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WORKBOOK
BATXILLERATO 2
2016/17
BELONGS TO___________________________________________
INDEX
INTRODUCTION PAGE 3
1
INTRODUCTION
1. Choose the word that best fits each gap. You may have to vary some of them.
I. a means of /go wrong /under pressure /date / approach/doubt /first move /strike up /courage /appeals to
Fred: Jack, I need your advice. I’d love to ask Pam Miller out on a 1. ........................, but I’m too shy. She’s so warm and
friendly. She’s exactly the kind of girl that 2. ........................me, but I don’t know how to make the 3. ..................
Jack: It’s easy. Just go up to her and 4. ........................a conversation.
Fred: I haven’t got the 5. .......................to do that.
Jack: Well, don’t put yourself 6. ........................ . If you can’t 7. ........................her directly, try sending her an SMS.
Fred: Won’t she think it’s strange?
Jack: Not at all. Lots of people use SMS as 8. ........................getting dates these days.
Fred: Are you sure she’ll answer me?
Jack: Of course. Pam’s great. I’ve got no 9. ........................that she’ll answer you.
Fred: I hope you’re right. I’m so afraid it will 10. ........................ .
II. award / get mad / insight / portrayed / distorted / eyewitness / profitable / adventure/noisy / reward / worthwhile
a) I ......................... when people borrow my books without permission.
b) She won the ......................... for best singer in the competition.
c) I don’t enjoy being with little children. They’re always..........................
d) It’s ......................... driving a bit further to the new shop because the prices are the lowest in town.
e) Joe was given a/an ......................... for finding the stolen bags.
f) That isn’t true! He ......................... the facts.
g) The ......................... told the court about the crime.
h) Who......................... Cleopatra in the film?
i) Have you heard about our little.........................?
j) Our business is not very..........................
k) This book gives us a/an......................... into the world of international espionage.
5. Rewrite keeping the meaning and using the word given without changing it
Miss Swanson was wearing a beautiful gown. dressed
Miss Swanson ........................................ a beautiful gown.
b) In his recent article, Bob Lee pointed out all the faults in the government new transport policy. critical
In his recent article, Bob Lee ................................................ the government's new transport policy.
c) Typhoid was the cause of many deaths in the last century. died
Many people .......................................................... in the last century.
d) I am sorry that I have caused you so much trouble. apologize
I ....................................................................so much trouble.
e) House prices have increased over the past year. rise
3
There has been .......................................................... house prices over the past year.
f) I hope you enjoy yourself while you stay with Mabel. during
I hope you enjoy yourself .......................................................... with Mabel.
g) She didn't like her friend seeing so much of Ben. it
She didn't like .......................................................... so much of Ben.
h) The main film followed two short cartoons. preceded
Two short cartoons ...........................................................
i) The recent decrease in unemployment has two causes. reasons
There are ................................................ the recent decrease in unemployment.
j) The old lady will discuss the matter only with her son. apart
The old lady will not discuss the matter with ................................... her son.
8. Choose the right phrasal verb and make any necessary changes
I. set in • come on • sell out • go on • run after • run off with • look forward to • look up
a) I didn’t expect the lecture to ……………………… for so long.
b) The jewellery shop owner only realised later that someone had ……………… three diamond rings.
c) We waited too long to buy tickets. Now, the concert is ……………………….
d) This mystery story is ……………………… 18th-century London.
e) I forgot my wallet when I left the café this morning, but luckily a woman …………………… me to return it.
f) I am not ……………………… her visit. She’s a demanding guest.
g) When I first started to read in French, I had to ……………………… a lot of words in the dictionary.
h) My favourite programme ……………………… at 7.00 every evening
II. Pass out/ come round/ fight off/ get over/ pick up/ look after
a) Sean can’t stand seeing blood. If he does, he just_____________
b) When I was a kid, my grandma used to ____________when I was ill
c) Children _______________a lot of germs at school
d) Being exposed to germs helps children to _____________ common illnesses
e) She _____________ three hours after the operation
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III. Take back/ rip off/ give away/ put off/ sign up/ get on with/ deal with/ end up/ move out/ put up with/ save up/ take on
a) I’ve never ___________ for an online course
b) The device was faulty, so I ______it _______ to the shop
c) The criminal ____________ all his mates to the police.
d) The match will have to be _____________ because of the rain.
e) The second-hand car was a truly heap of rubbish. They ______us _______
f) What are you ___________ to buy at the moment?
g) He doesn’t _____________her very well. They’re always quarrelling
h) He needed an assistant and ____________ a Russian youngster
i) How are you going to ______________that problem?
j) He’s 28 and lives at his parents’. I wonder when he’s ____________
k) If you go on like this, I’m afraid you’ll _____________ having problems.
IV. bring on ■ bring up ■ bring in ■ bring out ■ bring back ■put up ■ put away ■ put out ■ put on ■ put forward
a) Both Robert’s job and mine .................................. a good income.
b) At the next meeting, John will .................................. his plan.
c) We’ve got a spare bedroom where we .................................. guests.
d) When you leave the picnic site, remember to .................................. the fire.
e) I don’t want to discuss it. Please don’t .................................. the subject again.
f) Every year, the students .................................. a wonderful show.
g) You can borrow these books but please .................................. them .................................. by Monday.
h) I hope his troubles don’t .................................. a heart attack.
i) Before you go to bed, please .................................. all your clothes.
j) My favourite shop is going to .................................. their new summer collection next week.
V. turn down ■ turn away ■ turn round ■ turn into ■see off ■ turn out ■ see through ■ see into
a) We were .................................. at the ticket desk because there were no tickets left.
b) I was offered a job at the bank but I .................................. it...................................
c) When I arrived for the interview, a secretary .................................me.............................the manager’s office.
d) At first we believed his stories, but after a while we .................................. his lies.
e) It’s only in fairy tales that animals .................................. people.
f) I heard footsteps behind me and .................................. to see who it was.
g) We all thought he was poor, but it .................................. that he was actually very rich.
h) Jim isn’t here right now. He .................................. his parents at the airport.
VI. put off / go along with / get over / turn off x 2 / look down on / take up / look up
a) It’s wrong to ................................. people who aren’t very clever.
b) She’s very upset, but I’m sure she’ll soon ................................. it.
c) The coach expects the team to ................................. his decision.
d) The unattractive appearance of the food will ................................. people..................................
e) Next time you’re in our neighbourhood, please ................................. us..................................
f) When she’s got more free time, she plans to ................................. painting.
g) Let’s ................................. the trip until the weather improves.
h) The soup is ready. You can ................................. the gas.
10. Complete the passage below with a suitable word. Use only one word in each gap.
A month ago, we finally bought a high quality camera after we 1.…………………………… been using a cheap one
2.…………………………… years. I was sure that it was a wonderful idea. However, after I’d 3.……………………………
carrying it for a while, I began to realise how heavy it was. I was a bit sorry that we hadn’t 4.…………………………… a
lighter one. Now we 5.…………………………… recently returned from a holiday abroad, where we took hundreds of
excellent photos. I’ve 6.…………………………… planning to organise them 7.…………………………… we got back,
but I have 8.………………………… yet found the time. I’m sure that by next week, I 9.…………………… have organised
the photos and I’ll feel much better about buying that heavy camera.
11. Complete the radio traffic report with the words and phrases below. Make any necessary changes.
motorway • rush hour • head-on collision • stuck• motorist • traffic jam • slow down • lane • junction
Good morning to all our 1.…………………… on their way to work. This is Megan Walker in Radio WXF’s helicopter,
reporting about the daily 2.…………………… . If you’re planning on taking the M15 3.…………………… , I suggest that
you choose another route. There’s construction on the main exit to the city. This is causing a major 4.…………………… .
Another problem is an accident on Forest Boulevard. The left 5.…………………… is closed, and it’s impossible to turn left
at the 6.…………………… of Main and King Streets. Anyone in a hurry to get to the industrial area won’t be able to.
Drivers have 7.…………………… there because of a 8.…………………… between a car and a lorry. I hope that no one is
hurt! If you’re 9.…………………… somewhere, give me a call at 0175-442-2222 and I’ll report it to our listeners.
GRAMMAR
1. These sentences are taken from different for and against essays. Write where they belong:
O (in the opening), B (in the body) or C (in the closing).
To sum up, I feel that putting people in prison does not help solve crime.
On the one hand, limiting the number of cars in the town centre would be inconvenient to the town’s residents.
It is true that people who take part in reality TV programmes such as Survivor and Big Brother sometimes win instant
fame.
The question is, should more practical subjects be added to our educational programme?
In conclusion, more and more people today use vitamins and other food supplements.
2. These sentences and phrases are taken from different formal letters. Write where they belong:
G (in the greeting), O (in the opening), B (in the body), C (in the closing remarks), or S (signing off).
I am writing in order to complain about a product I bought at your shop.
Yours sincerely,
I look forward to your reply.
The sales assistant refused to listen to me.
Dear Mr Johnson,
I would like to express my concern regarding the state of our schools.
I would appreciate a prompt reply.
I expect better service at a four-star hotel
9. Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple, the present perfect simple, or the present perfect
continuous.
It was announced in London this morning that the British Oil Corporation (1)______________ (discover) oil under the sea
near the Welsh coast. The company, which (2) ______________(drill) for oil in the area since 2001, (3) __________ (find)
small amounts of oil near Swansea last month, and since then (4) ______________ (discover) larger amounts under the
seabed nearby. Last year the government (5) ______________(lend) over £50,000,000 to BOC, and (6) ______________
(give) permission for the company to build an oil refinery and other facilities in South Wales.
The reaction of local people to today's news (7) ______________(be) mixed so far. Local MPs (8) ______________
(already welcome) the ______________news, pointing out that the oil industry will bring badly needed jobs to the
area. But local residents are worried about the danger of pollution. 'Nobody (9) ______________ (ask) us yet what we want,'
said Ann Griffiths, leader of the Keep Out The Oil Campaign. 'Look what (10) ______________(happen) when they (11)
______________(find) oil in Scotland in the 1960s. The oil companies (12) ______________ (get) rich, not the local
people. BOC (13) ______________ (not tell) us the truth about what this is going to mean for our people.' A BOC
spokesman later (14) ______________(refuse) to comment. Meanwhile local campaigners (15) ______________(ask) the
government to hold an inquiry.
10. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
a) Steve started learning the violin a month ago. learning
Steve
b) I haven't been to an Indian restaurant for ages. since
It's ages an Indian restaurant.
c) When she heard the results, Mary began to feel more confident. become
Since hearing the results more confident.
d) The last time Nancy came here was in 1986. since
Nancy hasn't 1986.
e) This is my first visit to Japan. time
This is the first to Japan.
f) How long have Helen and Robert been married? get
When married?
g) Jack bought those trousers last month, and has been wearing them ever since. for
Jack has a month.
h) It's a long time since our last conversation. spoken
We long time.
i) Thanks, but I had something to eat earlier. already
Thanks, but I've eat.
j) This is my first game of water-polo. played
I before.
12. Complete the sentences using the future continuous or the future perfect
1 At this time next week I………………… (drive) to Paris.
2 By this time next week, he ............................ (come) out of hospital. 8
3 Don’t go to his house now. He .............................. (leave) already.
4 Don’t worry. We .............................. (wait) for you in the café.
5 Will you .............................. (finish) your homework by 6 p.m.?
6 I .............................. (call) you more often after I get back from this trip.
7 Next Saturday I .............................. (be married) for 25 years.
13. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
I. Barbara: Is it true that you 1.……………………… (never / meet) Gina’s brother?
Steve: Yes, it is. He 2.……………………… (already / move) to London before Gina and I started dating, and he
3.……………………… (not be) here to visit since then. But he 4.……………………… (come) next month for
their grandparents’ 50th anniversary party, so I 5.……………………… (meet) him then.
Barbara: Well, I 6.……………………… (know) him for years, and he’s a really nice guy. I 7.………………………
(think) you 8.……………………… (like) him.
Steve: I’m sure I will. And I know how much Gina 9.……………………… (miss) him, so I’m glad he 10.
……..…………(be) here soon.
II. Joe: Hey, Mark. You 11.……………………… (look) upset.
Mark: I am. I 12.……………………… (have) a minor car accident a couple of hours ago.
Joe: I’m really sorry to hear that. What 13.……………………… (happen)?
Mark: I 14. ……………………… (drive) on Edgware Road when another car 15. ……………………… (go)
through a red light and hit me! Luckily, there 16. ……………………… (be) a lot of traffic at the time, so neither
of us 17. ……………………… (go) very fast, and nobody was hurt. But it 18. ……………………… (cost)
a lot of money to repair my car.
14. Write sentences that could follow. Use the given words and the correct form of the verbs.
a) Debra doesn’t like horror films, so there’s no point in inviting her to join us.
she / not want / to come /____________________________________________________________
b) I’ve been living in London for ten years.
it / hard to believe / I / live / here / for / so long / . _________________________________________
c) I think Michael will be ready to take his driving test at the end of August.
by then / he / take / almost 40 / lessons ________________________________________________
d) I’m sorry I wasn’t ready on time!
I / promise / it / not happen / again_____________________________________________________
16. Complete the email below with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
Hi Carla, 9
How are things at home? As you know, I ______________1 (write) to you from Britain where I _____________2 (do)
an English course. I ________________ 3 (do) the course for eight weeks now and I ________________4 (learn) lots
of English. The course is really intensive – we have over thirty classes per week. By the end of the course I
________________5 (have) more than 300 hours of classes, so I ________________ 6 (definitely / end up) speaking
better English than you!
My host family, Mr and Mrs Jones are really friendly. They know Spain quite well as they used to live there. In fact they
_______________-7 (meet) each other when they __________________8 (live) in Barcelona. Fortunately they only speak
to me in English. They say they __________________9 (speak) Spanish quite well, but they think they’ve forgotten most of
it now. They’ve got one son, Evan, who ________________ 10 (study) at university at the moment. I
_______________11 (see) some photos of him and he’s really good-looking. He ______________12 (come) home this
weekend, so I’ll have a chance to meet him.
I ___________________13 (write) to you again to tell you all about it. You phoned me the other day but unfortunately I
_____________________14 (just / go) out. Phone me again tomorrow. But don’t call between 6 and 7 p.m. because we
_________________15 (have) dinner then.
That’s all for now.
All the best,
María.
P.S. Mrs Jones says she’s sorry she was a bit impatient with you on the phone. She was really tired because she
_______________________16 (work) all day.
17. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Make any necessary changes. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
1. David is asleep now. (sleep)
___________________________________________________________________
2. Jane is still eating. (not finish breakfast yet)
___________________________________________________________________
3. They’ll finish the road repairs on Friday. (by Saturday)
___________________________________________________________________
4. I was on the phone to Chris when the postman rang the bell. (talk to Chris)
___________________________________________________________________
BILINGUAL BRAINS: VARIETY MAKES YOU MENTALLY FIT
For years, researchers in bilingualism have reported findings about how bilingualism affects the brain. Two of the most
memorable involve “executive control” and delayed dementia. With the first, bilinguals have shown that they are better able
to focus on demanding mental tasks despite distractions. In other studies, it has been estimated that bilinguals see the initial
stages of dementia, on average, about five years later than monolinguals do.
This week comes new evidence. Researchers led by Roberto Filippi of Anglia Ruskin University have found that young
bilingual pupils did a better job answering tricky questions with a noisy voice in the background than a monolingual group.
The researchers in this line of inquiry tend to share a common hypothesis: that being bilingual is a kind of constant mental
exercise. With two languages in the mind, every time a thing is named, an alternative must be suppressed. Every time a
sentence is constructed, the other way of constructing it must be suppressed.
Blocking out distracting information is exactly what researchers find that bilinguals do well. And as for dementia, the effect
seems to be a kind of analogue to physical activity over the course of a lifetime keeping a body fit. Mental exercise keeps the
brain fit, and bilingualism is just that kind of exercise.
Why bilinguals seem to do better in quite a few differently designed studies does, however, need more research. Besides,
some parents still think that bilingualism might harm a child’s development.
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. What have bilinguals shown regarding “executive control”?
b. What did Filippi and other colleagues find?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
a. Bilingualism may delay mental illnesses.
b. Bilingualism keeps the brain fit.
c. Parents always think that bilingualism may influence their children’s development.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four definitions below from these six options. (1 point: 0.25 each)
dementia ●average ●evidence ●tricky ●inquiry ●hypothesis
a. investigation
b. proof
c. insanity 10
d. premise
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. Researchers…
a) have studied the effects of bilingualism for years.
b) have just discovered the benefits of bilingualism.
c) have found a relationship between physical activity and bilingualism.
