Lateral Load Example

Construction technologies in Japan
June 2017
Building Research Institute,
Japan
Matsutaro SEKI
Seki M., UTCB Lecture note, June 2017, BRI, Japan

Contents
1. PC, Pca Buildings
2. High rise buildings
3. Conclusions

What is the Concrete?
http://kenken-pc.com/intro/
Compressive Compressive
force force
Strong !
Tensile Tensile
force force
Weak !
Property of concrete

What is the PC structure?
Concept
Reinforced concrete
Concrete Beam
Beam
What is the PC structure?
Concept
Stress Stress
Prestressed concrete beam

How to make the PC member?
Prestressed Concrete
Jack Reaction frame
Reaction frame
Stressed steel wire
1. Stressing PC
steel wire
Stress PC wire by jack Bed
Construction of member, such as reinforcing

arrangement, shuttering, concrete casting and
curing keeping stressing PC steel wire
2. Casting
concrete and
curing

Prestressed Concrete
Relieving the stress of PC wire by
Cutting PC steel cutting introduces prestress force
wire into RC member
3. Cutting the PC Compression Compression

steel wire
Mechanism of anchorage of PC steel wire
Concrete
PC steel wire
After cutting the PC steel wire, Prestress is

introduced by the anchorage between PC steel wire
and concrete.

Posttensioned concrete
Form Sheath pipe http://kenken-pc.com/intro/
Rebar
1. Construction
of rebar, sheath
pipe and form
Bed
Member after casting
of concrete Sheath pipe
2. Casting of
concrete and
cure

Posttensioned concrete
Post stressing Grout injection after http://kenken-pc.com/intro/
force Jack post stressing
Fixing tool
3. Post stressing
PC steel wire and Compressive
grout injection force
Pull PC steel bar section Sheath pipe section

after checking the
concrete strength
PC wire
Grouting
Grouting for avoiding

the rust and the
integration with concrete
In case of post
stressing method

Posttensioning by jack
Jack
PC steel wire
http://www.geocities.jp/ars_ksj/kanri/kanri1.html
What is the PCa structure?
Pca concrete Pca concrete Pca concrete roof panel Non welding
floor panel Wall panel joint
Wall tile
prefabricated
Rebar for Vertical joint (sleeve joint)
at factory
vertical joint

Comparison of PC and RC structure (E-Defense)
PC RC
How to make the PCa member?
Construction of PCa panel at factory

PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
BUILDINGS IN JAPAN
By.
MASAYOSHI IMAMURA
P.S. Mitsubishi Construction Co., Ltd. Japan

2017-Cleveland, Ohio. USA. P.1
PRESENTATION CONTENT
1. Precast prestressed concrete moment-

resisting frame building
2. Building consisting of precast prestressed
concrete and steel moment frames
3. Super high-rise precast prestressed concrete
building
2017-PCI2016 PCI CONVENTTION

Convention JAPAN
and National Bridge Conference SESSIONCleveland, Ohio. USA. P.2
PRECST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME BUILDING
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF
HEALTH AND WELFARE
NARITA CAMPUS

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Building Summary
Owner : International University of

Health and Welfare
Design and Site Supervision :
P.S.Mitsubishi Construction Co.,Ltd.
Construction : P.S.Mitsubishi Construction Co.,Ltd.
Usage : University
Location : Narita-city, Chiba prefecture, Japan
Floors : 9-story with basement
Structure : Precast Prestressed Concrete
Structural System : Moment-resisting frame

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15
PLAN Y4
PC4
PG2
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC2
PG1
PC2
PG1
PC2
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG1
PC1
PG2
PC4
12000
PG13A
PG11
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG11
PG13
PC5 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC5
PG4 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG4
Y3
37000
13000
[PG14]
•G14•
[PG14A]
n
PG14A
[PG14]
[PG14]
[PG14]
[PG12]
PG12
PG14
PG15
PG14
PG14
PG14
PS3 PS3
[PG15A]
m
P
PC5 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3 PC3A PC3A PC3 PC3 PC3 PC5
Y2
12000
PG13A
PG13
PG11
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG13
PG11
PC4 PC1 PC1 PC1 PC1 PC1 PC2 PC2 PC2 PC1A PC1A PC1 PC1 PC1 PC4
Y1
6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000
SECTION RFL PC3

