University of Cape Town

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

Mathematics II Advanced Calculus (2AC)
Solution Class Test 1 18th March 2009
Time: 1.5 hrs

Note: Only calculators which have been approved by the Department of Mathematics
and Applied Mathematics may be used.

This paper consists of 2 pages of questions.

Section A Full Marks: 20

In this section full answers are expected. Marks will be deducted for incomplete solutions.

1. Given the curve C described by the vector function r(t) = (cos2 t − sin2 t, sin t cos t, t − π).
1
(a) If x = cos2 t − sin2 t and y = sin t cos t, noticing that x = cos2 (2t) and y =
sin(2t), it
2
follows that x + 4y = 1. Hence, the curve C lies on the elliptic cylinder x + 4y 2 = 1.
2 2 2

(b) r 0 (t) = (−2 sin(2t), cos(2t), 1). Hence

√ r 0 (0) 1 1
r 0 (0) = (0, 1, 1), |r 0 (0)| = 2 ⇒ T (0) = 0
= (0, √ , √ )
|r (0)| 2 2

(c) The point (1, 0, −π) corresponds to t = 0.

r 00 (t) = (−4 cos(2t), −2 sin(2t), 0) ⇒ r 00 (0) = (−4, 0, 0) .

Hence
¯ ¯
¯ i j k ¯
¯ ¯ √
r 0 (0) × r 00 (0) = ¯¯ 0 1 1 ¯¯ = (0, −4, 4) ⇒ |r 0 (0) × r 00 (0)| = 4 2 .
¯ −4 0 0 ¯
√
|r 0 (0) × r 00 (0)| 4 2
Thus κ(0) = = √ = 2.
|r 0 (0)|3 2 2
(c) The plane P perpendicular to the curve C at the point (1, 0, −π) has normal vector
r 0 (0). Hence, the cartesian equation of P is given by

(0, 1, 1) · (x − 1, y, z + π) = 0 ⇒ y + z = −π .

[2, 2, 5,2]

 x sin y

 p 2 if (x, y) 6= (0, 0),
x + y2
2. Consider the function f (x, y) =



0 if (x, y) = (0, 0) .
 |x|
(a) Notice that p | sin y| ≤ | sin y|. Thus lim f (x, y) = 0 = f (0, 0). Thus f is
x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0)
continuous at (0, 0).
One could also use polar coordinates and find that

lim f (r cos θ, r sin θ) = 0 uniformly in θ .

r→0

(b)
f (h, 0) − f (0, 0) 0−0
fx (0, 0) = lim = lim = 0.
h→0 h h→0 h
Similarly
f (0, h) − f (0, 0) 0−0
fy (0, 0) = lim = lim = 0.
h→0 h h→0 h
(c) We need to find the limit

f (x, y) − f (0, 0) − fx (0, 0)(x − 0) − fy (0, 0)(y − 0) x sin y

lim p = lim .
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

Along the line y = x we find that

x sin y x sin x sin x 1
lim 2 2
= lim 2
= lim =
(x,y)→(0,0) x + y x→0 2x x→0 2x 2

while along the line x we find that

x sin y
lim = 0.
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

Therefore the function f is not differentiable at (0, 0)

[2, 2, 4]
µ ¶
2 2 2
3. ∇f (x, y, z) = , , ⇒ ∇f (1, 1, 1) = (2, 2, 2). Hence,
x y z
u 1 1 2 4
Du f (1, 1, 1) = ∇f (1, 1, 1) · = (2, 2, 2) · ( √ , − √ , − √ ) = − √ .
|u| 6 6 6 6
[3]
 Section B Full Marks: 12

In this section, indicate only the correct answer by filling in a, b, c, d, or e in the relevant
box provided on the attached sheet. Working will not be marked.

µ ¶
x−y
1. If f (x, y) = arctan then
1 + xy
(a) fxx − fyy = 0; (b) (1 + y 2 )fx − (1 + x2 )fy = 0;

(c) ∇f (0, 0) = (−1, 1); (d) (1 + x2 )fx + (1 + y 2 )fy = 0;

(e) (1 + x2 )fx + (1 + y 2 )fy = 1; .

[3]
Solution: d

2. The value of the real number α such that the function



 α(ex − 1) sin y
 if x 6= 0 and y 6= 0,
f (x, y) := xy


 1 if x = 0 or y = 0 .

is continuous at (0, 0) is

1
(a) 0; (b) 2
; (c) −1; (d) 1; (e) e.
[3]
Solution: d

3. If a is a number in the interval (0, π2 ) then the length of the curve described by the vector
function r(t) = (et cos t, et sin t, 3) with 0 ≤ t ≤ a is equal to
√ √ ea √
(a) 2ea ; (b) 2(ea − 1); (c) √ ; (d) ea − 1; (e) e−a − 2.
2
[3]
Solution: b

4. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true:

p √
y 2 + 1 − x2 + 1 1
(i) lim 2 2
=− ;
(x,y)→(0,0) x −y 2
(ii) if f, g : R → R are twice differentiable, then the function u(t, x) := f (x + ct) − g(x − ct)
satisfies the equation utt − c2 uxx = 0;
(iii) the arc length parameterization γ(s)¡of the¡curve
¢ described
¡ ¢ ¢by r(t) = (3 cos t, 3 sin t, 4t)
with 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π is γ(s) = r(s/5) = 3 cos 5s , 3 sin 5s , 4s
5
with 0 ≤ s ≤ 10π.
(iv) if C is a smooth curve described by the vector equation r : R → R3 , then the curvature
|r 0 (t0 ) × r 00 (t0 )|
κ(t0 ) of C at the point with vector position r(t0 ) is given by κ(t0 ) = ;
|r(t0 )|3
1
(v) if f (x, y) = arctan y then ∇f (x, y) = .
1 + y2
p
x2 y 2 p 4 − 4 cos( |xy|
(vi) since 2|xy| − < 4 − 4 cos( |xy|) < 2|xy|, then lim = 0.
6 (x,y)→(0,0) |xy|
 (a) (i),(ii), (iii) (iv); (b) (ii), (iii), (v); (c) (i), (iv), (vi); (d) (i), (iii), (vi); (e) (i), (ii), (iii).
[6]
√ √
5. If C is the curve described by the vector function√r(t)√= ( 2t, − 1 − t2 ), −1 ≤ t ≤ 3,
√ 2t,√
then the length of the arc of the curve C from (− 2, 2, 0) to ( 2, − 2, 0) is given by
Z π Z 3 Z π
4 4
3 3
(a) L = 2 sec θdθ.; (b) L = 2 sec θdθ.; (c) L = 2 sec3 θdθ.;
0 −1 − π4

Z π
4 R1
(d) L = sec3 θdθ.; (e) L = 2 −1
sec3 θdθ..
0
[3]
Solution: c
2 2 2
6. The level
√ surface of the function f (x, y, z) = ln(x + y + z ) passing through the point
(−1, 1, 2) is

(a) a circle lying on the plane x = −1; ; √

(b) the sphere with centre the origin
√ and radius 2;
(c) a circle lying on the plane z = 2;
(d) not a sphere ;
(e) the sphere with centre the origin and radius 2;
[3]
Solution: e
Z x
7. If a > 0, b > 0 and f (x, y, z) = cos(t2 )dt + arctan z then
y
√ √ √ √
(a) ∇f ( a, −√ b, 0) = (cos a, − cos b, 1) ; (b) ∇f ( a, −√b, 0) = (cos a, − sin b, 1);
√ √
(c) ∇f ( a, −√b, 0) = (sin a, − sin b, 1; (d) ∇f ( a, − b, 0) = (sin a, − cos b, 1) ;
√
(e) ∇f ( a, − b, 0) = (cos a, cos b, 1).
[3]
Solution: a
8. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true:
(i) if f : R2 → R is not differentiable at (0, 0), then fx (0, 0) and fx (0, 0) dot not exist;
(ii) if f : R2 → R is differentiable at (a, b), the tangent plane to the graph of f at the point
(a, b, f (a, b)) has cartesian equation: fx (a, b)(x − a) + fy (a, b)(y − b) − z + f (a, b) = 0;
(iii) if the functions f : R2 → R and r : R → R2 are such that r is twice differentiable
at t and f is differentiable at r 0 (t), then f ◦ r 0 is differentiable at t and (f ◦ r 0 )0 (t) =
∇f (r 00 (t)) · r 0 (t);
(iv) if f : R2 → R is such that fx (0, 0) = fy (0, 0) = 0, then f is not continuous at (0, 0).

(a) (i), (ii), (iv); (b) (i), (iii), (iv); (c) (iii), (iv); (d) (i), (iii); (e) (ii).
[4]

Solution: e
9. The vector function r(t) = (arcsin(t + 2), ln |t + 2|, arctan(t2 − t − 1)) has domain
(a) D = [−3, −1]. (b) D = (−3, −2); (c) D = (−2, −1];
(d) D = [−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1]. (e) [−3, −2).
[2]
 Solution: d

10. If g is a function differentiable at (a, b) such ∇g(a, b) = (2, 3), then the two unit vectors
u = (x, y) such that Du g(a, b) = 0 are
³ ´ ³ ´ ³ ´ ³ ´
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
(a) u1 = √
13
, − 13 and u2 = − 13 , 13 ; (b) u1 =
√ √ √ √
13
, 13 and u2 = − 13 , − 13 .
√ √ √

³ ´ ³ ´ ³ ´ ³ ´
(c) u1 = √2 , − √3 and u2 = − √213 , √313 ; (d) u1 = √2 , √3 and u2 = − √213 , − √313 .
13 13 13 13

³ ´ ³ ´
(2) u1 = √2 , √3 and u2 = − √25 , − √35 .
5 5
[3]

Solution: a