2. The effect of bilingualism on dementia is…
a) different from the effect of physical activity on keeping a body fit.
b) similar to the effect of physical activity on keeping a body fit.
c) exactly the same as the effect of physical activity on keeping a body fit.
3. More research is needed…
a) to examine design studies differently.
b) to examine why bilinguals do better than monolinguals.
c) to examine why bilingualism might damage children’s development.
2 Why did Ben Yehuda think the Jews should speak Hebrew?
2. Listen. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.
Adult news sites don't publish young people's views.
Adult news sites give a negative impression of young people.
Young people rarely join NGOs.
Liz had a few technical problems at the beginning.
Liz believes that young people can become interested in politics.
13
UNIT ONE
1. Close: advice on improving your study methods
The following (1) .................may be useful in helping you to (2) ....................your school or college grade and to (3)
................rid of your work. First, try studying with a friend. If you find (4) ...............hard to study and seem to (5)
........................ motivation, talk to friends and do some other work with them. You can (6) ...................... only share ideas
through collaboration but you can also enjoy (7) ....................together. Indeed, most students prefer pair and group study
(8).................individual study. Secondly, get organised. A diary or small notebook (9) .....................short lists of tasks to do each
day will be very useful. Write down the dates when you will have to (10) ..................... any tests or examinations as well as
those when assignments should be (11) ..................... in. At the beginning of each week, study your work (12)......................and
carefully plan what you need to do. Thirdly, set a personal routine. Try to form good study (13) .....................and stick to
them. Don’t (14) .................................all your time watching TV and try not to (15) .......................any lectures or lessons.
However, arrange for some free time so you can (16)....................... Remember the English proverb: ‘All work and no play
makes Jack a dull boy’.
3. Complete the sentences with: •halfway • fuel • logging• trash •debris• pollution• landfill • shortcut •greenhouse effect •
crops • banned •bellies • voyages • renewable energy• environmentally friendly • lack
a) I had driven ____________ to your house when I realised that I hadn’t taken the ____________you had suggested.
b) The____________ is creating climate changes which will affect the types of that ____________can be grown in regions
of the world.
c) Severe____________ of food for a long period of time causes children’s____________ to become very large.
d) Experts agree that it is____________ to use ____________.
e) ____________ is ____________ in all the national forests here.
f) Space____________ require a great deal of____________.
g) Why do I always have to take the____________ out?
h) Now that the rain has ended, it’s going to take a lot of work to clear all this____________.
i) What a shame that we can’t see much of the city today because of the air____________.
j) Soon, this____________ will be covered. We’re going to build a club on top of it.
II.
a) Many people were injured when the building demolished/collapsed.
b) The ship radioed to say that it was in difficulties/dangers.
c) The government has announced plans to help the poor/poverty.
d) There was a large demonstration/manifestation against nuclear power in Manchester yesterday.
e) Everyone agrees that the environment/nature must be protected.
f) There has been another increase/rising in the level of crime.
g) There are few jobs here and many people are away from work/unemployed.
h) The train was in a/an accident/collision with a bus on a level crossing.
i) The driver of the bus admitted that he had done/made an error.
j) No ships are sailing today because of the high/storm winds.
9. Replace the word or phrase underlined with one of the words or phrases given, so that the meaning stays
the same.
a) The weather was bad at first, but it cleared up in the end.
A) at last B) eventually C) lately
b) Jane was leading the race, but all at once she fell over
A) suddenly B) one by one C) after that
c) Have you been swimming recently?
A) lately B) already C) yet
d) I enjoy going skiing every now and again
A) frequently B) immediately C) occasionally
e) I saw Terry in the street the other day
A) recently B) yesterday C) last night
f) I think we've solved this problem once and for all
A) in the end B) forever C) temporarily
g) Kath told Martin that she was leaving for good
A) for ever B) for a while C) early
h) We arrived for the train in good time 16
A) on time B) at the right moment C) with time to spare
i) I believe we met on a previous occasion
A) once before B) the last time C) completely by chance
j) The political situation seems to be changing minute by minute
A) from time to time B) time after time C) very rapidly
10. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets. You may have to change the form.
a) Sorry, but I haven't found time to fix your bike yet. (get round to)
d) Julie must be too old to bite her nails. (grow out of)
f) I don't think I'm well enough to play football today. (feel up to)
11. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
a) Most young people want to ____more about green issues.
A) look up B) find out C) deal with D) make out
b) Everyone knows about pollution problems, but not many people have____ any solutions.
A) thought over B) got round to C) looked into D) come up with
c) Many factories break the anti-pollution laws and____
A) put up with it B) take it over C) get away with it D) come round to it
d) Disposing of waste and rubbish is a hard problem to____
A) carry out B) put up C) get away D) deal with
e) More people in cities should ____cycling instead of using cars.
A) rely on B) take up C) set up D) get around to
f) Most governments seem to____ dealing with environmental problems.
A) put off B) make up for C) do without D) take after
g) In some countries environmental organizations have been____ to inform people and gain their support.
A) set off B) make up C) set out D) set up
h) Unless we____ the problem, many animals could become extinct.
A) face up to B) look up to C) turn up to D) get up to
i) Quite soon, the world is going to ____energy resources.
A) run out of B) get into C) keep up with D) come up against
j) We must believe that problems can be solved, and not just____
A) make up B) look up C) give up D) put up
4. Complete these sentences with the gerund or to + infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
a) I don’t want ___________ (join) in this game because it involves ________ (run) a lot.
b) He denied _______________ (tell) a lie but refused _______________ (say) where he had been.
c) I’m sorry, but I can’t avoid ______________ (make) so much mess with the paint.
d) I promise _______________ (clean up) in a few minutes.
e) Would you like _______________ (come) to the cinema with me or do you feel like _______________ (go) to the
theatre
f) Why do you keep on _______________ (waste) your time? Get on with your homework.
g) When you finish _______________ (do) the washing-up, don’t forget _______________ (sweep) the floor.
h) Marian advises young people _______________ (be) more responsible for themselves.
i) She misses _______________ (go) to the beach now that she lives in Madrid.
j) He promised _______________ (help) with the housework.
k) Alice took up _______________ (go) to yoga classes to help her relax.
l) Before _______________ (write) the essay, plan it carefully.
m) In the end, he managed _______________ (give up) smoking.
5
4
19
6. Use the words in brackets to rewrite the second sentence so that it means the same.
Going there was not a good idea. (silly)
It was
You shouldn’t eat so many burgers. (stop)
You should
I can’t wait to see her again. (forward)
I’m
Make sure you turn off the lights. (remember)
You must
I texted him so that he knew that we’d arrived. (tell)
I texted him
The teacher told us to repeat the exercise. (made)
The teacher
It’s not a good idea to eat before doing sport. (eating)
is not a good idea
Jack said that he hadn't cheated in the exam. (cheating)
Jack denied
It was difficult for me not to laugh at Wendy's letter. (help)
I at Wendy's letter.
I'm sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. (regret)
I you have not been appointed to the post.
I needed a drink of water and so I stopped running. (to)
I stopped running water.
I think it would be a good idea to take the train. (taking)
the train
7. Complete the text with the Gerund or the Infinitive form of the verbs in brackets.
Studies using laboratory animals suggest that ____________1 (follow) a low calorie diet may help human beings _________
2 (live) longer. However, in my view it would be wrong ____________ 3 (recommend) that all human beings follow this
type of diet. Firstly, nobody has yet managed ____________4 (prove) that a low calorie diet will have the same effect on
human beings as on rats or mice. Secondly, ___________ 5 (eat) too little can make us ____________6 (gain) weight by
____________7 (slow) down our metabolism. Thirdly, people who eat too little risk ____________ 8 (get) illnesses, as their
bodies may not receive enough proteins and minerals__________ 9 (function) normally. Finally, many people will refuse
____________10 (follow) extremely low calorie diets. They simply enjoy ____________11 (eat) too much.
9. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets: mixed verb forms
For many people, the establishment of a new school wouldn’t be an exciting event. But in Southern Sudan, where civil war in
the 1980s 1.……………………… (cause) the destruction of entire communities and orphaned many children, the opening
of a new school in the summer of 2009 was a major cause for celebration.
The school, in the village of Marial Bai, was made possible by the Valentino Achak Deng Foundation. Deng, who was born
in the village, 2.……………………… (leave) Southern Sudan during the war in the 1980s. After nearly a decade of living
and working in refugee camps in Kenya and Ethiopia, he 3.……………………… (move) to the United States in 2001.
While he 4.……………………… (study) in Atlanta, Georgia, he met Dave Eggers, a best-selling American author. Soon,
the two 5.………………… (work) together on What is the What, Deng’s autobiography, which was published in 2006. In
addition, they created the Valentino Achak Deng Foundation.
For the past few years, Deng 6.………………… (travel) in order to publicise the foundation’s work. Major newspapers
7.…………………(publish) stories about him, and he 8.………………… (appear) on television and radio programmes.
His devotion to education 9.…………………… (inspire) people everywhere
10. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
a) There's a party at Mary's house next week. having
Next week a party at her house.
b) When you phoned me, it was my lunch time. I
When you phoned me lunch.
c) I started working here three years ago. for
I've three years.
d) Our meeting is tomorrow. a
We tomorrow.
e) I haven't had a Chinese meal for ages. since
It's a Chinese meal.
f) David went home before we arrived. had
When we home.
g) The arrival time of Helen's flight is 8.00. at
Helen's flight 8.00.
h) Hurry up! We'll get to the theatre after the beginning of the play. will
By the time we get to the theatre, the play begun.
i) Oh no! My wallet is missing. lost
Oh no! I wallet.
j) I've only recently started wearing glasses. wear
I recently.
13. Rewrite these sentences maintaining the meaning of the original sentence as much as possible.
The book was so difficult to understand that nobody enjoyed it.
It was ________________________________
They were such silly girls that nobody could help them to improve.
The girls were
Andrea is so arrogant that nobody wants to go out with her.
Andrea is such
Sara is such a tall girl that the boys want her in the basketball team.
Sara is
This painting is so valuable that we keep it in a locked room.
It is
The Marx Brothers film A Day at the Races is so funny that people still watch it.
A Day at the Races is
The weather was so cold that we didn’t go out all weekend.
We had _______________________________
It was such a big bed that we couldn’t get it through the bedroom door.
The bed ______________________________
The car is so expensive that not many people can afford one.
It is __________________________________
b) The door was open. I just walked straight in without ringing the bell.
d) You can play the guitar very well. You could give lessons.
i) You understand English well. You can enjoy the film in the original version.
17. Translate
Els diaris duen anys publicant articles sobre la vida privada de Cristiano
Sent haver-li dit totes eixes coses. Penses que prompte s’haurà oblidat?
Duien estudiant hores, així que sortiren. Què hauries fet tu?
Quant em vaig adonar, ja m’ho havia furtat. I duia vigilant durant hores!
Quant el torne a veure, durà vivint allí deu anys almenys.
Et vas recordar de tancar els llums de casa? Recorde haver-t’ho dit deu vegades!
23
RESEARCH SHIP TRAPPED IN ANTARCTIC ICE BECAUSE OF WEATHER, NOT CLIMATE CHANGE
The Russian ship Akademik Shokalskiy is stuck in the Antarctic, in an area where there has been an increase in sea ice extent
since the late 1970s, making ship operations difficult. Is this situation evidence that global warming is exaggerated?
The impact of climate change on ice at both poles is complex. Actually, the two Polar Regions have experienced very
different trends in ice extent. Arctic sea ice has been declining in extent in every month of the year, with the maximum loss
of almost 14% per decade being found in September. In contrast, sea ice extent around the Antarctic has increased in every
month of the year with the largest increase being almost 4% per decade in March.
The reasons for the trends in sea ice are still being debated. However, for the Arctic it is estimated that the emission of
greenhouse gases has contributed 50–60% of the decline of Arctic sea ice. The remaining contribution is believed to come
from natural variability. But in the Antarctic the reason for the increase in ice is less clear. The pattern of sea ice change
around the Antarctic is dominated by a decrease to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula and an increase across the Ross Sea,
which can be attributed to more storm activity between these two areas and to the strength and direction of the winds. This
pattern of change is consistent with the increasing temperatures observed over the west Antarctica, where temperatures have
risen as much as anywhere in the southern hemisphere.
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. Why is the impact of climate change on ice at both poles complex?
b. Which factors influence the patterns of sea ice change in the Antarctic?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
a. The Arctic region has had an increase of sea ice throughout the year, and mainly in September.
b. Scientists know the causes of the trends in sea ice.
c. The decrease in sea ice in the west of the Antarctic Peninsula can be attributed to higher temperatures.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four definitions below from these six options. (1 point: 0.25 each)
impact● actually ●declining ●loss ●strength ●remaining
a. indeed
b. force
c. effect
d. decreasing 24
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. Ship operations in the Antarctic...
a) have not varied since the late 1970s.
b) do not depend on the amount of ice in the area.
c) are not easy because the sea ice in the area has increased.
2. Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated...
a) to have contributed to the decrease of sea ice in the two polar regions
b) to have contributed partly to the decrease of sea ice in the Arctic.
c) to come from natural variability.
3. Sea ice in the Antarctic has declined in extent...
a) across the Ross Sea.
b) in the west of the Peninsula.
c) in the southern region.
1. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers.
1 Both young and old people will influence the way the web develops.
2 Around three-fifths of young people watch TV programmes online.
3 Almost 2O%o of over-40s use official TV websites.
4 Over half of people under 30 use social networking sites.
6. Composition
We won't be able to live without computers and the internet in the future, Write an opinion essay of 120-150 words.
Emma Hill is eighteen and has Down’s syndrome. 'When she was born, her mother was horrified: she thought that Emma
was too ugly to be her child, and decided to abandon her. However, Emma's sisters demanded to see her. When they went to
the hospital, Emma was crying and refusing to drink from a bottle. Her mother picked her up and began to breast-feed her.
And that was it’, she says. ‘I carried her home, thinking that it would be just for one day, but that was eighteen years ago.'
Doctors said that Emma would smile, talk and walk later than other children, but they were wrong. 'When Emma went to
school, she wasn't given words to learn at home like the other children. Her mother protested about this, and so Emma was
given homework, too. By the age of five, she could read. 'Often the teachers separated me from the other children,' Emma
says, ‘but I wanted to have lots of friends.'
Today Emma is a successful actress. 'Emma is really clever,' says David Richards, the director of Messiah. 'There's nothing in
the script to indicate that her character has Down's syndrome, but I don't see why we should play to blind prejudice.’ The
wardrobe and make-up departments help her to dress I look in the mirror’, says Emma 'and I think: even though I've got
Down's syndrome, I look beautiful.'
Michael Jurogue Johnson also has Down’s syndrome. He is a gifted artist and has been painting full-time for nine years. He
uses watercolours, acrylics, and oil paints in a cheerful, naive style.
His subjects are often flowers painted with bright colours and playful animals with expressive faces. Michael learned how to
paint by practising every day, building on what he had learned in school and experimenting. He works in an art studio and
paints very slowly and carefully. ‘Colours make me feel happy. I feel good when other people like my work,’ he says.
2. Say if the statements are true, false or not in the text. Give evidence from the text.
Emma's sisters didn't want to see her when she was born.
Her mother thought that Emma's teachers were good.
Emma was a sociable child.
Michael's Johnson's paintings are optimistic.
4. Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning. Use the words you are given to start the sentences.
Her mother picked Emma up.
Emma
The doctors said Emma would smile later than other children.
The doctors said, 'Emma
‘The teachers often separated me from other children’ said Emma.
Emma said
Colours make me happy.
I
5. Write a composition of 130-150 words. Do you think that children with learning difficulties should be separated
from other children and educated in special schools? Why? /Why not?
Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only ONE answer is correct.
1. Matthew Fox is surprised that… _ He thinks the other actors disagree with him.
_ people have lost interest in the show so soon. _ He thinks a sequel would be a turning point in his
_ so many people are still interested in the show. career.
_ people’s interests have moved to other shows. 6. A sequel without Dr. Shepard or Hurley
_ speculation about the show lasted for one month. wouldn’t be the same because…
2. About the show’s end… _ these characters did not generate a lot of interest in
_ everybody was happy with it. the forums.
_ everybody was disappointed with it. _ Lost was a unique thing that can’t be repeated.
_ people were neither happy nor disappointed. _ they weren’t interested in serious time travel.
_ some people liked it a lot, some didn’t like it at all. _ it would ruin the theories about the island.
3. What are some fans looking for in the last 7. According to Matthew Fox, the last episode is…
episode? _ appropriate because it is so complicated.