84000
PC3 PC3
900
PG3 PG3
4030
9FL PC5
PG4
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG3
PC3
PG4
PC5
4130
8FL PG4 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG3 PG4
4030
4030
36870
36770
4030
4130
4130
4130
4130
100
GL 1FL

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Column
X
Tie Hoop X
Main Reinforcement
18-D38 (390MPa) S13@100 (785MPa)
757.5 ▽2FL
975
Main Reinforcement
1305
18-D38 (390MPa)
Y
217.5
487.5 487.5
975
Top Cross Section Tie Hoop
S13@100 (785MPa)
4630
4130
Splice Sleeve Tie Hoop
Splice sleeve for(12U-X)
joint S13@100 (785MPa)
3325
757.5
975
Y Splice Sleeve
217.5
(12U-X)
487.5 487.5
▽1FL
220
975
487.5 487.5
Bottom Cross Section 975

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
“Lotus Root” unit (beam unit with beam-column joint)

X
Tie Hoop
Y Duct for Main Reinforcement D13@100
Main Reinforcement of Column (295MPa)
4-D35 (390MPa)
▽2FL
130
Duct for PC Tendon of
757.5
Longitudinal Direction Beam
975
Stirrup
995
865
D13@100
Y
217.5
Anchorage for
720 30 PC Tendon 487.5 487.5
Main Reinforcement
4-D35 (390MPa) 750 975
Beam Cross Section Beam-Column Connection Cross Section

Longitudinal Direction Beam
Main Reinforcement X Duct for Main Reinforcement of
4-D35 (390MPa) Column
▽2FL
130
995
865
Anchorage for PC Tendon

Main Reinforcement
487.5 487.5
4-D35 (390MPa)
2497.5 975 2497.5
5970

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Beam unit for 13m span
X
Stirrup
D13@100
130
▽2FL
Transverese Direction Beam
1000
870 Main Reinforcement
350 350
10-15.2φ PC Tendons 4-D22(345MPa)
(Pre-Tensioning, 1570MPa) 700
Beam Cross Section

Yn Yn+1
Stirrup Duct for PC Tendon of
130
D13@100 Transverese Direction Beam

▽2FL
1000
870
10-15.2φ PC Tendons Main Reinforcement

(Pre-Tensioning, 1570MPa) 4-D22(345MPa)
84.5 12831 84.5
13000

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Slab Element
Topping Concrete (Cast on the Site)

150 100
250
Hollow Prestressed Concrete Panel

1000

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Construction Procedure

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Construction Procedure

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Introduction of prestressing force in the Longitudinal Direction in order

to avoid the Hyper-static force in the transverse direction
Prestressing
Hyper-static force
Hyper-Static Force Prestressing
84000
Prestressing Prestressing
84000

Convention JAPAN
IUHW NARITA CAMPUS

Convention JAPAN
Video PC, Pca Structure

IUHW NARITA CAMPUS
Summary
1. Improve the quality control

2. Avoid the lack of labor man
power
3. Shortening the construction
term

Convention JAPAN
MIXED USE OF
PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE & STEEL MOMENT FRAMES
NICHIA SUWA
TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Convention JAPAN
NICHIA SUWA TECHNOLOGY CENTEER
Building Summary
Owner : NICHIA Corporation

Design and Site Supervision :
Takenaka Corporation, Osaka
Construction : Takenaka Corporation, Tokyo
PC Construction : P.S.Mitsubishi Construction Co.,Ltd.
Usage : Research Center
Location : Suwa-city, Nagano prefecture, Japan
Floors : Two-story and basement
Structure : Precast Prestressed Concrete,
Reinforced Concrete and Steel Frames

Convention JAPAN
F
3200
PLAN
CPG1A PG1A CPG2A SG4A CPG2A PG1B CPG1B
E
8800
CPB1 PB1 CPB2 SG1 CPB2A CPB4A CPB3 CPB1
EV
G3
G3
G3
G3
CPG1 PG1 CPG2 SG3 CPG2 CPG1
D PG1
32800
8800
CPB1 PB1 CPB2 SG2 CPB2 PB1 CPB1
G2
G2
G2
G2
EV
CPG1 PG1 CPG2 SG3 CPG2 PG1 CPG1

