub‐elements.
This part should not exceed 1/2 page
• Methodology
Methodology is the “art of how to answer research questions”. Many methods exist, which can be
grouped into quantitative methods basing on numbers expressing issues – where statistical tools find
their application ‐ or qualitative methods basing on the analysis of different kind of literature – here
qualitative methods of comparison, classification or evaluation are used.
There are also many methods aiming at expressing qualitative information in a numerical way, like
benchmarking, cost‐benefit analysis, questionnaires.
There are two ways of linking theory with empirical research ‐ deductive inquiry: proving an existing
hypothesis with empirical data and inductive inquiry – developing a new theoretical approach basing on
research undertaken.
It is important to explain how you are going to get the necessary data and how you are processing them.
½ to 1 page of methodology
• Proposed outline of your dissertation
The outline of the dissertation is showing how you combine the introduction, the existing literature, your
research methods and the expected findings in the written text.
Around four chapters are appropriate – There should be a balanced number of sub‐points in each chapter
Should fit on 1 page
• Bibliography
Select the most relevant literature for your proposal and organise them according their kind of literature:
primary sources (official documents, statistical material, …) and secondary sources (what scientists write
about it). This is not how you organise literature in a dissertation, but it makes it easier to assess the
quality of your research.
Minimum 40 positions are expected
The citations used and the bibliography are expected to fulfil the academic standards of TAS
(c) Robert Pernetta 1
TAS 102 - Research Methods in Culture Studies Summer 2010
How to Write a Literature Overview?
Based on Dena Taylor, University of Toronto, Canada and adapted to standards of TAS studies of the Jagiellonian
University http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/specific‐types‐of‐writing/literature‐review
What is a overview of the literature?
A literature overview is an account of what has been written and published on a topic. Besides giving a
structured overview of the most important literature a literature overview is a part of the introduction to
your thesis.
In writing the literature overview, your purpose is explain your reader what knowledge and ideas have been
established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are. As a piece of writing, the literature
overview should be guided by the problem you want to solve or issue at stake. It is not a descriptive list of
sources (that would be a annotated bibliography).
A good literature overview prevents you to re‐invent the wheel and helps you quickly to move forward in
your MA project.
In the literature overview you should demonstrate your ability of
• Information management:
o to seek, filter and structure information from books, articles and other sources,
o Important is to organise the literature to one or several criteria (chronology, different schools of
thought, theoretical and empirical literature, primary and secondary sources)
• Critical appraisal:
o identifying the key issues of the topic, the controversies that presently exist,
• Formulating a research agenda
o The conclusion of the literature overview should lead to the questions of your thesis, by
identifying where further research is needed.
Ask yourself following questions:
• Is the problem I deal with narrow enough to have an appropriate cover of the topic
• Who are the key authors?
• Have I critically analysed the literature? Is it a appropriate assessment, discussion of strengths and
weaknesses
• What are the authors’ research approaches (interpretation, critical, empirical, …)?
• What are the authors theoretical frameworks? (e.g. feminism, Marxism, behaviourism, post‐
modernism,…)
• What is the relation between theoretical frameworks and research approaches? (Some schools in
International Relations tend to use numerical methods, others analyse discourse, …)
• What are the authors’ intentions, do you consider them biased ? (think tank papers usually serve
somebody’s interests)
• Who is the audience of the literature? (scientists, decision makers, public,…)
• Is my research balanced? Does it include approaches that are opposite to the one chosen?
• Did I find all relevant material?
Final remarks:
A literature overview should be a discourse into a topic and not just a listing of literature. Your task is to show
that you have a grasp of the key issues at stake and different approaches that exist.
Organise your overview with paragraphs in a way that it helps the reader to find the way through the
literature.
A literature overview is not only a university assignment or a first step for a thesis (sometimes even a first or
second chapter of them), it is even more a form of academic literature.
Search for literature overviews in your topic, this way you learn about the key literature and learn also how to
write them.
(c) Robert Pernetta 2