_ Hidden secrets about the last episode. _ appropriate because it concludes a very
_ The presence of a hidden message. complicated story line.
_ Hidden cues about the possibility for a sequel. _ inappropriate because it finished all the open
_ Evidence of extraterrestrials. threads.
4. Matthew Fox finds it fascinating that… _ inappropriate because all questions were answered.
_ they were all abducted by aliens but didn’t know it. 8. Was Lost a realistic show?
_ the show was a source of aliens. _ Yes, because the people in the island lived for
_ so many people discussed the show. hundreds of years.
_ the aliens helped to create the source of discussion. _ No, because polar bears and smoke monsters don’t
live hundreds of years.
_ Yes, because tropical islands are usually inhabited
5. How does Matthew Fox feel about the by polar bears.
possibility of a sequel? _ No, because it showed a tropical island inhabited
_ He will know if there will be one as soon as the by polar bears and smoke monsters. 27
interview is published.
_ He’s convinced that there will not be one.
LISTENING 2
1. Listen to the radio programme. In what order are these topics mentioned? Number them 1-6.
where vigilante groups are most common
laws and guidelines for vigilante groups
the possibility of controlling vigilante groups
a vigilante group that does good work
the ltalian people's attitude to vigilante groups
dangers of vigilante groups
What does Daniel say about the possibility of controlling vigilante groups?
According to Daniel, what do the City Angels think about the new vigilante groups?
28
UNIT TWO
1. Complete each sentence with one of the phrases:
I. all night long, from time to time, one at a time, all the time, in a few moments, over and over again, all the year round, in the nick of
time, the other day, for hours on end, once and for all, this time next week
a) Don’t carry the boxes all together. We’ll move them ___________________
b) I’ve told you___________________, don’t leave it here
c) It’s time you stopped biting your nails___________________
d) Sheila grabbed Bill___________________ before he fell
e) Hurry up! The bomb will go off___________________
f) We shouldn’t have trusted Michael. He was lying___________________
g) Gerry sits staring at the television___________________
h) ___________________ I’ll be lying on the beach, not working in the office!
i) The swimming pool on the common is open___________________
j) I met your friend Janet in the cafe___________________
k) Dave isn’t a keen fisherman, but he goes fishing___________________
l) The party finished at dawn after we had danced___________________
II. online • available • user-friendly• updated • google • access •social networking sites • portable
Salesman: May I help you?
Ellen: Yes, please. I’m looking for a new computer. It’s got to be lightweight and_____________ 1. , because I want to be
able to take it to cafés.
Salesman: I think you should consider a netbook, especially if you’re going to use it mainly to go_____________ 2.
to_____________ 3.people or visit 4. _____________, such as Facebook. We’ve got several models _____________ 5.that
are all smaller, and weigh and cost less than a typical laptop. They’re also very_____________ 6. –there’s nothing
complicated to learn. Just turn it on and you can_____________ 7.the Internet wherever there’s a wireless connection.
Ellen: Do netbooks come with_____________ 8.programs, like the latest version of Office?
Salesman: No. You have to buy those separately.
Ellen: OK. A netbook sounds perfect. Let me see what you’ve got....
III. Hit the road/ recharge someone’s batteries/ know something like the back of your hand/ show the ropes/ red tape/ get the hang/
white elephant 29
a) He everything he had at the office and _______________. He says he’s taking a vacation to________________
b) I _________him ________________and think he’s quite down.
c) He’s new at the office, so I’ll have to ____ him_______ until he _____________
d) The new machinery was quite expensive and proved to be useless, a true____________. And all this after the
__________ we had to go through to import it from Germany.
IV. shortcuts • landfills • emerged • devices •exposed • delete • fool •making a mountain out of a molehill • tip of the iceberg • social
networking sites
1. Some combinations of computer keyboard keys can be used as quick_____________ to add or _____________ text.
2. Unfortunately, computer scams and hoaxes_____________ a lot of people, and the scams we know about are only
the_____________.
3. New facts about the businessman’s crimes have_____________ in recent days, and details about his private life have also
been_____________
4. Mobile phones, computers and other electronic_____________ shouldn’t be disposed of in_____________.
5. I think that those who say it’s dangerous to meet people through_____________ are_____________
V. awards • packed • prestigious • for years to come • in the spotlight• onstage• lucky break• show off
The Grammys are 1.…………………… that are given to outstanding musical artists. The ceremony is a
2.…………………… event which is broadcast to millions of viewers. The event also includes performances by popular
singers and bands. They have a chance to 3. .……………their talent to a 4………….…crowd. It’s fun to see the winners
come 5.…………………… . Sometimes unknown musicians win a Grammy. For them, it’s a 6.…………………… in their
careers. They hope their success will remain 7.…………………… and then they will continue to be 8.……………………
4. Complete the sentences to show that you have understood the meaning of the words in bold.
a) What a stunning ring. I’ve …………………………… one like it. 30
b) The film is a huge hit. …………………………… wants to see it.
c) You should keep at your studies. Don’t …………………………….
d) This venue is perfect for the party. It’s …………………………….
e) The tickets for today’s flight to New York are sold out. We can fly ……………………….
f) I suggest you team up with someone. Don’t work ……………………………
11. Use the word given and other words to complete each sentence. Do not change the word given
a) We are confident that he can do the job both quickly and efficiently. ability
We are confident of ........................................ to do the job both quickly and efficiently
b) Crime increased a lot last year. increase
There was ........................................ last year.
c) The students were not allowed to enter certain buildings. Prohibited
The students ...................................................certain buildings
d) Tim was a boy of ten when he left Tokyo. year
Tim was ..............................................when he left Tokyo,
e) The plane will leave on time no matter whether the weather is good or bad. regardless
The plane will leave on time......................................................
f) The government would not permit Mr Lee to import any guns. Permission
The government would not.......................................................... to import
g) It started to rain the moment we arrived. Sooner
No .............................................it started to rain
h) In those days women were prevented from joining the army. let
In those days they ...................................................... the army
i) Tom and Ken like many of the same things. common
Tom and Ken have many.......................................
j) It was useless to complain to the manager. point 32
There was ...........................................to the manager
33
GRAMMAR
1 Complete the passage with suitable relative pronouns. There may be more than one possible answer.
Most people don’t remember the time 1.…………………… we didn’t have mobile phones or computers. It’s hard to
imagine that people 2…………………… wanted to get in touch had to call from home or from a public phone. Today,
there are few public places 3…………………… you can find a public phone, and nowadays, there are even families
4.…………………… children call them on their mobile phones when they’re all at home! This happened to my friend Max.
He has two daughters 5…………………… speak for hours on their phones. He got a phone call late at night while he was
in the living room. His youngest daughter, 6…………………… was in her room, called him on her phone. She suddenly felt
so ill that she couldn’t get out of bed. Max and his wife rushed to the bedroom 7.…………………… she was and checked
her temperature, 8.…………………… was 41ºC! They immediately called their doctor, 9…………………… advised them
to take her to hospital. They drove to Mercy Hospital, 10…………………… was the closest hospital to their home. Max
says he will never complain again about the high bills 11.…………………… his daughters run up on their phones.
4 Join each pair of sentences with a defining relative clause. Omit the pronoun where possible.
a. Last week I bought a book. It was written 300 years ago.
b. This is the magazine. I found an article about how young gorillas learn in it.
e. She hasn’t given me back my book. She borrowed it from me last month.
f. Eric paid £80,000 for a table. It had been imported from Japan.
k. Have a look at this newspaper article. My father sent me it from New York.
l. Liz's sister has sold her house. She lived there for ten years
b. The boy’s grandparents bought him a present. He wanted a silver mountain bike.
c. Her book was published last year. It became an instant best-seller.
d. A strange old lady lives next door. She is watching you again.
e. The shoes were the first ones I tried on. I finally bought them.
f. The dog barks all the time. Its owner is never home.
i. The wind caused a lot of damage in my garden. We had not expected it.
k. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a Scottish writer. His most popular character is the detective Sherlock Holmes.
l. The new park will be opened in June. There will be all kinds of animals and plants.
m. My new English teacher comes from Birmingham. I don’t remember his name.
6 Join the sentences using a relative pronoun. Add commas when necessary.
a. He lives in the old town. A lot of ancient monuments have recently been renovated there.
c. I went to speak to one of the neighbours. His children had been making a lot of noise at night.
35
d. We moved here in 1975. It was still a very quiet area then.
7 Match the sentences from the box with the gaps in the text (1-5). Then write the sentences as relative
clauses. Make the necessary changes.
a. We often have barbecues there in the summer.
b. It has two bedrooms, a living room and a kitchen.
c. He is a year younger than me.
d. Their children go to the same school as us.
e. My parents bought it when they went to Morocco last summer.
I live in a small house _____________________________.1The living room is nicely decorated and has a beautiful carpet,
____________________________________. 2 My parents sleep in one of the bedrooms and I share the other one with my
brother Cameron, ____________________________________. 3 The kitchen leads into the garden,
________________________________________. 4 We get on well with all our neighbours, especially with Mr. and Mrs.
Smith _______________________________________ . 5
9 These sentences are all grammatically possible, but not appropriate in speech. Rewrite each sentence so
that it ends with the underlined preposition.
a) Margaret is the girl with whom I went on holiday.
10 Rewrite the first sentence using a preposition at the beginning of a relative clause. Then, convert it into
informal.
I cannot agree with that statement. It is an unfair statement. →
This is an
Our party believes in that idea. I say this idea is right. →
This idea
I am strongly opposed to that policy. And I am not afraid to say so. →
I’m not afraid to say
No one cares about these people. They are the forgotten people. →
They are
You should be ashamed of those mistakes. And everyone knows that. →
Everybody knows those
The boy was laughing at a little girl. She insulted him. →
The girl
11 Write each news item as one sentence. Change the part in brackets into a clause with an active participle
(e.g. costing) or a passive participle {e.g. found).
Ex. A new motorway is planned. (It will cost £500 million.)>A new motorway costing £500 million is planned.
Ex. Some weapons belong to the IRA. (They were found at a flat in Bristol.)>Some weapons found at a flat in Bristol
belong…
a) Families have been evicted. (They were living in an empty office building.)
Families.........................................................................................................................
b) A chemical company has gone bankrupt. (It employed 4,000 people.)
A chemical company...............................................................................
c) A bridge has been declared unsafe. (It was built only two years ago.)
A bridge...............................................................................................
d) People have marched to London. (They are protesting against pollution.)
e) Tennis fans have been queuing all night at Wimbledon. (They hope to buy tickets.)
f) A new drug may give us eternal youth. (It was developed at a British university.)
13 Translate
L’assumpte sobre el que discutim no té res a veure amb tu.
Has d’estar agraït a qui sempre t’ha ajudat
To, els pares del qual van morir en un accident, ha estavellat el seu cotxe contra un arbre.
Sally, que necessita descansar de la feina, està buscant un apartament a la costa.
El meu cosí Jason sempre es du bé amb la gent amb qui treballa.
Mai oblidaré el dia en què el meu marit i jo ens vam prometre
37
.
14 Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and a capital letter or a connector. Make any other
necessary changes. There may be more than one correct answer.
a) We finished the work on time, it was difficult.
b) Lillian was driving too fast and she went round a bend and lost control of the car.
16 Complete these sentences using the adjective in brackets and the comparative structure … and …
a) Travelling to foreign countries is becoming ______________________________. (popular)
b) The ozone layer is getting ____________________ (small) and the hole in the ozone layer is getting
____________________ (big).
c) As we were about to take off, the fog got ____________________ (thick).
d) His cough has got __________________ (bad) since he started smoking again.
e) As the music got louder, my headache got ____________________ (painful).
f) He has been feeling ________________ (good) since he took up golf.
g) As the lesson went on, I was getting ____________________ (interested) in the subject.
17 Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.
a) That's the best meal I've ever eaten.
I've never eaten a meal
b) Fish and meat are the same price in some countries.
Fish costs just
c) I've never enjoyed myself so much.
I've never had
d) If you run a lot, you will get fitter.
The more
e) The doctor can't see you earlier than Wednesday, I'm afraid.
Wednesday is
f) I must have a rest. I can't walk any more.
I must have a rest. I can't go
g) Home computers used to be much more expensive.
Home computers aren't
h) I don't know as much Italian as Sue does.
Sue knows
i) I thought that learning to drive would be difficult, but it isn't.
Learning to drive is
j) Barbara can skate just as well as John can.
John isn't
18 Complete the sentences with an appropriate connector. There is more than one answer in some cases
●Although ●so as to ● since ●though ●so (that) ● so ●despite ● in order (that) ● therefore ●in spite of ● such● Consequently ● to●
because ● as a result ● in order to ●as
a) ______________the cat was very curious, he didn’t go into the hole.
b) He was ______________a good man that he helped many people in need.
c) I gave him my telephone number ______________we could keep in contact.
d) ______________they had fallen in love with each other, they decided to live together’
e) The book was ______________interesting that many people have read it three times.
f) ______________his wisdom, he couldn’t solve the problem. 38
g) My sister ran to the bookshop ______________buy the last book of the trilogy.
h) All my friends had already seen the film ______________I decided to go to the cinema alone.
i) My friend Alice has failed the English exam. ______________she’ll have to study in summer.
j) ______________being close friends, they are always quarrelling.
k) It's ______________ a fantastic car that I'll buy it when I have money.
l) The company paid for an English teacher for her ______________she could learn the language more quickly.
19 Write five sentences of your own by combining the expressions in column A with those in column B.
A B
as a result floods in the rural south
as a consequence his poor exam results
the purpose of inquiry into food poisoning
the cause of his heavy training programme
1___________________________________________________________________
2___________________________________________________________________
3___________________________________________________________________
4___________________________________________________________________
5___________________________________________________________________
c) again/won’t/I/apologises/until/call/he/him
f) was/parents/while/to bed/TV/My/I/watching/went
39
DO THE INSTAGRAM STARS SHOW WE’RE NOW ALL LIVING IN A FALSE REALITY?
Celebrities have always been paid to promote products through social media. But increasingly, Instagram users without real-
world fame are cashing in too. While you’ve been putting up photos of your dog, others have been busy building up their
own brand identity. Companies have sprung up that encourage followers to buy the clothes on your back, the pillows on
your bed, the bowl your cat eats from... You can now assemble your identity through photos that shape your style and your
home.
One of the first Instagram stars was a woman called Jen Selter, who got noticed after posting multiple shots of the results of
her fitness regime. Looking through her photos you can see why people feel compelled to follow her: an ordinary girl who
encourages you to work out for similar results.
Much has been written about celebrity culture –the dangers of attempting to emulate our favourite Hollywood heroes. Why
are these new insta-celebs any different? They’re not sharing spontaneous moments or candid pictures that give you a
realistic look at their lives, they’re presenting a stage set. The idea behind it is to make you believe that if you spend enough,
work out enough, you can be like them. And it works, because they’re not megastars but people like you. This is why you
think their status is achievable.
When your own life becomes your job, though, you’re bound to present it dishonestly. Let’s demand a bit more reality, and
present a more honest version of our own lives in response. We might find that there is no need to emulate a life that
reaches us only through a heavily filtered lens.
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. How do companies advertise their products on Instagram?
b. Why are people interested in Jen Selter?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
a. Only famous celebrities are paid to promote products through social media.
b. Instagram stars do not present their real lives.
c. Instagram works because insta-celebs are like you.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four definitions below from these six options. (1 point: 0.25 each)
brand ●fitness ●encourages ●look ●demand ●reaches
a. motivates 40
b. ask for
c. attains
d. view
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. Selter’s photos of her fitness regime make people think that…
a) they can shoot her.
b) they can obtain the same results.
c) they can upload their own photos.
2. Instagram stars...
a) work for advertising companies.
b) show an honest version of their lives.
c) give an unrealistic image of their lives.
3. Insta-celebs attract interest because...
a) they put up photos of their dog.
b) they construct lives that people want to imitate.
c) they want to become Hollywood celebrities.
1. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers.
1 It's quite straightforward to include experience that shows your good qualities on a CV.
2 The number of students doing volunteer work is increasing.
3 Most volunteer work offered these days is abroad.
4 Volunteer work can sometimes involve a small payment.
5 Employers are interested in the personal qualities of someone who has done volunteer work.
3. Complete the sentences with ideas from the text. Use your own words.
1 Types of volunteer work can include...
2 One disadvantage of doing volunteer work is...
3 Jamie's CV is very detailed. It will help him find a good job. (which)
2. Say if the statements are true, false or not in the text. Give evidence from the text.
Flavia writes all her books in French.
Flavia's first novel started as a short story.
Flavia was inspired by the Harry Potter books.
Flavia wants to act in the film version of her first book.
4. Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning. Use the words you are given to start the sentences.
By the time she was twelve she had completed her first novel.
a) Her first novel
A family friend showed the novel to a publisher.
b) A publisher
'l wanted to make people think about hope,' she said.
c) She said
A lot of people may think they can't do it,' she said.
d) She said that
Apart from direct sales from farms, what type of direct trading is mentioned?
What else will you be able to do in virtual malls apart from shopping?
What will happen if you put your loyalty card into the shopping trolleys in the future?
44
UNIT THREE
1. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of
I. snap up • get rid of • afford • nag •stuff • merchandise • make excuses •on sale • overpriced • pay the bills •make an effort • belongings
Mark: I had no idea that this shop was so expensive! I can’t____________ 1.anything, not even the things that are
____________ 2.
Rose: You’re right. Everything’s terribly ____________3. , but it doesn’t seem to matter to all of these customers who
are____________4.the shop’s____________ 5. , especially the sweaters.
Mark: I wonder if they’ll regret buying them when they have to____________ 6.at the end of the month.
Mum: I want you to tidy up your room – today! I’m tired of seeing so many of your____________ 7.on the floor and piled
on your chair.
Lucy: I know! You keep____________ 8.me about it! But I don’t have anywhere else to put some of that____________ 9. !
Mum: Stop trying to____________ 10. I’m sure you’ve got things you don’t wear or use any more. I suggest that you
____________ 11.to look through your things and see what you’re willing to ____________12.We can donate it to the
charity shop, and then you’ll have plenty of space.
Lucy: But, Mum!
II. stock up on • shop around • afford• outlet • price tag • come to • merchandise •go out of business
For consumers who want designer brands at prices they can ______________1. , the best places to go are __________ 2.
______________3.ends up there for various reasons. Some items may have small flaws, such as a missing button; others
may be from a previous season, or left over odd sizes and colours; others come from small clothing companies that have
failed and ______________4.To fully appreciate the bargains you’re likely to get in an outlet, ______________5.and take a
look at the______________6.on things in trendy boutiques. Then, make your way to the nearest outlet and
______________7.clothing. You’ll be pleasantly surprised at how little the final bill ___________8.
shirt because they admire the athlete who uses that brand. That’s the way sportswear companies make big 45
7.…………………….
5. Complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs below. Make any necessary changes.
come down on ■ come apart ■ stand up to ■ stand in for ■ come across ■come out ■ stand by ■ stand back ■ come up with ■ stand out
a) Have you got any ideas? Not yet, but I’ll try to .................................. something.
b) After weeks of being bullied by some older boys at school, Rick finally .................................. them.
c) Tommy is injured and can’t play in the game. The coach wants you to .................................. him.
d) Poor Kate. I don’t know why the other girls .................................. her so much.
e) You can rely on me. I .................................. whatever decision you make.
f) While we were cleaning the garage, I .................................. a key that I’d lost.
g) Those two dancers are exceptionally good. They really .................................. from the others.
h) She writes lots of books. Her latest one .................................. last month.
i) That clock is very old. Be careful it doesn’t .................................. when you move it.
j) Don’t hurry to make a decision. .................................. and consider the whole situation first.
III. at any rate, in person, out of danger, out of tune, from now on, in private, out of order, under orders.
a) Jim's excuse was that he was acting under _____________from his boss.
b) Things have changed_____________, no-one leaves before 5.00. 47
c) Thank goodness. All the passengers are now_____________
d) The President would like to meet you and thank you_____________
e) Your violin sounds awful! I think it's_____________
f) It's a warm country. We won't need our pullovers, _____________
g) Excuse me, but I'd like to have a word with you_____________
h) You can't use the phone. It's_____________
11. Choose the word that best fits: what would you do if you won a lot of money?
What would you do if you (1) gained/ earned/ awarded/ won US $50 million in a lottery? Would you (2) leave from/ leave to/
leave/ leave for your job and go on (3) holiday/ the holiday/ holidays/ the holidays for a year? You could (4) book a journey/ reserve a
visit/ arrange a trip/ organize a voyage to all those countries you've read about. You could even (5) hire/ adopt/ borrow/ rent your
own private plane and fly to the most (6) unsettled/ foreign/abandoned/ remote places as far away as possible!
You will want a large house - perhaps one which (7) includes/ contains/ consists/ encloses all the luxuries of a modern mansion:
an (8) indoor/ indoors/ inside/ insides swimming pool, two kitchens (one for European-style cooking and the other for Asian or
African), a sauna, etc. The house must also have beautiful (9) scenery/ views/ outlooks/ scenes from all the rooms and a huge
private garden.
After you have bought your (10) luxurious/ luxuriant/ luxury/ luxuriance house, you will need a television set and a stereo. Now
is the time to buy the newest home cinema at a (11) fee/ charge/ cost/ rate of US $100.000! The (12) noise/ listening/ broadcast/
sound and picture quality of the best of these home cinemas will be superior to any movie theatre in your town or city. Then
you will have to get a yacht with plenty of comfortable cabins on board so you can (13) invite/ offer/ welcome/ request your
friends to take a voyage with you.
But how will you get to your yacht? Certainly not by (14) public transport/ a public transport/ the public transport/ public transports.
You will need to make the (15) travel/ expedition/ journey/ passage there in a very expensive car - preferably a car which 005:5
9t least US $800,000.
12. Use the word given and other words to complete each sentence. You must use between two and five words.
Do not change the word given
1 What is your date of birth? born
When........................................................?
2 Although the weather was quite bad, a lot of supporters attended the match. despite
A lot of supporters attended the match .........................................................
3 I'll receive a cheque and then I'll pay you immediately. soon
I'll pay you ............................................................. a cheque.
4 It is very expensive to live in London. cost
The .......................................................... is very high.
5 People often recover from this particular illness in a few days. common
It is ..................................................................... from this particular illness in a few days.
6 His daughter owns this flat. belongs
This .......................................................... his daughter.
7 He seems unable to appreciate classical music. incapable
He seems .................................................................... classical music.
8 The journey to Jakarta took ten hours. hour
It was .......................................................... journey to Jakarta.
9 The little girl is always biting her fingernails. habit
The little girl .......................................................... her fingernails.
10. He told me that all the students had bicycles. each
He told me that ......................................................................
48
13. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
a) The ship stopped because two passengers had fallen____
A) upside down B) overboard C) underground D) inside out
b) The____ was crowded with passengers waiting for the train.
A) platform B) quay C) runway D) pavement
c) We had to stop for petrol at a filling____
A) garage B) service C) pump D) station
d) Mary looked up the fastest train to Glasgow in the____
A) catalogue B) timetable C) dictionary D) programme
e) The train was very crowded because there were only four____
A) coaches B) waggons C) trucks D) cars
f) Peter's car____ off the icy road and fell into a ditch.
A) crashed B) collided C) hit D) skidded
g) I dropped my wallet from the boat but luckily it____
A) drifted B) floated C) sank D) rescued
h) Everything went dark when the train entered a/an____
A) underground B) tunnel C) tube D) metro
i) David missed his train because of the queue in the ticket____
A) office B) agency C) room D) lounge
j) To get to our hotel we had to cross the railway____
A) road B) route C) rails D) line
GRAMMAR
1 Correct the sentences below so that they use parallel structures.
a) Most of our neighbours are friendly, considerate and they like to help.
b) Before you write your essay, a topic should be selected, brainstorm ideas and decide which ideas to use.
c) Ben decided to find a job, save his money and that he would go to university.
2 Complete the sentences with although, though, despite, in spite of, such a/an or so.
a) ………………….I don’t like fish much, I eat it because it’s good for me.
b) Emily’s ......................... friendly girl that we simply must invite her to the party.
c) I didn’t feel tired the next day ......................... not going to bed until 4 a.m.
d) ......................... Derek dances really well, he doesn’t go to the disco very often.
e) Colin stayed out late ......................... the fact that I told him to come home by ten o’clock.
f) Patrick is ......................... intelligent that he hardly needs to study for his exams.
3 Rewrite the sentences with the connectors in brackets. Do not change the meaning of the sentences.
a) The entire class will be punished because you behaved badly. (due to)
b) You should back up your files so that you won’t lose them. (so as)
c) The roads were flooded, as it had been raining for a week. (consequently)
d) Fresh bread is unavailable now, since bakeries are closed at this time of night. (so)
e) Social networking is fun and convenient. For this reason, it is very popular. (because)
49
f) I took my father’s car in order to get there faster. (so that)
4 Make sentences using so (that)/in order that + clause or in order to/so as to/to + infinitive.
a) I have to go to the hairdresser’s_________________________________________
b) Do your weekend homework on Friday night________________________________________
c) My brother wants to get fitter________________________________________
d) I waited until you were on your own________________________________________
e) Let’s run________________________________________
f) She is behaving very well________________________________________
5 Rewrite the following sentences with the connectors and time expressions in brackets. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
a) I fell asleep while I was watching the film. (during)
b) They moved into a flat after they had sold the house. (then)
d) I stood up. Just then, someone threw a ball at my head. (as soon as)
f) First, we decided on a date for the party. Then, we called everyone to let them know. (before)
8 Complete the conversation. Use should, ought to, had better or be supposed to and the verbs in brackets. Usually there
is more than one correct answer.
Vicky: What time are we supposed to be (we / be) at the coffee morning?
Rachel: The invitation says ten o'clock.
Vicky: Well, it's ten now................................................. (we / hurry). (2)………………………………… (we / not / be)
late.
Rachel: Oh, it won't matter if we're a bit late.
Vicky: I think it would be rude, wouldn't it? I don't think people............................................ (arrive) late when they've been
invited to something.
Rachel: You worry too much.........…………... (you / not / take) everything so seriously, Vicky. It's a coffee morning, not
a job interview. (5)……………………………............... (we / not / get) there exactly on time.
10 Complete the sentences with a modal perfect and the correct form of the verbs in brackets
a) I'm not sure how the burglar entered the house, but he ____________(get in) through the window.
b) The fridge was open and there was food on the floor. The burglar ____________ (eat) some of our food.
c) I'm amazed he didn't find our jewels! He ____________ (look) very carefully for them.
d) The neighbour saw a man running away. He ____________ (be) the burglar but we're not sure.
11 Speculate about the past situations. Use the modal verbs in brackets.
a) A friend of yours, who normally walks to school, comes by bus today. (could)
b) You leave your computer in the classroom. When you come back, it has disappeared. (must)
c) It's 7pm and your mum isn’t home from work. She normally takes the bus and gets home by 5pm. (could)
d) Your sister’s just got the results of an important exam. She looks quite depressed. (must)
15 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal or modal perfect, affirmative or negative, and the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer.
a) Pam is crying. She .…………………… (hear) bad news.
b) It .…………………… (rain) today, so take an umbrella with you to school.
c) Why did Julia throw away her old clothes? She .…………………… (give) them to a charity.
d) I .…………………… (take) the car, but it was such a nice day, I decided to walk.
e) We understand. You .…………………… (explain).
16 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given.
a) It wasn't necessary for me to go out after all. have
I
b) There was a plan for Jack to become manager, but he left. was
Jack manager, but he left.
c) It was a mistake for you to buy that car. bought
You that car.
d) I don't think that Sally enjoyed her holiday. have
Sally enjoyed her holiday.
e) It's possible that Bill saw me. may 52
Bill me.
f) I'm sure that Karen was a beautiful baby. been
Karen a beautiful baby.
g) Perhaps Alan didn't mean what he said. meant
Alan what he said.
h) It's possible that I left my wallet at home. could
I my wallet at home.
i) I think you were wrong to sell your bike. shouldn't
You bike.
j) The only thing I could do was run away! had
I run away!
17 Here is some information for visitors to NY. Write the missing words. Use one word only in each space.
Before you travel to the US, you must find out what documents you need. British people do not
(1)……………………….to get a visa, but there are different rules for different nationalities. For example, you (2)
......................... need to show that you have enough money with you. But there's one rule you can be sure about: everyone
(3)………………………... to show their passport. The roads in New York are very busy, but don't worry - you
(4)………………..get around cheaply and easily by subway. Remember that you are not (5)……………… to smoke on
public transport or in shops. And don't forget either that you are (6) ……………………. to tip taxi drivers and waiters.
New York is not the most dangerous city in the US, but you really (7) ………….....walk along empty streets at night. And it
is safer if you are (8) .................. to travel around in a group.
18 Use a modal verb to rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same.
a) It wasn’t necessary for you to go.
You
b) It’s possible that they left the party.
They
c) He has definitely been in the city.
He
d) Don’t speak to your mother like that.
You
e) We managed to break the secret code.
We
f) It was a bad idea to keep the photos under the bed.
You
g) It’s impossible for me to come tomorrow.
I
h) You are required to show your identity card. (have)
You
i) They succeeded in losing weight. (able)
They
19 Translate
Tim mai fa tard. El seu cotxe es deu haver avariat.
Val més que no prenguis part en la protesta: podria tornar-se violenta.
El govern hauria d’haver-se gastat més diners en energies renovables en lloc de posar un impost al sol.
Serà millor que aturem el consum de combustibles sòlids per aturar l’augment de temperatura
S’hauria d’ensenyar més educació mediambiental a les escoles
No feia falta que hagueres vingut.
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. Why do young people prefer to access their favourite TV series from pirate sites?
b. Why will broadcasters avoid undertaking legal action against law transgressors?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 point: 0.5 each)
a. The launch of Sky Atlantic will probably increase television piracy.
b. Young people do not distinguish a legal site from an illegal one.
c. People who download illegally will definitely be fined.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four words below from these six options: (1 point: 0.25 each)
sets ●bits ●screens ● linked ●chances ●downloaded
a. monitors
b. pieces
c. connected
d. opportunities 55
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. To subscribe to Sky Atlantic...
a. people have to pay £ 20 a month or more.
b. people have to pay less than £ 20 a month.
c. people need to pay up to £ 20 a month.
2. Many non-subscription viewers...
a. can get a DVD box set of their favourite series at the same time the episodes are broadcast.
b. can get a DVD box set of their favourite series after the episodes have been broadcast.
c. can get a DVD box set of their favourite series before the episodes are broadcast.
3. Watching programs on a traditional TV set ...
a. is getting more and more common among young people.
b. is getting less and less common among young people.
c. makes young people impatient.
1. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers,
1 The discussions about children's pocket money today are the same as they have always been.
2 There will always be some things we'll need to pay for with cash.
3 One danger of the new card is that teenagers could get into debt.
4 Not all websites will accept the cards.
5 These cards are not necessarily going to help young people deal with their money well.
2. Say if the statements are true, false or not in the text. Give evidence from the text.
Kim's eyes didn't focus on the same thing at the same time when he was reading.
Kim had exceptional musical talent.
Kim acted in the film Roin Man.
Kim read less after Rain Man
4. Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning. Use the words you are given to start the sentences.
Kim memorised thousands of books. → Thousands of books
A lot more social contact transformed him. → He
'It was like looking after a child,' Fran said.→ Fran said
'Now I think his heart is bigger than his brain’ Fran said. → He said
JOURNALIST: With us today is Chris Ryan, a student of Spanish Studies at the University of Lleida, who
grew up in one of the world’s remotest nations, Greenland. Today we will have the chance to learn
more about Greenland and Greenlandic life. Choose the best answer according to the recording. Only
ONE answer is correct.
1. What makes Chris uncomfortable about the 5. How do people travel from town to town in
hot weather? Greenland?
_ He’s never hot in Greenland. _ People have cars and bicycles.
_ The way he has to dress for hot weather. _ People fly by helicopter.
_ He doesn’t like wearing shorts or t-shirts. _ People ride on dog sleds.
_ He doesn’t know: he’s never been in Lleida in _ People ride on reindeer sleds.
July. 6. Why do Danish teachers and doctors go to
2. According to Chris, what’s the main work in Greenland?
difference between winters in Greenland and in _ It’s only a four-hour flight to Denmark.
Spain? _ It’s compulsory practice before working in
_ Everything stops in Spain if there’s 5 cm of snow. Denmark.
_ There are no snowplows in Spain to take snow _ The pay is not very high but life is not expensive
away. in Greenland.
_ In Greenland, people go wild when driving in the _ They are very well paid even if life in Greenland is
snow. expensive.
_ Most shops close in Greenland when it snows. 7. Which two things does Chris mention as
3. Why did Chris like to go to Spain on strange habits on your birthday in Greenland?
holidays? Because… You,,,
_ it was almost as if he had always lived there. _ are sniffed and you throw coins in the air.
_ he found Greenland boring. _ have a piñata with coins instead of sweets.
_ films and clothes in Spain were more updated. _ are sniffed and you are said to stink.