C
8800
CPB1 CPB3 CPB4 CPB2A SG1 CPB2 PB1 CPB1
G1
G1
G1
G1
CPG1A PG1A CPG2A SG4 CPG2A PG1A CPG1A
B
3200
6400 6400 9600 9600 9600 9600 9600 6400 6400
SECTION 1 2 3 4 5
73600
6 7 8 9 10
PHFL Steel Frame Large Steel Beam Precast Prestressed Concrete Beam PHFL
3800 2600
3800 2600
RFL sb58M
RFL
2FL 2FL
14095
15400
CPG1B PG1B CPG2A SG4A CPG2A PG1B CPG1B
1800
1695 6000
6000
C2 C2
100
PG1A
GL 1FL FG6
1FL
3000
Precast Concrete F3 F2a
C1
FG1
C1 B1FL
aveGL Column
F1 F2 Hanging Slab
6400 6400 9600 9600 9600 9600 9600 6400 6400
73600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Convention JAPAN
Excavation

Convention JAPAN
Precast Concrete Column Erection

Convention JAPAN
Grout injection into joints at the column base
Grout-injection

Convention JAPAN
Precast Prestressed Concrete Beam installation

Convention JAPAN
Grout injection into joints between beam units
Grout-injection

Convention JAPAN
Post-tensioning

Convention JAPAN
Grout injection into beam-column connections
Grout-injection
Grout-injection

Convention JAPAN
Steel deck plate arrangement and topping concrete cast

Convention JAPAN
Precast Concrete Column Erection

Convention JAPAN
Grout injection into joints at the column base
Grout-injection Grout-injection

Convention JAPAN
Precast prestressed concrete beam installation, and

Grout injection into connections between beam units

Convention JAPAN
Post-tensioning, and
Grout injection into connections between beam units

Convention JAPAN
Support removal

Convention JAPAN
Large Steel Beam installation

Convention JAPAN
2nd floor Precast Concrete Slab arrangement

Convention JAPAN
Topping Concrete Cast

Convention JAPAN
2nd story steel frame

Convention JAPAN
NICHIA SUWA TECHNOLOGY CENTER

Convention JAPAN
SUPER HIGH-RISE PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BUILDING
FUTAKO TAMAGAWA RISE

Ⅱ-a BLOCK

Convention JAPAN
FUTAKO TAMAGAWA RISE Ⅱ-a BLOCK
Building Summary
Owner : Redevelopment Association

Design and Site Supervision : Joint Venture of
Nikken Sekkei, RIA and Tokyu Sekkei Consultant
Construction : Kajima Corporation, Tokyo
PC Construction : P.S.Mitsubishi Construction Co.,Ltd.
Usage : Office and Hotel
Location : Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Floors : 30-story superstructure and 2-story
underground
Structure : Precast Prestressed Concrete and
cast-in-place Reinforced Concrete
Structural System : Seismic Isolation
Convention JAPAN
PHFL
GK52 GK52
PLAN and SECTION
3900 4450 4150 4150 4200 4150 4150 4150 4350 4150 4150 4350 4150 4150 3650 4875 8100
GK52GK52
PGK3 GK52GK52 GK11 GK11GK11GK11

RFL
Fc42
PGK3 GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11
30FL
3500 4850 4150 4150 4150 4350 4150 4150 4200 4150 4150 4200 4150 4150 5700 3925
PGK3
29FL
GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11
GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11

28FL
PGK3 PGK3
WGK11 WGK11
PGK3
GK11
GK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
27FL
Precast Concrete Column WGK11 WGK11
26FL
Precast Prestressed PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
( 560mm x 900mm : Fc60~Fc80 ) WGK11 WGK11
25FL
Concrete Beam PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
WGK11 WGK11
( 500mm x 800mm Multistory Bearing Wall PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
24FL
: Fc60 ) WGK11 WGK11
Fc60
( t•
•
=200mm~1000mm ) WGK11 WGK11 23FL
PGK3 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 PGK3
WGK11 WGK11
PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
22FL
WGK11 WGK11
GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 PGK2 PCGK1
Y18 WGK11 WGK11 21FL
PGK2 PCGK1
WGK11 WGK11
PGK6 PGK6 WGK11 WGK11 20FL
16675
PGK7 WGK11 WGK11
PGK7
GK4
PGK3
PGK8
PGK8
PGK3
PGK1
PGK1
PGK1
PGK1
PGK1
PGK7
PGK7
PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
19FL
( Concrete Strength of Centere Core )