_ he could meet her grandparents. _ throw coins in the air which the children collect.
4. Why are you NOT allowed riding dog sleds in 8. Which is the local story behind the Northern 58
Nuuk? Lights?
_ Because dogs are dangerous; they are not pets. _ The lights are spirits who take you if you whistle
_ Because dogs are kept as pets. while they play.
_ Because a child was killed by a dog once. _ The lights are heads playing football.
_ Because dog owners do not respect them. _ The lights are whistles that play with balls.
_ People should whistle when the lights die out.
LISTENING 2
1. Match the words to the definitions.
Fingerprint B An operation to take skin from one part of the
Graft body and use it to replace skin in another part
Vanity C A mark left by your finger when you touch
Heal something
- D Being too interested in your appearance
A When skin becomes healthy again after an injury
2. Listen and circle the best answers.
Fingerprints were used to identify individuals as early as...
A 1788. B 1878 C 1938. D 1958.
The man who used acid to change his fingerprints was a...
A kidnapper. B bank robber. C burglar. D scientist.
In 2005, fingerprints were replaced with skin from a criminal’s...
A back. B chest. C toes. D leg.
Who was sent to prison in the 2005 case?
A the drug trafficker and the policeman B the surgeon C the policeman D The drug trafficker
and the surgeon
For criminals, having facial cosmetic surgery is ... than changing their fingerprints.
A more popular but less effective B less popular but more effective C more effective D less
effective
3. Listen again. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.
Fingerprints have helped the police identify criminals since the 1930s.
It is possible to use skin from other parts of the body to replace fingerprints.
59
UNIT FOUR
1. Complete with one or more words:
Bob Norman wanted to catch the 8.30 train to Reading. ……………….his alarm clock didn't work, …………….. he had to
catch the 9.15 train. He usually went to the station..............foot, but today he had to go ..............bus. Now he was standing on
the platform at Reading station, where he had to change lines. The train was already twenty minutes late.
“I wish the train came on time,' he said to himself. At last the train arrived at the platform and he found a ……………….
Unfortunately he was sitting next to some very badly behaved children, who were making a lot of noise. Their parents kept
telling them to be ……………, but they wouldn't stop (shout) ................................. and (hit).................................. each other.
'If I have children, I'll ...................... them ........... quite strictly,' Richard thought. His father had died.................a heart attack
when Richard was six, but his mother had been very firm with him as a child, and he had ................................................. to
become a man who liked discipline and hard work.
“I wish Gatwick airport was closer to London,' he thought as the train stopped (let) ..........................men people on at another
station. At last he arrived at Gatwick and bought a book ...............................he would have something to read on the plane.
Flying used to be exciting, but he flew so often these days that he often got...................................... But now he was looking
……………… to forgetting about work, relaxing on the beach and ......................to music on his Walkman
2. Complete each sentence with a suitable word: breath, fail, impression, secret, strike, costs, return, stock
a) This is important. You must catch the two men at all _____________
b) I was under the_____________ that you enjoyed working here.
c) Please hand your work in on Tuesday, without_____________
d) We can't go by train. The train-drivers are on_____________
e) Martin is supposed to have given up smoking, but he smokes in_____________
f) I'm afraid we don't have your size, we are out of_____________
g) If I give you the information, what will you give me in_____________?
h) I ran for the bus, and now I'm out of _____________
3. Rewrite using a verb from the box so that the meaning stays the same. You may have to change the form:
call off, draw up, give in, look up, put aside, put up, turn down, turn up, wear off, work out
a) Jack always arrives late for work.
b) See if their number is in the phone directory.
c) I'm saving up to buy a new bike.
d) After a few days the pain in Dave's leg went away. 60
e) I'm afraid the match has been cancelled.
f) The government refused to yield to the demands of the terrorists.
g) We offered them £250,000 for the house but they refused our offer.
h) You can stay with us if you come to Cambridge.
i) I can't calculate how much the whole trip will cost.
j) A large silver limousine stopped outside the house
Feel a bit under the weather/do sby the world of good/ as right as rain/ be on sby/ put all the eggs in one basket
a) I’m feeling much better, __________________now
b) He’s depressed lately, ___________________
c) Take this soup because you’ve got a bad cold. It’ll ____________________
d) Put your money away, it_______________
e) I know you’re good at football, but you should give up your studies. It’s not advisable ______________
Career/ degree, miss/ lose, remember/ remind, earn/ win, expect/ hope, trip/ travel, sensible/ sensitive
a) I’m taking a ________ at university. I’d like to __________follow my father’s __________ as a doctor.
b) He’d __________his wallet and had to report to the police, so he _________ the train
c) You’ll be seeing Tom tomorrow. ___________ to ___________ him to give my book back.
d) He ___________his living as a taxi driver, but he doesn’t really need it. He’s ____________ the lottery twice!
e) What a surprise! I didn’t ____________to see you here. I really__________ you’ve had a great time.
f) We’re planning a ____________ to South America. Do you need vaccines if you ___________ there?
g) You should be more___________ with her and not shout at her. Why don’t you grow up and show you’re
___________ at long last?
61
Get the sack/ employee/ weaknesses/ employer/ willingness/ reluctance/ working conditions/ strengths/ personality traits
Psychologists often interview future____________ to investigate their____________ and consider both their
____________ and ____________. _____________ show a great ___________ to take decisions about hiring people,
because it is discouraging to see how you misjudge people. _____________ may not be what they seemed. That’s why
workers show less ____________ to get involved in the team and start producing less, until they ______________. And
this means a great loss, because they have been trained at the company’s cost.
7. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below. Make any necessary changes.
work well under pressure • show the ropes• shifts •make a living •odd jobs •team player• devoted• rewarding• get training • in charge of
My cousin Frank is an experienced and 1…………………… firefighter. He says that it’s a difficult way to 2.………………,
but he loves the work. The job suits him because he 3…………………… and stays calm. He also is a 4.……………………
who gets along with others. He got interested in becoming a firefighter when he did 5…………………… at the fire station
as a teenager. After leaving school, he 6…………………his……………………by taking a firefighters’ course. Frank is now
7.…………………… the fire station where he was first 8.…………………… .He says that his wife doesn’t complain,
although he has to work 9…………………… and he isn’t well paid. However, she understands how important and
10…………………… being a firefighter is to him.
8. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word or words given, and so that the meaning stays the same.
Do not change the words given in any way.
a) Terry works in a different place now. job
d) This job is a good way to earn money, but that's all. living
e) The firm gave me a rise after I had worked there a year. raised
9. Choose one word from below for each gap: scientists learn from crocodiles!
From recent (1).... we now know that crocodiles possess an extremely (2).... form of hemoglobin - the substance which
carries oxygen in the blood. As a result, this has a direct (3).... on the length of time they can hold their breath and
consequently their ability (4).....underwater for (5)..... This is very important because they drown their victims by holding
them underwater.
When crocodiles hold their breath, their bodies produce a chemical signal which makes their hemoglobin give up more of its
oxygen than (6).....crocodiles can then use that oxygen without any (7).... to breathe in more air. Research workers (8).... are
trying to reproduce this hemoglobin molecule in (9) ....blood. Their work may eventually make it possible (10).... underwater
for much longer. The (11).... is that this unusual form of hemoglobin may not be the only explanation why crocodiles can
stay underwater for so long. (12) .... this, however, the research is of great (13).... for the future and may even (14).... scientists
to produce artificial blood. This is just another example of the way in which we can (15).... Our own lives by studying
animals.
1. Study studying studies studyings
2. Unique unusual unequalled incomparable
3. Affect result cause effect
4. to stay for staying of staying stay
5. a long time long times long time some long times
6. ordinary regular usual typical
7. necessary need needs necessities
8. nowadays in nowadays on nowadays at nowadays
9. human human’s humane humans’
10. for someone swimming that someone can swim for someone to swim so that one swam
62
11. matter problem objection question
12. although in spite despite though
13. worth value quality excellence
14. aid assist help benefit
15. increase benefit profit improve
12. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
a) I bought these shoes in the sale. They were a real ____
A) cheap B) economy C) bargain D) purchase
b) If you put your money in the bank, it will earn ten per cent____
A) interest B) profit C) deposit D) investment
15. Write a second sentence that adds details to the first sentence.
a) We were quite upset with each other. heart-to-heart talk
b) ___________________________________________________________________
c) We’re looking for someone to share our flat. notice
d) ___________________________________________________________________
e) Cyndi doesn’t want to come along. talk round
f) ___________________________________________________________________
g) Our neighbourhood is dirty and neglected. indifference
h) ___________________________________________________________________
i) The baby isn’t sleeping. whisper
j) ___________________________________________________________________
k) Everything they’ve written about his speech is wrong. misinterpret
l) ___________________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
1. Complete the rewritten versions of the headlines so that they mean the same. Use the Passive.
a) Roman paintings discovered.
Some Roman paintings __________________at an archaeological site yesterday.
b) Man arrested twenty times for dangerous driving.
A man__________________ this year.
c) Motorway hole caused by meteorite?
The huge hole in the M60 motorway may__________________ , experts claimed.
d) Bus prices to be increased.
Bus prices__________________ by nearly ten percent next month.
e) Famous hotel destroyed by fire.
One of London’s most famous hotels__________________ yesterday.
f) Pop singer faints during interview.
A famous pop singer fainted while she__________________ on Mexican TV.
4. Complete the text with the correct active or passive form of the verbs in brackets.
A new type of burglar alarm__________________ (recently / invent). The invention__________________(call) an Alarm
Security bar and it __________________(copy) the sound of a barking dog. The alarm __________________ (design) to
go off whenever someone __________________ (touch) it, or even __________________ (open) the front door. This new
alarm __________________ (now/sell) on the Internet and in specialised security stores. It __________________ (base)
on a similar product that __________________ (invent) in the 1950s but it is much more efficient. In the future I am sure
that many burglars __________________ (scare) off by this fantastic new invention.
5. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or the passive form.
The Madame Tussauds museums are big tourist attractions in many cities all over the world. The first museum
1.…………………… (establish) by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud in 1835, and today there are seven museums in four
countries. Each year, millions of people 2.…………………… (visit) the museums where life-sized wax statues
3.…………………… (display). Over the years, the statues 4.…………………… (include) famous public figures, like
important historical people, film stars and even famous murderers. It 5.…………………… (consider) a great honour to be
chosen to be part of the museum. The museums 6.…………………… (create) new statues and 7.……………………
(change) the exhibits frequently. This 8.…………………… (happen) when people 9.…………………… (lose) their
popularity with the public. However, there are some statues that 10.…………………… (show) for years, like the Beatles and
Princess Diana. It’s safe to say that their popularity 11.…………………… never …………………… (go away).
6. Change the sentences into the passive using the indirect object as subject.
a) My parents should allow me to stay out late.
7. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive so that they mean the same.
a) They gave me two tickets for the concert. (2)
65
8. Transform the sentences from active to passive.
a) People say that the medicines are false.
It
b) People now know that the painting is a Velázquez.
The painting
c) People think that garlic is good for your health.
It
d) People believe that the criminal is living in Brazil.
The criminal
e) People say that he is an excellent doctor.
He
f) People know that salmon contains very high levels of omega-3.
It
g) People believe that this is the best hospital in the country.
This hospital
b) The police think that the robber had previously worked in the bank.
c) They believe that the new film has already come out.
f) They say that British hooligans are the worst in the world
g) People think that dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago.
h) They think hooliganism is one of the oldest sports on earth.
j) They thought the football player was the most attractive man of the year.
11. Complete the sentences with have something done using the correct tense.
a) I’m staying at home tomorrow morning because I_________________________ (repair /roof).
b) You need to_________________________ (some new programmes /install) on your computer.
c) Why are the windows dirty? I thought you _________________________ (clean / them).
d) I _________________________ (just / photo /take) for my passport.
e) Your hair’s too long. When _________________________ (you/last /cut/ it)?
f) He_________________________ (test /his eyes) once a year.
g) I might_________________________ (redecorate/my house) next year.
h) I _________________________ (not /dry-clean/my clothes). I do it myself 66
12. Complete the passages with the verbs in brackets. Use the active, passive or causative form.
A. Katie 1.…………………… (know) how to get people to do things. She 2.…………………… (elect) head of the
annual party committee last month. She 3.…………………… the entertainment (arrange) by Tom because he
4.…………………… (manage) several bands in the past. She 5.…………………… (convince) an expensive restaurant to
give us a discount. Later on today, her assistant 6.…………………… (call) everyone to remind them of the party. Her
assistant 7.…………………… (do) this during her lunch break. No one 8.…………………… (refuse) Katie’s requests.
B. Mr. Jones 9.…………………… (collect) records since he 10.…………………… (hear) the Beatles as a
teenager. His favourite records …………………… (find) at second-hand shops or car boot sales. More recently, he
11.
12.…………………… (ask) his children to search for bargains on Internet sites. They 13.…………………… (not mind)
doing this because they 14.…………………… (pay) by their father for each record. Mrs Jones 15.…………………… (often
complain) about this hobby in the past before they 16.…………………… (move) to a bigger house two years ago. Mr Jones
17.…………………… shelves …………… (build) in the attic and his enormous record collection 18.……………… (keep)
there now.
14. Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets.
a) Pavarotti sang the song, (by)
15. Complete each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
a) The local cinema has a good film on at the moment.
There
b) I can't drink coffee so late at night.
It's late
c) Don't worry if you can't answer all the questions.
It doesn't all the questions.
d) The fridge is empty.
There fridge.
e) This journey has been tiring.
It journey.
f) The station is far away.
It station.
g) Let's have a break now.
It's for a break now. 67
h) I enjoyed seeing you.
It you.
16. Reorder the sentences using because, in order to, so (that), since, as.
a) because / he / can’t / John / come / is / ill
19. Misplaced modifiers correct the sentences below by moving some the words.
a) My guitar teacher almost knows everything about music.
d) Les imatges de menor han de ser tractades amb molt de compte per tal d’evitar ser demandats.
e) Tothom sap que les rets social són font de molts problemes.
g) Els articles de la Viquipèdia poden ser escrits per qualsevol persona amb accés a Internet.
i) S’enviarà una nova contrasenya a tots els usuaris al més aviat possible.
j) Com puc fer que treguin les meves fotos del Google?
21. Complete the dialogue with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
Anna What’s up with you?
Gary I’ve got a terrible toothache.
Anna Why don’t you go and see the university dentist? He________________ really good.
Gary Yeah, I ________________ (tell) that he’s good too. But won’t it be expensive?
Anna lf you only need a filling, then you ________________ (not charge) much. It depends on what needs to
________________ (do).
Gary Anyway, what about you Anna? I heard that you ________________ (take) to hospital last week. What happened?
Anna I got food poisoning. The doctor said that I'd probably eaten some fish that________________ (not cook)
properly, but I'm much better now.
22. Write a sentence about each of the ideas in brackets. Use the passive with a reporting verb
Ex. (English Weather) English weather is known to be quite rainy and cold.
a) (English language)→
b) (Japanese comic characters) →
c) (English food) →
d) (Mediterranean Diet) →
e) (Rafa Nadal) →
SPAIN’S JOBLESS WOMEN BECOME THE BOSS TO BEAT THE RECESSION
When it comes to finding a job in Europe, not all citizens are born equal. If you are Spanish you have a one in four chance
of being unemployed, rising to one in two if you are young. And if you are a young woman in Spain? The chances of finding
yourself among the unemployed are even higher, at 54.7%. Now however, young Spanish women are finding their own
solutions to the crisis, discovering the value of enterprises that has resulted in a record 800,000 businesses being set up by
women in the past five years.
“The crisis allowed women to seriously consider becoming businesswomen, something many had never thought of before,”
said Joan Torrent Sellens. In the past decades Spanish women have advanced in government and the public sector, but are
still behind in setting up enterprises, creating less than 20% of businesses. When analysing the same figures during the crisis,
Torrent Sellens found a surprising result: the number of businesses created by women had nearly doubled during the crisis,
to just under 40%.
“These days you can act like a big businessman without having a lot of employees,” said Torrent Sellens. “The crisis allowed
women to ask: ‘Why do I have to be a director at a multinational, earning a third of what my male counterparts are earning
when I can create, my own business and lead my own project?’ The crisis gave them an alternative, their own way of
breaking through the glass ceiling,” he added.
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. Why are young Spanish women now starting so many new businesses?
b. What are the benefits of owning a business if you are a woman?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
a. The rate of unemployment for all women in Spain is higher than 50%.
b. Spanish women have advanced in certain sectors during the past decades.
c. Women can only be successful in business if they have a lot of employees.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four definitions below from these six options. (1 point: 0.25 each)
chance ●rising● resulted in● set up ●surprising ●alternative
a. created
b. option
c. led to 69
d. possibility
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. Setting up a business is the strategy that Spanish women have used...
a) to earn a higher salary than men.
b) to solve the crisis in Spain.
c) to avoid unemployment.
2. In the past decades, Spanish women...
a) have not made serious advances in creating private businesses.
b) have created a lot of jobs for men at the government and public sector.
c) have made advances in 20% of enterprises in the public sector.
3. If women create their own businesses they can...
a) become managers at multinationals.
b) lead their own business initiatives.
c) get a lot of employees in their enterprises.
2. Complete the sentences with ideas from the text. Use your own words.
1 Health problems associated with listening to loud music are worse today because...
2 Specialists disagree on what action should be taken because...
4 Doctors will treat hundreds of patients for this complaint next year.
5. Is technology dangerous for our health? Write a for and against essay of 130-150 words
The dictionary definition of a nanny is: ‘A woman employed to look after the children in a rich family's home.' Traditionally,
then, nannies have been women. But Peter Cummins, aged 19, has recently become the first man to study at Norland
College in England, which has been training nannies since 1892.
If you are a parent trying to juggle your career and your children, you will like the sound of Peter. He is happy to work non-
stop from 7 a.m. until bedtime stories at 8 p.m. He is careful to load the dishwasher after meals and to clean the floor of cake
crumbs and yoghurt. And this is the best bit: he doesn't even think it's particularly hard work.
Peter discovered his vocation when he had to look after six cousins aged between one and a half and eleven years old. 'I was
playing card games, and hide-and-seek, preparing their food and putting them to bed, and it just seemed to come quite
naturally. It didn’t feel like work.' He adds, 'There's something incredibly rewarding about smiling at a little baby and seeing
her smile back.'
When Peter finishes his two-year course and one-year probation period, he will earn more than £400 (that’s 600 euros) a
week as well as getting free meals and accommodation, and extras such as a mobile phone, a car and foreign holidays.
Indeed, there is such a demand for well-trained nannies that he will probably be able to interview the families rather than
vice versa. Peter thinks that being a man will help, too: 'All children benefit from male role models,' he says. 'In a family
where the father works away a lot, I can help fill the gap.'
So, while his friends are going to university, Peter is learning how to get babies to go to sleep, to encourage little children to
eat their vegetables and how to read bedtime stories. 'Initially, I’d like to work in America or Canada,' he says.
2. Say if the statements are true, false or not in the text. Give evidence from the text.
a) Peter is an attractive candidate for a future employer
b) Peter thinks that being a nanny is difficult but satisfying.
c) Peter always knew he liked children.
d) Peter thinks that it is good for children to have male nannies.
4. Write a composition of 100-150 words. Do you believe that there are jobs that should only be done by men and
others that should only be done by women? Why? /Why not?
Steven Spencer made his acting debut at age 16 in BBC 2’s television action film called Life or Death,
and playing the role of detective David Jones at age 23. Jones has starred in five David Jones’ films
since 2001, the final one being released in July 2011.
Choose the best answer according to the recording.
1. Steve is apparently nervous because he…
_ doesn’t like being interviewed. 5. Which of the following statements is true?
_ always gets excited when being interviewed. _ Steve went to see the Chilli Peppers in Hyde Park.
_ has never been interviewed on the radio before. _ Steve went to his first concert last year.
_ doesn’t know what to say. _ Steve will be seeing The Drixies in December.
2. The last David Jones film is different from the
previous films because… _ Steve never gets to see any concerts.
_ it is Steve’s favourite David Jones film. 6. How did Steve learn about The Drixies?
_ there’s a lot more stunts. _ He heard one of their songs in a film soundtrack.
_ you never know what’s coming next. _ He saw a compilation of their records in a music
store.
_ it is more sophisticated and scary. _ He downloaded a compilation of their greatest hits
3. Steve likes doing his own stunts. In his latestrecord.
film… _ He saw a film about the band playing at a club.
_ he almost killed himself. 7. According to the interview, Steve
_ he had to climb up a statue. _ gets obsessed with films.
_ he got a few scars in a sword fight. _ goes to too many festivals and concerts.
_ he was on a wire and got injured. _ doesn’t like film soundtracks.
4. Why was Steve scared when the director asked
him to write about his character? _ is crazy about The Drixies.
_ Because he was terrified, just to think about it. 8. Steve would like to have the time to…
_ go to more film festivals.
_ Because Steven doesn’t like to work. _ listen to the kind of music he likes. 72
_ Because the director asked him to write parts of the_ play the guitar in a band.
film. _ go to music concerts.
_ Because he found out how much like David Jones he
himself was.
LISTENING 2
1. Match the words and phrases to the definitions.
War-torn A enjoy something exciting
Cradle of civilization B rules and recommendations
Get a kick out of C very badly damaged by a war
Guidelines D the origin of culture and society
Which type of tourists have a greater chance of having problems in these countries?
73
UNIT FIVE
1. Complete each sentence with a word:
cheat, copy, memorise, pay, revise, concentrate, divide, pass, punish, underline
a) Our teachers used to______________ us by making us stay behind after school.
b) If you______________ twenty-seven by nine, the answer is three.
c) Try to______________ the most important rules.
d) It is difficult to______________ attention in a noisy classroom.
e) Pauline tried her best to______________ the end of year examinations.
f) Your work is the same as Harry's. Did you______________ his work?
g) Your mind is wandering! You must______________ more!
h) Helen decided to______________ all her work at the end of every week.
i) It's a good idea to______________ important parts of the book in red.
j) The teacher saw Jerry trying to______________ in the exam.
5. Complete each sentence (a-j) with a suitable ending (1-10). Use each ending once.
a) Joe was absent most of the time 1 so he didn't have any problems passing his exams.
b) Sue wanted to do the experiment for herself 2 so he started talking in French after only a few days.
c) James was a very gifted pupil 3 so she had to study for the entrance examinations.
d) Lucy couldn't find a duster to clean the board 4 so his name was removed from the register.
e) Dave could pick up languages very easily 5 so he didn't go out with his friends much during the week.
f) Brenda wanted to leave space for corrections 6 so she wrote her answers in the corner.
g) Tony didn't pay attention in class 7 so she didn't have many friends of her own age.
h) Helen was educated at home by her parents 8 so she wrote everything on alternate lines.
i) Brian attended evening classes in photography 9 so she went to the science laboratory.
j) Cathy wanted to get into university 10 so he could never remember what the teacher had said.
7. Use the word given in bold to form a word that fits in the space.
Margaret started English Literature this term, and I am afraid that her (1) introduce _______________to the subject has
not been entirely (2) success______________. She has not shown much enthusiasm, and does not always pay (3) attend
____________in class. Her assignments are often (4) read_____________, because she is so untidy, and because of her (5)
fail____________ to check her work thoroughly. She failed to do any (6) revise______________ before the end of term
test, and had poor results. She seems to have the (7) mistake________________ idea that she can succeed without
studying. She has also had many (8) absent_______________ and has frequently arrived late for class. This has resulted in
several (9) punish_______________. Although Margaret is a (10) gift_______________ student in some respects, she has
not had a satisfactory term.
9. Cloze
They started smoking (1) .......................they hadn't anything else to do. Then they began to get (2) ............ to having one or
two cigarettes each day, Later there was an increase (3)................the number of cigarettes they smoked each day, (4) ...............
their health as they found (5)....................more and more difficult to change their (6) .................... The most important question
now is: How can young people be deterred (7) .................. smoking cigarettes?
A group of students who are (8) ..................to smoking are now trying hard to (9) .................other students to stop smoking.
They know what it is like to be addicted to cigarettes but they have all now stopped smoking. 'My decision to stop smoking
has completely changed my (10) ....................' said one of them recently. I feel (11) ..................... healthier now, Not only can I
now run faster but I can also work (12) ...................'
For another student the incentive to stop was very strong. '(13)....................was difficult for me to play sports.' the sixteen
(14)................ –old student said. ‘When I smoked, I never had the energy to do a lot of things I wanted to do. Sometimes I
wasn’t even (15) .................of studying properly’.
get it off your chest / pull your leg / has green fingers/ pay through the nose / is all ears / has a heart of gold
a) She’s so kind and helpful. She...................................
b) If you’re worried about something, tell me. You should...................................
c) She wants to hear all about your date. She...................................
d) He likes to joke with you. He loves to...................................
e) Her plants and garden look wonderful. She...................................
f) Don’t buy in that shop. It’s too expensive. You’ll...................................
GRAMMAR
1. Rewrite the statements using Reported speech.
a) My sister is going to sell me her house when she moves abroad.
Chris said
b) I will send you an email next week.
Sandy promised me
c) We are coming to your party tomorrow.
They told us
d) When I was younger, my parents wanted me to become a classical pianist.
María said that
e) You must visit your grandmother before you go on holiday.
My mum said that
f) I don’t know how long Jim will be staying here.
Ann said that
g) ‘I didn’t go to the cinema with them,’ Pete said.
h) ‘I might go swimming later,’ said Julie.
i) ‘My house was robbed last week,’ Maria told us.
j) She said, 'I'll switch off the heating because it's too hot in here"
k) Mark said to them, 'I've been living here for five years but I'm still regarded as a stranger.'
d) ‘How much does this pullover cost?’ my friend asked the woman
i) The interviewer said to her, 'How many CDs have you released up till now?
j) She said to Joe, ‘why didn’t you come with us yesterday morning?'
b) My brother said to me, 'Don't worry, I'm sure you'll find the lost keys.'
d) Susan asked Kate where she had been the night before.
g) Carla asked her English teacher how she could improve her writing.
h) Mary told her little brother to be quiet and eat the soup.
5. Write the sentences in reported speech using the words given. Make any necessary changes.
a) the salesperson / tell / the customers / the shoes / be / on sale / all day
6. Read the dialogue. Rewrite the suggestions and questions in reported speech,
Toni What do you want to do for your birthday?
Ann Why don't we go shopping during the day?
Toni Where do you want to go?
Ann How about going to the new shopping centre?
Toni What time do you want to meet?
Ann Let’s meet outside at ten o'clock.
Toni asked Ann
Ann suggested
Toni asked her
Ann suggested
Toni asked her
Ann suggested
b) ‘Why don’t you want to go out with him?’ Sue asked me. (ask)
8. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using the reporting verbs below.
wondered • warned • ordered • complained • informed • instructed • promised
a) “Nobody likes my new dress,” Cathy said.
d) “Take out the ingredients for the cake,” the chef said to the students.
f) “You mustn’t drive through a red light,” the police officer said to the driver.
80
9. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using the correct form of the verbs.
warn • admit • advise • agree • apologize for • refuse
a) ‘Don’t go out at night on your own,' he told us.
b) 'I'm sorry that I was rude to you yesterday,' Amy told them.
d) 'No! I won’t tell you what I’m getting you for your birthday,’ she told him.
10. Imagine you said the following things to your friend Jane. Rewrite the sentences in Reported speech using
the reporting verbs. Use each verb once only.
Apologise • insist • agree • thank • explain • offer • advise • suggest
a) I’m sorry I woke you up last night.
11. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
a) They said that John had stolen the money.
They accused John
b) Ian said that he hadn't punched anybody.
Ian denied
c) 'OK, Andy, you can go now,' said the detective.
The detective gave Andy
d) 'James Frogget, you will go to prison for ten years,' said the judge.
The judge sentenced
e) 'I forged the signature,' said Mary.
Mary admitted
f) Harry stole £60,000 and was arrested.
Harry was arrested
g) 'We saw the accused break into the car,' said the witnesses.
The witnesses stated
h) Graham said that he wouldn't go to the police station.
Graham refused
i) 'It's true,' said Norman, 'I murdered Alan.'
Norman confessed to
j) 'Can you come with me, please,' the detective said to Helen.
The detective asked
12. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.
a) Sam lost his job because he was lazy.
Sam was
b) I couldn't buy the house because it was expensive.
The house was too
c) The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down.
It was 81
d) There was too much noise, so we couldn't hear the speech.
There was so
e) The house was too small to live in comfortably.
The house wasn't
f) We can't eat now because there isn't enough time.
There is too
g) I can't come to your party because I'm too busy.
I'm too
h) The class was cancelled because there weren't enough students.
There were so
b) Mary should be here by now. We’ve been waiting for her for ages.
14. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.
a) Was it enjoyable at the beach, Joe?
Did
b) We really need a new fridge.
What
c) There's a lot of fog today.
It's
d) People who believe in ghosts are a bit crazy!
Anyone
e) Just call me any time you need me.
Whenever
f) I was very interested in what we talked about.
It was interesting
g) John is hurt.
John has
h) Why did you do that?
Whatever
b) Em preguntava com una foto podia provocar unes emocions tan fortes.
c) L’empresari va negar que s’aprofités de clients innocents per fer-los gastar diners.
82
d) El pare es va queixar que no podia suportar aquell soroll ensordidor.
e) Volien saber quant de temps havia estat treballant Pere per a una empresa financera a Londres.
j) Vaig advertir els meus fills que no em molestaren perquè estava de mal humor
k) Els vaig advertir que no creuaren la carretera perquè era molt perillós.
CIGARETTES MAY HAVE TO BE SOLD IN PLAIN PACKETS
Cigarette packets could be stripped of all branding following a consultation, the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, has
revealed. The minister said that he was “open minded” about putting the idea of plain cigarette packaging to the public, but
added: “We don’t work in partnership with the tobacco companies because we are trying to arrive at a point where they have
no business in this country.”
Deborah Arnott, of Action on Smoking and Health, said: “The consultation is just the first step, putting us in pole position
to be the first European nation to put tobacco in plain, standardized packs. “Cigarettes are not like sweets or toys and should
not be sold in colorful packaging which makes them appealing to children. Cigarettes are full of toxins and cause fatal
diseases: plain, standardized packaging makes this explicit.”
But pro-smoking group Forest, the Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco, has launched a Hands
Off Our Packs (Hoops) campaign. Director Simon Clark has described plain packaging as “the persecution of a minority
lifestyle choice”. He said: “Plain packaging is yet another attack on retailers and adult consumers.”
The move comes a week after a law on tobacco promotion in England came into force, requiring all large shops and
supermarkets to cover up cigarettes and hide tobacco products from public view. Lansley, who said that all levels of smoking
are harmful, added that the ban on displaying cigarettes was part of a move to ensure “we no longer see smoking as a part of
life.”
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. Why should cigarettes be sold in plain packets?
b. Why was tobacco hidden from public view in large shops and supermarkets?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 point: 0.5 each)
a. According to the minister, companies will always have the right to sell cigarettes in England.
b. According to Arnott, standardized packaging makes it clear that tobacco is dangerous.
c. According to Lansley, some levels of smoking are not dangerous.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four words below from these six options: (1 point: 0.25 each)
plain ●appealing ●cause● choice ●requiring ● ban
a. prohibition
b. attractive 83
c. generic
d. demanding
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. The minister wants to reach a point in which...
a. tobacco companies hide their product from public view.
b. tobacco companies can’t sell cigarettes in England.
c. tobacco companies use the same colourful packaging.
2. England...
a. is the first European nation in which cigarettes are sold in plain packaging.
b. will not be the first European nation in which cigarettes are sold in plain packaging.
c. might be the first European nation in which cigarettes are sold in plain packaging.
3. The pro-smoking group Forest...
a. thinks that plain packaging is an aggression on smokers’ freedom of choice.
b. thinks that plain packaging should not be hidden from public view.
c. thinks that plain packaging will not attract children.
2. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers.
1 Drivers on the Rabbit Run tend to be quite isolated individuals.
2 There are restrictions on who can enter the Rabbit Run.
2 'l can't take part because I don't have a good enough car,' he told me.
1. Read the text and answer the questions in your own words.
a) Does Christianity accept that people are aggressive by nature?
b) What did Freud recommend people should do to prevent chaos?
c) Is having a partner a solution to the problem of aggression?
d) Are there any other ways to mitigate our natural violent desires?
2. Say if the statements are true or false. Give evidence from the text.
a) The innate violence of human beings is admitted directly by Christianity.
b) Freud said that it was possible to carry out the commandments.
c) A way to fight against violent acts is to restrain our aggressive feelings.
d) When we read a book we can find relief by reading about other people's violent ínstincts.
e) Games and sports are played as if they were wars.
4. Read the definitions and find words in the last paragraph that match them.
It is a strong feeling of dislike for something or someone.
The bitter feeling you have when you want something that someone else has.
Talking with excessive pride about what you are, possess or have done.