WGK11 WGK11
PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
18FL
GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4
GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4
PGK6 WGK1 WGK1 PGK6
137000
PGK3 GK1 GK1 GK1 GK1 GK1 GK1 PGK3 WGK11 WGK11
Y14 17FL
WGK12
WGK12
WGK11 WGK11
GK11
GK11
PGK1 PGK1 WGK11 WGK11
WGK11
WGK11
16FL
GK12 GK12
GK12 GK12
( Center Core Span )

WGK11 WGK11
PGK8 GK2 GK2 PGK8 PGK3 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 PGK3
WGK11 WGK11
WGK11
WGK11
GK3
WGK11 WGK11 15FL
WGK12
PGK1 WGK12 PGK1 PGK3 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 PGK3
PBK1 WGK11 WGK11
GK11 GK11 GK11
GK11GK11 GK11
14FL
65300
PBK1
31950
GK12 GK12 GK12 GK12
GK12 GK12 GK12

GK2 GK3 GK2 WGK11 WGK11
PGK1 PGK1
PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
13FL
WGK12
WGK12
PBK1 WGK11 WGK11
PGK1 PGK1
12FL
WGK11
WGK11
PBK1 WGK11 WGK11
PGK8 GK2 GK3 GK2 PGK8 WGK11 WGK11
11FL
WGK11
WGK11
WGK11 WGK11
GK12

WGK12
10FL
WGK12
GK11
GK11
WGK11 WGK11
PGK3 PGK3 PGK3 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 PGK3
Y05 WGK11 WGK11
PGK6
GK1
WGK1
GK1 GK1 GK1 GK1
WGK1
GK1
PGK6
WGK11 WGK11 9FL
WGK11 WGK11
16675
WGK11 WGK11 8FL
PGK7
PGK7
PGK1
PGK1
PGK1
PGK1
PGK1
PGK3
PGK8
PGK8
PGK3
PGK7
PGK7
Fc80
WGK11 WGK11
WGK11 WGK11 7FL
PGK6 PGK6 PGK3 GK11 GK11GK11GK11 GK11 PGK3
WGK11 WGK11
GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 GK4 PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
6FL
Y01 WGK11 WGK11
PGK3 GK11
WGK11
GK11GK11GK11
WGK11
GK11 PGK3
5FL
16350 28400 16350 WGK11 WGK11
WGK11 WGK11 4FL
( Center Core Span ) PGK9 GK11
GK11 GK11
GK11GK11GK11
GK11 GK11
GK11 PGK9
3FL
61100 GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11 GK11
EXP.J
GK11a
GK11
GK11a
GK11
WGK11
GK11
GK11a
GK11
GK11a PGK9
2FL
X01 X05 X13 X17 GK11a WGK11 GK11a GK11a
1FL
Seismic Isolator PCK2a CK3 CK1 KCK1 CK1 CK1 CK1 CK1 KCK1 CK1 CK3 PCK2a GL
B1FL
B2FL
18200
11900
Y01 Y05 Y14 Y18

Convention JAPAN
Precast Prestressed Concrete Beam

( Post-Tension)
Precast Prestressed Concrete Beam

( Pre-Tension)
Precast Concrete Beam
of Center Core
Precast Concrete Column

of Center Core
X12 Precast Concrete Beam

of Circumference
X13
Precast RC Column
of Circumference Y07
Y06
Y05
X17

Convention JAPAN
Video PC, Pca Structure

Super high rise building
Structural design of Dentsu Co.
2004.5.19 Ymanaka

Shiodome Area,
Tokyo
Total area of Shiodome is 300,000 m2.
Development scheme was planned by

Tokyo metropolitan government

Future image of Shiodome

design team
Total coordination
/Entire architectural design
/Urban planning, environmental assessment

Jean
Nouvel

Main building:
Total height: 210m
“ Crystal and rock”
+
Complex facility
Total floor area is 240,000 m2

Outline of overall facilities
Multi-purpose and cultural
buildings with organic shape
Annex building with

triangular shape
High rese building

with boomerang
shape

Outline of overall facilities
High rese building with
boomerang shape
Multi-purpose
and cultural
buildings with Annex building with
organic shape triangular shape

Main concept:
Safety and Stability
1. Safety at the time of disaster using vibration

control devices, dampers and steel concrete
2. 100 years sustainable building using central

monitoring system and disaster prevention system

Structural Design
High capacity and high durability can be performed
against wind, earthquake, etc..
TMD
Super mega
frame
Damper

Main concept:
Shuttle elevator system
Direct elevator
1. Combination of high speed
direct elevator and local
elevators
2. See-through elevators can Local elevator
be seen from inside and

outside of building.

The process of creating
boomerang shape

Given plan at kick-off
Trial plan, M.97 Basic plan, M.98
meeting, July 97
Transition of the basic plan

triangle plan study

boomerang plan study

L-shape plan study

Communication with J. Nouvel by sketch drawings
various
boomerang
plan
study
Typical floor model:1/200

Typical office planning
module:7.2m
Area：2050 m2

Study for facade

Basic concept of facade
Airflow window with ceramic printed glass

creates transparency, view, privacy and
saving energy
Proposed by Jean Nouvel

low density
High density
low density
low density
High density
low density
Span 7,200 mm
Mock up for checking the gradation
Selenic printed glass
Gray⇒White NCS5500、5000,4000，3500，
3000，2500，2000, 1500, 1000, 500 (10 grades)
7
Drawing of
façade concept
design partner;
Jean Nouvel
(France)

Structural design

Structural Design Concept
Design concept
100 years sustainable building using
Structural technologies to assure

the safety against earthquake
and wind

Longitudinal direction Transverse direction
H/D=1.5 H/D=5
Ｈ ↓
シ
ア
↓
ー
Flexural
ズ
Shear 曲げ変形
タペ
せん断変形 deflection
ワ
ー
ト
ロ
is
deflection is
卓越
predominant 卓越ナ
predominant
ス
タ
ワ
ー
東
京
都
庁
Ｄ
Natural period Natural period
T1=4.6sec T1=5.4sec

Super high rise
Super high rise
buildings in foreign
国内の超高層ビル
buildings in Japan
countries
Dentsu head quarter office シ

ア
ー
ズ
タペ
ワト
エーロ
ン（ナ
横パ１ス
浜イ９タ
ラヤ７ワ
ンス４
８サ）ー
ドテ（
マ）ン東ー１
ーシ京ト９
クャ都ビ９
イ７
タン庁ル）
ワ霞（（
ヶ６１１
ー関０９９
（ビ（９３
１１１
９ル９１
９７））
（
３１
）９
６
８
）

Height of building VS Natural period
7.00
電通汐留
Dentsu
6.00
建物１次固有周期（ＳＥＣ）
period (sec)
5.00
4.00
y = 0.0224x + 0.1347
3.00
R2 = 0.7081
Natural
2.00
1.00
0.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
建物高さ（Ｍ）
Height (m)

Building natural period 1000
加速度応答スペクトル 1ELCN40NS
1ELCN40NS
1ELCN40NS
h=0.00
h=0.01
h=0.02
1ELCN40NS h=0.03
Acc. Response
VS spectrum
1ELCN40NS
1ELCN40NS
1ELCN40NS
h=0.04
h=0.05
h=0.10
1ELCN40NS h=0.15
1ELCN40NS h=0.20
Elastic response
spectrum
SA(gal)
500
Response acceleration
→ Input earthquake force
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
固有周期T(sec)
1ELCN40NS h=0.00
Natural period
変位応答スペクトル
4.6 s 5.4 s
80 1ELCN40NS h=0.01
1ELCN40NS h=0.02
1ELCN40NS h=0.03
1ELCN40NS h=0.04
1ELCN40NS
1ELCN40NS
h=0.05
h=0.10
Disp. Response spectrum
1ELCN40NS h=0.15
60 1ELCN40NS h=0.20
Response displacement
SD(cm)
→ Vibration displacement
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Natural period
固有周期T(sec)
4.6 s 5.4 s