5. In your notebook write a short paragraph to answer the final questions in the text: 'When you play games and
sport, do you play to win? How aggressive are you?'
6. Rewrite the phrases from the text keeping the same meaning.
a) '…such commandments were impossible for us to obey.'
The rules were too strict for
That mountain was extremely dangerous for
b) '…if we all give way to such desires, then society will collapse and chaos and violence will reign!
If we all read more books and watch fewer TV programmes,
The world will be a better place to live in if
7. Extend your vocabulary. Write 4 sentences of your own with the words given.
Implicitly→
Commandments→
Hatred→
Jealousy→
In the early 1900s, photographer Edward Sheriff Curtis traveled around the United States
photographing North American Indians from eigthy tribes. Well, now, a century later, comes a video in
response to Curtis’s photos. It’s titled Smiling Indians, and it’s exactly that, four minutes of video of
Native Americans, young and old, smiling and laughing. Journalist Edward Block is chatting with Mr
Red Corn today to find out more about the video and why he decided to make it.
1. What problem does Mr. Red Corn have with ■ only on the surface.
Curtis’s pictures? ■ only in some communities.
■ They never appear in history books. 5. The interviewer thinks it’s difficult for Indians
■ They are only shown in documentaries. to smile because
■ They give people the impression that Indians ■ they can never find a reason to be positive.
never smile. ■ they don’t like to say that they’re enjoying
■ They are the dominant image when you enter themselves.
grade school. ■ many of them live in very tough conditions.
2. According to the conversation, why didn’t ■ they don’t get a chance to enjoy themselves.
most people smile in old photographs? 6. Mr Red Corn couldn’t stop smiling while
■ Because they wanted to look like Indians. making the video because
■ Because people in the 1900s were very serious. ■ there were so many people laughing.
■ Because smiling was not considered a good ■ the indians were making fun of him.
business. ■ he was trying to give a message.
■ Because having your picture taken was a serious ■ the older people were having too much fun.
thing. 7. When Mr Red Corn was editing the video he
3. How did Mr Red Corn get people to smile in ■ thought about poetic ways to end his days.
his video? ■ was afraid that a stray bullet had come in.
■ He told them to look very serious and then break ■ heard gunshots across the street.
into a grin. ■ couldn’t remember anything else.
■ He simply told them he was doing a video about 8. How did the video end?
smiling Indians. ■ With a message about what happened across the 86
■ He told them to look ridiculous and lopsided for street.
the video. ■ With a message that spoke to the heart of the
■ He showed them pictures of smiling babies. video.
4. According to the interview, humor in Indian ■ With Mr Red Corn typing a message on his cell
country is present phone.
■ everywhere all the time. ■ With Mr Red Corn smiling
■ wherever there are old-fashioned Indians.
LISTENING 2
1. Match the words and phrases to the definitions.
prospects a has an influence
plays a part b not have any money left
run out of money c possibilities of future success
beforehand d before you do something
3. Complete each sentence (a-j) with a suitable ending (1-10). Use each ending once.
a) I decided to buy a burglar alarm after someone broke 1 in by a salesman who cheated them out of their money.
b) When Alan was stopped outside the supermarket he ended 2 away by stealing a car parked nearby.
c) As it was Sheila's first offence she was let 3 up at the police station, charged with shoplifting.
d) After climbing over the prison wall, Peter managed to get 4 it, although everyone suspected what had happened.
e) The old couple who live opposite were taken 5 into my house and stole my stereo.
f) At the end of the trial Hilary was found 6 off with only a warning.
g) My neighbours admitted denting my car but got away 7 with paying only £100 damages.
h) The bank at the end of the street was held 8 hostage and demanded £1,000,000 from the authorities.
i) Nobody saw Jack cheating and he got away with 9 guilty and sentenced to six months in prison.
j) The hijackers took fifteen people 10 up by two masked men last week.
4. Cloze
A hospital has just admitted that one of their doctors recently (1)................. a mistake when he thought that two
schoolchildren were medical students. The doctor, who was working in a busy accident unit, (2) ..............the two pupils to
insert several stitches in two of the patients there.
The pupils were on a job-experience scheme at a hospital. They were (3) ................ in white coats and were supposed to
observe people being (4) .................in the accident unit. When asked to attend to a plumber whose head had been (5)
.................. in an accident and a woman with a badly cut leg, they carefully examined both patients and began to insert
stitches. Later, a doctor noticed they were having difficulty and (6) ..............them to finish putting in the stitches. When he
began to (7) ................... the injuries with the two pupils, he realised they were not medical students. '(8) .................. has ever
taught us how to do this,' they told him. Embarrassed officials (9) ................ to the two patients and their families for the
mistake which had been made.
The pupils had arrived (10) ...............................Langton's busiest hospital under a scheme which should have confined them to
(11) ............................... nursing areas in the hospital a long way (12) ...................... the accident unit. Unfortunately, the request
from their headmaster went to the wrong person in the hospital and they were sent to the accident unit.
Only the plumber (13) ............................... had been stitched by the pupils laughed. 'It's the funniest thing that's happened (14)
............................... me for a long time,' he said. 'I (15) ............................... like to meet the pupils again and congratulate them
(16) ............................... doing such a good job.'
7. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.
grow up / give up / turn down / call off / work out / break into / let down / run out of / hand in / come across
a) You’d better______________ smoking. It’s very bad for your health.
b) They______________ the lecture about technology because the speaker was ill.
c) The students______________ their exam when they had finished.
d) You’re so immature! Why don’t you______________ ?
e) ______________the music, please! I can’t concentrate.
f) I can’t______________ the solution.
g) Don’t ________ me _________. Get here on time!
h) My CD player_________ just ______________batteries.
i) I ______________these old books in the attic a week ago.
j) The thieves______________ the office and stole a computer.
8. Replace the words in italics with a verb:
break down, go off, keep up with, pick up, run out, knock down, do without, hang up, look out, put off, stand for.
a) My car isn't as fast as yours. I won't be able to stay near you.
b) This torch doesn't work. The batteries must have been used up.
c) This radio doesn't receive the BBC World Service very well
d) The car is making a funny noise. I think it's going to stop working.
e) I was going to buy a motorbike, but I was discouraged by my parents.
f) People call me on the phone, but then put down the receiver.
g) Be careful! You're going to give yourself an electric shock!
h) It's difficult to manage if you don't have a washing machine.
i) The letters DVD mean digital versatile disc, actually
j) Without a fridge, fresh food will become bad very quickly
k) They used special equipment to demolish that block of flats.
9. Cloze
Phillip Marlowe (sleep) (1)...............................................when the phone (ring) (2)....................... .
'Hello, is that Phillip Marlowe, private detective?' a voice asked.
‘I wish it wasn't,' he replied. 'But to (3) ....................the truth, it is.' There were (4) ..................... times when he didn't want
offers of work, and this was one of them.
'I wonder if you can help me. Are you busy at the moment?'
'I'm (5) ........................................ in bed at the moment,' Marlowe said. 'In two hours I'm going to the barber's to (6)
................................................................, but for the rest of the year I'm not busy.'
'Good. My name's Dirk Phillips and I'm afraid I've got (7) ...............................problems.'
'What are your problems - apart from having a name like Dirk?'
'Well, a friend of mine who sells unusual pets is on holiday, and she asked me to look (8) .....................her collection of snakes.
Unfortunately one of them has escaped. I think I should try to find it (9) ............................... it bites someone. I (call) (10)
...................................the police when I noticed it was missing, but they were so useless they wouldn't be able to find an
elephant, let alone a snake. I've tried the zoo. I even went (11) .................................... university to ask someone in the Zoology
department to help, but no luck. (12) ..................................., I decided to try you.'
'Well, I never went (13) ................ university - I left school when I was five. But you want me to look (14)..................... your
snake. How do you expect me to find it?'
'I don't know. You're the detective. I'll send you a photograph of the snake and I'll write my address 89
10. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below. Make any necessary changes. There are more
words than you need.
I. oncoming • worldwide • boot • poll • vulnerable • distracted• fatal • run over • one-way • back up • tempted
a) The driver couldn’t stop in time and .…………………… the dog.
b) We were .…………………… by the noise and couldn’t concentrate.
c) It’s raining, but I know that there’s an umbrella in the .…………………… .
d) The politician wasn’t pleased with the results of the latest .…………………… .
e) Don’t text while you drive. It can be .…………………… .
f) This company’s products are sold .…………………… .
g) Babies and elderly people are .…………………… to catching the flu in the winter.
h) You can’t drive up this street because it’s a .…………………… street.
II. controversial • owe • income • get by • expenses • budget • unfair • misleading • cut back on
1. A: I’m very upset. Jack ……………………… me €1,000 and he won’t pay me back.
B: That’s ………………………. Don’t lend him any more money.
2. A: I never seem to have enough money. How do you manage to live on your ……………………… ?
B: I have got a ……………………… and I only buy what I need. I have learned to ……………… without extras.
A: I guess I should learn from you how to ……………………… my ……………………….
3. A: This article about the world economic crisis is very ……………………. Many people don’t agree with it.
B: The reason is that the information is ……………………… . There are many incorrect facts.
III. range / amazement / fools / doubt / appeal to /went wrong / broadcast / a means of / taste / screen
I often fly to Japan on business. It’s a long flight, and I rely on the films as 1. .........................passing the time. The airlines 2.
..........................quite a good 3. .........................of films, so there is something for every 4. .......................... I usually find a
couple of films that 5. ..........................me. However, last time I flew, things 6. .......................... . I’d already seen all the films
except the Mr. Bean film. I dislike comedies. I have no 7. ..........................that many people enjoy them, but I don’t like
watching people make 8. ..........................of themselves. Since I had nothing better to do, I watched the Mr. Bean film. To my
9. .......................... , it was hilarious and I laughed a lot. I think I’ll watch Mr. Bean next time the show is 10. ..........................on
TV!
11. Choose one of the options
I.
a) I’m sure Robert Low never.... the crime the police accused of.
A performed B did C made D committed
b) I wonder what made Anna's brother choose ...
A a criminal life B a life of a criminal C a life of a criminal D a life of crime
c) He hasn't been ... yet but I'm sure he'll be sent to prison.
A tried B witnessed C trialled D judged
d) 'What offence have I…?' the stranger asked,
A shown B done C committed D had
e) Who was charged with… the woman who lived next door to Alex?
A executing B murdering C slaughtering D assassinating
f) He was an incurable thief and even… his best friend.
A stole from B stole C carried off D robbed from
g) The two men took out a gun and ....all my money,
A robbed me B stole C deprived me D lifted
h) The guilty man was sent to..... for ten years
A prison B a prison C the prison D some prison
II.
a) Teachers and parents.....the students’ progress carefully.
a. face b. attend c. monitor
b) Watching historical films gives us some....into the past.
a. insight b. challenge c. reward
c) Studying hard for exams is..... .
a. concerned b. confident c. c. worthwhile 90
d) Dishonest people often try to.....the facts.
a. distort b. trust c. portray
e) He told us his suggestion and we.....the idea.
a. trusted b. succeeded c. approved
f) Jane is going to.....because I used her bike without asking her.
a. turn up b. make a name c. get mad
g) This travel guide will provide you.....all the information you need.
a. by b. for c. with
h) The man was accused.....stealing a car.
a. of b. in c. with
12. Rewrite without changing the words given and keeping the exact meaning
a) Our team won and the visitors lost. beaten
The visitors ........................................ our team.
b) I started studying law in 1997 and I'm still studying law. since
I ........................................................1997,
c) She has been very happy since she married Tom. marriage
She has been very happy since ...........................................Tom.
d) I’ll inform you immediately on our arrival there. moment
I’ll inform you ......................................... there.
e) Can you inform us why you weren't at school yesterday? absent
Can you inform us why you ..................................... school yesterday?
f) I don't have enough money to buy a new camera. afford
I .......................................... a new camera.
g) She has doubts about her own ability. Confidence
She lacks confidence .............................................. her own ability
h) He wrote to Susie every day and phoned her twice a week. Well
He wrote Susie every day as ...........................her twice a week
i) As we were to blame, we will not charge you. fault
As ................................................. we will not charge you
j) Someone had put a photograph of London in the envelope. Enclosed
A photograph of London ............................................. in the envelope
91
GRAMMAR
1. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (First conditional.)
a) If you ___________ (eat) so much junk food, you‘ll ______________ (get) fat and unhealthy.
b) If she ____________ (read) the John Grisham books, she ____________ (like) them a lot.
c) If you ____________ (want) to buy her latest novel, you ____________ (have) to get to a bookshop soon.
d) If she __________ (not/find) her glasses, she ___________ (not/be) able to drive.
e) We ____________ (go) to the cinema tonight if there ____________ (not/be) anything better to do.
f) He ____________ (not/play) for the team if he ____________ (not/be) fit.
2. Give advice for these situations. Use If I were you. (Second conditional)
a) You can’t wake up in the morning.
c) You want to go out with your friends but you haven’t got enough money.
e) Your boy/girlfriend is angry with you and you don’t know what to say to him/her.
f) Your parents are worried about you because you don’t talk to them very much.
3. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (Third conditional)
a) We _______________ (might get) into the concert if we ________________ (arrive) earlier.
b) If she ________________ (not forget) the map, she____________ (not/get) lost.
c) If they ___________ (invite) me to their wedding, I’d have given them a present.
d) Where _____ (you/spend) your summer holidays if you had had enough time?
e) If we ____________ (run), we wouldn’t have missed the bus.
f) If she had told the truth, we ____________ (believe) her.
4. Choose the correct form of the verb in each sentence. (First, second and third conditional) 92
a) If I hadn’t met/didn’t meet Jim, I wouldn’t have moved/won’t move to London.
b) Unless they phone/phoned me, I wouldn’t go/won’t go out tonight.
c) Would you told/have told me if I hadn’t asked/didn’t ask?
d) If you stop/had stopped talking, we will be able/would be able to hear.
e) What would you do/would you have done if you haven’t passed/hadn’t passed the test?
5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets to make conditional sentences.
a) I can’t save any money because my salary is too low. (if)
c) Perhaps I'll have internet access tomorrow. In that case, I'll send you an email. (providing)
e) I didn’t have enough money. But I wouldn’t have bought the hoodie anyway. (even if)
f) I’ll lend you my car. But you must promise to look after it. (as long as)
g) He won’t get the job because his English isn’t good enough. (if)
h) I haven’t got time to go shopping now. But I probably wouldn’t go anyway. (even if)
6. Use the correct forms of the words in brackets to complete the conditional sentences.
a) We went to Benidorm again last summer. If we __________________ (have) a bit more money, we ___________
(go) to the Caribbean.
b) We ________________ (always / go) on holiday in the summer if we________________ (have) enough money.
c) We’re going to our summer house again in July. We__________________ (go) to Australia if we ______________
(have) a bit more money.
d) I don’t know where we’re going on holiday next summer. If we __________________ (have) enough money, we
__________________ (go) to the USA.
e) He won’t want to go out. He _________________ (never / go) anywhere if it _________________ (be) raining.
f) We __________________ (go) out last night if it __________________ (not be) raining.
g) I __________________ (not go) out this evening unless it__________________ (stop) raining.
h) If it __________________ (not be) raining quite so hard, we__________________ (can) go out somewhere. I’m not
going anywhere in this weather.
i) If I ________________ (play) the guitar as well as you do, I________________ (definitely / go) to the audition.
j) If you __________________ (sing) this well tomorrow, you __________________ (pass) the audition.
k) The audience __________________ (always /dance) if I __________________ (sing) this song.
l) If he __________________ (not sing) so well yesterday, he __________________ (not pass) the audition.
7. Use the words in brackets to rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same.
a) We bought the house because my parents lent me the money. (if)
b) He’ll come to the party if he doesn’t have an exam the next day. (unless)
d) The business will go well unless they take too many risks. (as long as)
1
2
3
4
5
6
12. Complete the sentences. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
a) I’m sorry I never apologised to Sally.
I wish______________________________________________________________________
b) I’ll call you when I get the results.
As soon as______________________________________________________________________
c) We will travel abroad if we save enough money.
Unless ______________________________________________________________________
d) I couldn’t call you because I didn’t have your number.
If ______________________________________________________________________
e) It’s too bad you can’t join us.
If only ______________________________________________________________________
13. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
John Hi there Pete. How's your new shop going?
Pete OK. But I wish we (1)____________(open) the shop in the town centre rather than here. lf we(2)
____________(be) on the high street, we (3) ____________(have) a lot more customers.
John Would you be interested in renting a place in the town centre?
Pete I might be, providing it (4) ____________ (not be) too expensive.
John I know a place, it costs $3,000 per month.