Design concept and procedure
External design force
・Dead load
・EQ load Damping factor h=0.04
・Wind load
・Damping force
Design direction

Analytical model
One freedom Multi freedom model
model Flexural
曲げダンパー damper
PYO PYOﾀﾞﾝﾊﾟｰ
damper
Shear Kv 4K z
層の
stiffnessせん断剛性 θ K=∞
Kc C KL
Shear
せん断変形
sKi
of story deflection
Super
structure sK= ∞ 層の回転剛性
Flexural
曲げ変形
3K z
θKi
deflection
2K z
Vertical spring
around the shuttle EV
Basement
1K z
Foundation
Three dimensional model Lamped mass model for
for nonlinear static analysis nonlinear response analysis
Design concept and procedure
Design criteria

Design force Design force for each direction
・Natural period Design force:

X direction ( longitudinal) : 4.6 sec Y direction: Maximum shear force
Y direction (Transverse) : 5.4 sec
X direction: Minimum shear force
・Total design base shear coefficient
= 0.04 Design force for Y
設計用
direction (t)Ｙ方向基部 15000 風荷重
剪断力(t) L2
30°方向 330°方向
設計用
(sec) 10000 風荷重
L1
固有周期 X Y 60° 330° 300° 30°
60°方向
１次 4.643 5.363 4.826 5.257 4.925 5.176 5000
300°方向
２次 1.627 2.098 1.838 2.042 1.876 2.013
３次 0.954 1.303 1.140 1.269 1.164 1.250 0
４次 0.667 0.930 0.817 0.907 0.835 0.890 -15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000
Ｘ方向基部
Design force for X
-5000
剪断力(t)
Ｙ direction (t)
-10000
Ｘ
-15000

Design base shear coefficient;
・Y direction：Co＝０．０８０
・X direction：Co＝０．０４０
15000
Ｙ方向基部
剪断力(t) Co=0.0800
10000
Co=0.0605 Co=0.0605
Co=0.0440 Co=0.0440
5000
Co=0.0400 Co=0.0400
0
-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000
Ｘ方向基部
-5000
剪断力(t)
Ｙ
-10000 設計用剪断力
設計用地震荷重
Ｘ
設計用風荷重 L2
-15000 設計用風荷重 L1

Maximum response shear force (ton)
Ｘ direction Ｙ direction
50 ELCN40NSL2 50 ELCN40NSL2
TAFT52EWL2 TAFT52EWL2
HACH68NSL2 HACH68NSL2
45 45 DENTSUL2
DENTSUL2
ﾌﾚｰﾑ弾性限耐力ﾌﾚｰﾑ弾性限耐力
保有水平耐力保有水平耐力
40 40
35 35
30 30
25
層
25
層
20 20
15 15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0 50 100 150 200
0 50 100 150 200
Ｑｉ（×103 kN ）Ｑｉ（×103 kN ）

Maximum response story drift angle
Ｘ direction Ｙ direction
50 ELCN40NSL2 50 ELCN40NSL2
TAFT52EWL2 TAFT52EWL2
HACH68NSL2 HACH68NSL2
45 DENTSUL2 45 DENTSUL2
1/150 1/150
1/100 1/100
40 40
35 35
30 30
層
25
層
25
20 20
15 15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0.0E+0
0 2.0E-3 1/250
1/500 4.0E-3 1/167
6.0E-3 8.0E-3
1/125 1.0E-2
1/100
0.0E+0
0 2.0E-3 1/250
1/500 4.0E-3 1/167
6.0E-3 8.0E-3
1/125 1.0E-2
1/100
Maximum response story drift angle Maximum response story drift angle

Adopted technologies
Vibration control technology
● Hybrid damper (PYO damper)
● Mega frame + Flexural damper
● Active tuned mass damper (AVICS-Ⅱ)
Structural frame technology
● Wing beam （Beam with horizontal haunch）
● CFT column（High strength concrete）
● Steel member without fireproof covering

Adopted technologies
Mega frame + Flexural damper
Steel without fireproof

covering
ｱﾄﾘｳﾑ
Atrium
PYO damper
Wing beam
CFT column

Resistant static wind force and reduce earthquake force

Increase flexural stiffness for Y direction and reduce
dynamic wind force

Improve the habitability

Vibration control concept of PYO damper
Small earthquake and wind Strong earthquake
Contribution as the
elastic stiffness (steel damper) Energy absorption (Steel damper)
Energy absorption Energy absorption

(Oil damper) (Oil damper)
Flexural
deflection
of beam
Steel damper Oil damper Steel damper Oil damper

Over all construction site (August 2000)

Setting of PYO damper
Oil damper
1600kN～2000kN
Steel panel of Y brace

LYP235

Location of PYO dampers

Location of PYO dampers
Continuous location


dynamic wind force


Mega frame + Flexural damper
Aspect ratio
=height/width Mega frame
+
Flexural damper
Low rise building

Aspect ration: samall Super high rise building
Aspect ratio: large
Predominant of
Shear deflection Predominant of
flexural deflection

Composition of Mega frame & flexural damper
Mega frame
Flexural damper
Rigid truss

Function concept of flexural damper
Vibration control
Oil damper works due to the flexural deflection
by strong earthquake and wind
Flexural deflection of building
Earthquake
force
Rigid truss Energy absorption

Flexural damper by oil damper

Location of Mega frame & Flexural damper
Maximum damping force:

2300kN

PYO damper
Mega
frame
&
Flexural
damper
Oil damper

Mega frame & Flexural damper
Oil damper
Mega frame


dynamic wind force


Tuned mass damper (AVICS-II)
Passive control
Active control

AVIC-II
制振装置本体ａ No.1<S>
(RF)
機械室 (47F)
動力
盤制御部
(No.
1)
動力
制振装置本体 No.2＜N> 盤
(RF) (No.
2)
AC100V
電源 AC400V
盤
制御
盤
建物センサー(RF) ２方向
×２
観測 NTT電話回
盤線
建物センサー(44F,26F)１
方向×4
建物センサー(1F) 2方向
×1 風向風速
計
防災センター
建物センサー(B5F) ３方 (1F)
向×１
AC100V
監視
盤監視部
センサー
部
Vibration
制振システム系統図control system
Over all view of ACICS-II
Composition of AVIC-II
AC servo motor Multi layer rubber bearings

Vibration control effect against Typhoon No.21 (2002.11）
非制振
Without control 制control
With 振
10 (Gal) max:7.69Gal 10 (Gal) max:1.77Gal
　　(1.00) 　　(0.23)
0 0
非制振制　振
-10 -10
0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300
(sec) (sec)
Vibration acceleration at roof level
40 (m/s) max:30.21m/s 40 (m/s) max:26.86m/s

非制振 (ave:13.50m/s) 制　振 (ave:13.44m/s)
0 0
0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300
(sec) (sec)
Wind force(Velocity）
Vibration control effect against Typhoon No.10 (2003.10.1)
Without With
control control
Transverse
direction
Longitudinal
direction
Transverse direction
Habitability evaluation

Vibration control effect against Sanriku Minami EQ (2003.5.26)
Transverse
Without
direction
control
With
Longitudinal
control
direction

Reduce the weight of steel and improve the plastic
rotational capacity of beam

Reduce the weight of steel member and reduce the
fireproof covering

Exposed steel finishing without fireproof covering
Wing beam
Damaged portions due to Kobe earthquake Location of plastic hinge
Horizontal haunch
Conventional beam column joint Wing beam

Construction of wing beam
Location of
plastic hinges
Horizontal haunch

Used zone by wing beam


fireproof covering

CFT column
High strength and high fluidity concrete
(Fc=50 MPa, and Fc=80 Mpa)

▽210m
Concrete
Pumping
CFT ▽170m 打設回数
Column ⑦
Fc=50N/mm2 Fc=50 Mpa
充填範囲
⑥
▽110m ⑤ コンクリート配管
④
Concrete flow test
③ ポンプ圧送
Fc=80N/mm2
充填範囲
②
Fc=50 Mpa 生コン車
定置式ポンプ車
①
▽0m
Fc=80N/mm2
（落込） Fc=80 Mpa
▽-20m


fireproof covering

Property of ｆire proofing steel (FR steel)
(Nominal Yielding Strength)x2/3 is sustained

at the high temperature:
Conventional steel : 350 ℃
Fire proofing steel (FR steel) : 600℃

Location of fireproofing steel (FR steel)
Used zone by
fireproof steel
(FR steel) at the
atrium

Completion : November 1st, 2002



Completion :
November 1st, 2002
Atrium from the sky corridor

Completion :
November 1st, 2002
station lobby
(6,14,25,36F)
Tokyo Skytree
OCAJI
The world’s tallest free –standing broad casting tower with a
height of 634m

High rise towers in the world
Canton tower Tokyo sky tree
Ostankino (Canton)
tower CN tower
Oriental pearl (Moscow) (Toronto)
tower
(Shanghai)
Berlin tower
(Berlin)
Obayashi HP

Tokyo Skytree
■Owner： Tobu Railway Co.
■Structural Design: NikkenSekkei Co.
■Construction： Obayashi Co.
■Opening: May.2012
by SEKI
Photo: M.Seki

Photo: M.Seki

1. A truss structure with
diagonal members
2. Circular high strength steel

pipe
3. Pipes are simply welded

together via branch joints.
OCAJI
1. High strength circular steel
pipe of large cross section
were used.
2. The maximum unit weight is

30 tons for transportation.
3. The thickest steel column at

bottom is 2.3 m and 10 cm
thickness.
OCAJI

1. The original diaphragm wall
was used for the pile
foundation.
2. This is used as a retaining

wall to prevent sediment
collapse during the
construction and cut-off
wall in area where ground
water is predicted to occur,
etc. OCAJI

1. Knuckle walls are wall- type piles
to which projection are attached
like knuckles.
2. Knuckle helps fix the pile in the

ground and greatly increases load
bearing capacity.
3. Wall –type piles have great

stiffness and are highly resistant
to seismic horizontal forces. OCAJI

1. The antenna gain tower at the top
was constructed by the lift-up
method.
2. Steel members were assembled at

ground surface and raised inside the
tower to a height of 634m.
3. The assembly was started before the

construction of the central pillar.
4. The construction period could be

reduced considerably.
OCAJI
1. The central tower was constructed in
the void left after the antenna gain
tower was raised.
2. The slip form method was adopted in

which concrete was continuously
placed while the form was slipped
upward.
3. A concrete cylinder could be

constructed in a short time.
OCAJI
1. The vibration should be avoided because
of the digital terrestrial broadcasting
antenna.
2. A tuned mass damper (TMD) has been

installed at the top of the antenna gain
tower to control the vibration of the
entire antenna gain tower.
3. The mass is tuned to dampen the

vibration of the entire peak tower.
OCAJI

Tuned mass damper (TMD)
Location of
TMD Weight
Weight frame
Stopper
Antenna gain tower
Oil damper
Fender
Spring
Frame
Universal joint
http://www.obayashi.co.jp/news/skytreedetail10_20101125_1

Tuned mass damper (TMD)
Time lag of movement between weight Lightning rod
and antenna gain tower
Movement of weight Tuned mass

damper(TMD)
Reducing the vibration of

Antenna gain tower by TMD
Antenna gain tower
Movement of
antenna gain tower
http://www.obayashi.co.jp/news/skytreedetail10_20101125_1
1. The central concrete cylindrical
center pillar was installed at
the center of the tower.
2. It reduces the seismic vibration

of the entire tower.
3. It referred as the system for

controlling seismic response
with shimbashira at the center
of pagoda, a traditional
Japanese architecture. OCAJI

Oil damper
Shimbashira
Location of Oil damper
Tower wall
tower
Shimbashira
(Diameter: 8 m,
inside; evacuation
Shimbashira
stair)
Oil damper
http://www.nikken.jp/ja/archives/history/12_03.html

Nikko Toshogu shrine, Japan
1999 World heritage
Five stories Pagoda
Precinct of Nikko Toshogu shrine

http://musen.server-shared.com/SINBASIRA-Midasi.html
Structure of shimbashira
Nikko Toshogu shrine
Five stories pagoda
pagoda finial
Bamboo shock absorber
Steel chain for

suspension
http://musen.de-
blog.jp/jbfblog/2012/08/post_8ebc.html
Unit: m
Bottom portion of
shimbashira
Skytree Construction work (Video)

Conclusion
Japan is still challenging the innovative
construction technologies for safety,
sustainability, and labor-saving.

Thank you for
your attention!

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