Pete I can’t afford that. If only I (5) ____________ (have) that sort of money! Anyway how are you doing?
John Well, I’m unemployed at the moment.
Pete I wish you (6) ____________ (tell) me before! If I (7) ____________ (know) that last week, I (8) ____________ (can
/offer) you a job here. 94
John I (9) ____________ (probably / move) to London unless I (10) ____________ (find) a job soon
14. Complete the passages with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
A. Emma went to study at a university in another part of the country. She wishes she 1.…………………… (choose)
to study at the local university because she’s homesick. I think she 2.…………………… (feel) differently when she
3.…………………… (make) some friends. If I 4.…………………… (be) her, I 5.…………………… (participate) in the
15. Look at the answers below and write the correct answer in each space.
a) A: There's always something going wrong with this car. B: If you had any sense, you'd ......................it long ago.
a) be selling b) have sold c) sell d) sold
b) A: It's a pity the lake wasn't frozen yesterday. B: Yes, it is. If it ......................... frozen, we could have gone
skating.
a) had been b) was c) would be d) would have been
c) A: Haven't you got enough money for a holiday? B: Yes. I've got some saved up................………… I suddenly need it.
a) if b) in case c) that d) unless
d) A: What are you going to do next year? B: I wish I …………………. the answer to that question.
a)knew b) know c) could know d) would know
e) A: These figures are too complicated to work out in your head. B: Yes, if ……………………… we had a calculator.
a) better b) only c) really d) that
f) A: What are you doing later this afternoon? B: Oh,………………….......the game finishes, I'll go home, I expect.
a) if b) in case c) unless d) when
g) A: Do you think I should take the job? B: You shouldn't do anything…………… you think it's the right thing to do.
a) if b) in case c) unless d) when
16. Complete the news report about a protest against a new road. Put in the correct form of the verbs.
Yesterday protesters managed to hold up work on the Oldbury bypass. Protest leader Alison Compton defended the action
by members of the Green World group. 'If we don't protest, soon there…………………. (there/be) no countryside left,'
she told reporters. The bypass is now well behind schedule, and if the protesters had not held up the work so often,
(1)………………………. (it /open) two months ago. 'If these fields (2)……………………….... (disappear), we'll never
see them again,' said Ms. Compton. 'Why can't we use public transport? If more people (3)……………………… (travel) on
buses and trains, we wouldn't need new roads. If the motor car had never existed, the world (4)……………………… (be) a
more pleasant place today.'
But many people in Oldbury want their new bypass. 'If (5)………………………. (they/not build) it soon, the traffic jams in
the town will get worse,' said Asif Mohammed, whose house is beside the busy A34. 'We just can't leave things as they are. If
things remained the same, people's health (6)……………………….. (suffer) even more from all the pollution here. It's
terrible. If we don't get the traffic out of the town, (7)………………………. (I/go) mad. If (8)……………………….
(I/know) earlier how bad this problem would get, (9)………………………. (I/move) out years ago. But now it has become
impossible to sell this house because of the traffic. The government waited too long. If (10)………………………..
(they/do) something sooner, there would be less traffic today' And the protest is making the new road even more expensive.
'If this goes on, (11) …………………….. ... (there/not /be) enough money left to finish the road,' says the Transport
Minister.
17. Complete the sentences below with as if/as though and an appropriate ending.
… I am living in Alaska. … something terrible had happened
… the end of the world had come … a bomb had gone off.
… I had never done him any favours in my life! … we had known each other forever.
… I’m going to faint. … we have got mice in the house.
… he’s seen a ghost. … you have caught the flu.
18. Rewrite each sentence as one, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning.
a) Despite the cold weather, we all went for a walk.
Although
b) John has done well in French, but not so well in Maths.
While
c) I tried to persuade her. I didn't succeed, however.
Although
d) It was raining, but I went swimming anyway.
In spite of
e) Ann felt ill, but insisted on going to work.
Despite
f) In spite of his early lead, Hudson lost the race.
Although
g) I'm not going to pay, although I know that I should.
While
h) We expected Larry to accept the job, but he didn't.
Even though Larry
b) She arrives tomorrow. She’s going to call me from the airport. (as soon as)
c) Are you going out again tonight? You should finish your homework. (before)
d) I woke up at 10 o’clock. It wasn’t worth hurrying for the bus. (by the time)
e) The dentist was with a very difficult patient before me. I had to wait. (until)
f) I’m going to finish this exercise in ten minutes. I’ll meet you in the cafeteria. (when)
20. Complete this letter to a local newspaper. Choose the correct word or phrase.
There's been a lot of talk about a 'spaceship' seen over the town at about eleven o'clock on Friday night. As a result/
Nevertheless, hundreds of enthusiastic sky-watchers have arrived in town, hoping that it will return. But was it really a
spaceship? About twenty people say they saw it. (1) Consequently/Furthermore, there is a photograph which is supposed to
show the object in the sky. We know, (2) however/as a result, that trick photos are easy to produce. (3) By the way/In other
words, it is almost certainly a fake. But it would be wrong to treat the whole thing as a joke. (4) All the same/On the contrary, all
such reports should be carefully investigated. (5) After all/Anyway, the arrival of a spacecraft from another world would indeed
be a serious matter. But usually there is a more simple explanation. Many supposed spaceships turn out to be weather
balloons, (6) for example/or rather. A similar mistake probably lies behind the belief that someone from another world really
did pay us a visit last Friday.
f) No haurien trobat una oferta tan bona si no haguessin anat de botigues per comparar preus durant hores.
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a. Why did Taunton school decide to teach pupils about the dangers of social media?
b. Why does Manley think that it is important to teach children to use social media safely and legally?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 point: 0.5 each)
a. The subject on the use of the internet and social media is out of the national curriculum.
b. The subject on the use of the internet and social media includes basic internet security.
c. Defamation only affects celebrities.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four definitions below from these six options: (1 point: 0.25 each)
sue● inaccurately ●scheme ●actually● issue ●opportunity
a. chance
b. plan 97
c. matter
d. in fact
IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
1. Taunton school decided...
a. to teach people to avoid defaming but not being chased for compensation.
b. to teach pupils to avoid both defaming and being chased for compensation.
c. to teach nine-year-old pupils to avoid defamation.
2. Children are taught…
a. not to tweet about celebrities.
b. not to tweet the wrong thing.
c. to post jokes and silly things.
3. Manley recommends pupils:
a. say something you wouldn’t say to a person’s face.
b. do not say anything in front of your parents.
c. do not say something that you wouldn’t say in front of your parents.
1. Read the text and answer the questions in your own words.
What is the writer’s profession?
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2. Choose the correct option.
The woman...
a) didn't give the writer her reasons for disagreeing with him.
b) disagreed with the writer about the procedure.
c) wasn't in favour of having an exam.
d) wasn't against including a composition in the exam.
The writer stopped the discussion because...
a) his colleague couldn't state a list of reasons.
b) he/she was feeling embarrassed.
c) they had found a solution.
d) he/she could give a summary.
The writer says that many people...
a) are used to listening attentively.
b) only hear what they say themselves.
c) should speak and listen at the same time.
d) are too busy to talk.
According to the writer, good listeners should encourage people ...
a) to interrupt politely.
b) to express themselves clearly.
c) to nod and smile when speaking.
d) to summarise what they say.
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Guía sobre la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad
Duración de la prueba: 90 minutos.
Análisis de un texto en inglés de lenguaje común, no especializado. Se ofrecen dos textos y el alumno elegirá uno. Tendrá dos
partes diferenciadas. Las preguntas de la primera parte irán dirigidas a comprobar la comprensión del texto y la segunda parte
irá dirigida a comprobar la capacidad expresiva del alumnado.
6. Temas
Los temas que aparecen en este listado han sido seleccionados del temario siguiendo el criterio del epígrafe «especificidad del
tema». Los textos elegidos para la prueba podrán tratar de los siguientes temas:
Medio ambiente o ecología. Vidas, anécdotas, etc., de personajes conocidos.
Salud o alimentación. Viajes y comunicaciones.
Consumo. Deportes.
Medios de comunicación. Hábitat.
Aspectos de la vida juvenil. Trabajo/organización social.
Ocio, entretenimiento (modas, música, etc.). Papel del hombre y de la mujer en la sociedad.
Estudios, problemas, perspectivas de trabajo. Conflicto y cambio.
Participación social.
Conmemoraciones o acontecimientos de repercusión
mundial (Juegos Olímpicos, etc.).
2. Correcció gramatical:
- Ordre correcte dels elements fràstics (SVO…).
- Concordances correctes (S-V, pronoms referents…).
- Formes pronominals correctes.
- Quantificadors correctes.
- Estructuració negativa correcta.
- Temps i seqüències verbals adequats i correctes.
- Partícules temporals adequades (FOR, SINCE, AGO, ALREADY).
- Ús adequat d'articles (genèrics, específics…).
- Ús correcte del possessiu.
- Coneixement dels plurals irregulars.
- Ús correcte de modals i defectius.
- Invariabilitat dels adjectius (gènere i nombre).
- Ús correcte de les preposicions.
Second reading
Read all the instructions and questions carefully before you read the text again.
Underline key words. These are usually verbs and nouns. Watch out for any negative forms (don't, never, etc.) and
qualifying expressions (nearly, everyone, more than half, etc.). These can be very important.
Read again for the specific information you need to answer the questions. You can read the text as many times as
you like (or have time for!).
Sometimes the information you need to answer a question might be in more than one sentence in the text, so read
carefully.
Don't just look for key words. The writer may not use exactly the same language as the questions. Scan for specific
information: underline key words in the questions, find the words, synonyms or similar words in the text and read
carefully the parts of the texts close to the key words.
Remember that you must always find evidence in the text. Don't just guess! You might find it useful to underline
evidence that supports your answers as you read.
If you have time, read your answers carefully afterwards. Do they make sense? Are they clear and easy to read?
I. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points: 1 point each)
a) READ the QUESTIONS to know what information you must look for. Use the Question words and key words to
help you.
b) READ the text CAREFULLY to find out the information you are looking for. You will usually find the answers
in the text in the same order as the questions.
c) Answer the questions with your own words: paraphrase from the text using other structures, synonyms, antonyms...
Do it in simple English, without adding irrelevant information or your own opinion.
d) REMEMBER:
- If you copy, you get 50% of the value. Do not make up words. You can always use other words and expressions that
appear in the text. You get penalized if it is very similar.
- Never to begin a sentence with "because". Give FULL SENTENCES
- To be sure you have given all the information you have been asked for.
- To revise the grammar after finishing. For example, in most cases, the tense is the same in the question and the
answer. Revise spelling and punctuation.
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact words on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
a. You will usually find the answers in the text in the same order as the sentences in the task.
b. Read the text carefully to find out the information which supports or contradicts the ideas in the sentences. You
may need to look for synonyms and paraphrases. If it is not in the text, it means that it is false.
c. Note/highlight the lines of the text where you have found the information.
d. Read again the sentences to get the meaning right, noticing adverbs, prepositions... Does a sentence exactly match
the meaning in the text? Consider every part of the sentence.
e. Examples:
It /This is TRUE / FALSE according to lines 8 -9: “It seems they call it the underground (or even funnier, the tube!)”
It/ This is TRUE / FALSE according to lines 8 -9: “… (or even funnier, the tube!)”
f. Write complete sentences if they are not too long. In any case, write whole clauses.
III. Find a synonym for each of the four words below from these six options: (1 point: 0.25 each) ACROSS: words
from the text DOWN: new words
Decide the part of speech of the word: noun, adjective, verb, adverb...
Pay attention to the word formation: prefixes, suffixes, derivation, composition; and false friends
Look at the context of the word: what is the general message? Is there a synonym in the text? Is there an antonym in
the text? When you have chosen, try to replace the word in the text with your choice. Does it fit well?
Never leave a word without answer, if you have no idea, you can always use elimination.
IV. Choose a, b or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)
Read the questions and the possible answers carefully. Sometimes all of the options may seem correct: watch out for
details such as false friends, quantifiers, adjectives, verb tenses…
Find the relevant section in the text. Look for the key words to help you. Locate them in the questions and in the
texts (also synonyms or paraphrases).
Eliminate the answers which are obviously wrong.
Find de most suitable answers from the answers which remain.
Part B. Composition (130 –150 words approximately). Choose one of the following topics. (4 points)
1. Read both options, think about what kind of text they are asking for (description, opinion…). Decide which one will 105
be easier for you: familiarity with the form, more arguments…
2. Decide which topic you will answer. It’s better to think it carefully first and don’t doubt later.
3. Brainstorm for ideas: write anything you can think of (notes)
4. Organize your ideas: cross out any irrelevant idea, group similar ideas, give each group of ideas a name, put them in
logical order... Try to write a topic sentence for each paragraph.
5. Make a plan: opening, body, closing.
6. Begin Writing: Do not try to translate from Spanish.
o Make your purpose as clear as possible.
o Present your ideas in a logical order: LINKING WORDS
o Support your ideas with facts and examples
o Make your paragraphs clear.
o Write the correct number of words (a line is about 10 words)
7. Revision
o Your point is clear.
o Well-organized and coherent (connectors, pronouns…)
o Avoid repetition of ideas, vocabulary (reference, synonyms, antonyms…) and structures (passive, active,
conditional sentence, subordinate sentences…).
o Right number of words.
o Check for errors: grammar, spelling and punctuation. remember the “unforgivable mistakes”
o Present your work neatly: clean and easy to read
TIPS FOR WRITING
STEP 1: BRAINSTORM FOR IDEAS
Write your first draft by hand with a pencil. Leave wide margins for notes.
Leave space between lines for additions and corrections.
Write quickly. Don’t worry about neatness or accuracy.
If you can't think of a word in English, write it in your own language. Later, if you don’t remember it, find a
synonym.
If you can't spell a word, write it down several ways to find the correct one.
STEP 5: CHECK YOUR WORK
The parts of a paragraph should flow logically. The paragraph must be easy to understand. You can accomplish this by:
1. Using pronouns to refer back to the nouns in the text and avoid repetitions.
2. Using connectors to show the connections between ideas (see the chart).
WRITING AN ESSAY
An essay consists of several paragraphs about a topic. There are many different kinds of essay, but they all have the
same basic plan:
1. THE OPENING
The opening is a general presentation of the topic. Try to start your essay with an opening that will catch your reader's
interest. Here are some ideas:
a. Begin with a surprising fact.
ln the Chicago suburb of Richton Park, parents can now be sentenced to as much as $500 in fines 107
anci160 hours of community service if their children skip school or commit acts of vandalism.
b. Begin with a short anecdote about real or imaginary events.
Eva Wilkenson served 100 days in West Virginia's Cabell County jail. But she didn't commit any crime. Her
daughter did.
c. Begin with a question.
Should parents be punished for their children’s crimes?
lf you can't think how to begin, don't worry. Go on to the body of the essay. You can always write the opening later.
The important thing is to keep going.
2. THE BODY
The body has got one or more paragraphs which develop the topic. When you were preparing to write, you
brainstormed for ideas. Then you chose ideas to use and put these ideas into groups in a logical order. Use these
groups of ideas to write the body of the essay. Each group of ideas will become a separate paragraph.
3. THE CLOSING
The closing is a paragraph which summarizes the main idea or presents a conclusion. It should not bring in new ideas.
In some cases, the closing may be similar to the opening, but presented in different words. It should always leave the
reader with a strong impression.
In conclusion, by punishing parents for the crimes their children commit, we are simply teaching children that they
will not be held responsible for their own actions. In my opinion, it is high time that judges started giving more
severe punishments to the teens themselves. This would be more logical than locking up their parents!
TEXT TYPOLOGY
1. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ESSAY
Introduction
Paraphrase! Restate the topic in your own words.
Acknowledge that there are both advantages and disadvantages involved.
Conclusion
Restate your opinion and refer to the main advantages and disadvantages presented in the essay.
DUBBING TV PROGRAMMES
Some people believe that British and American TV series should be broadcast in English in other countries
because it would help local people to learn the language. However, there are both advantages and disadvantages to
this idea.
On the one hand, it is clear that watching TV in English would improve people’s listening skill. They would
be used to hearing common words and expressions, so they would recognize them more easily in real life.
On the other hand, not all TV viewers are students of English. Moreover deaf people can’t read subtitles.
Shouldn’t people have the freedom to decide which language they want to hear?
Personally, I believe that dubbing TV programmes takes away a valuable resource that students of English 108
could use. In any case, people ought to be able to choose the language they watch a programme in. (140 words)
Introduction
• Paraphrase! Restate the topic in your own words.
• Acknowledge the complexity of the issue and state that you will look at both For and Against
arguments.
• Do not include your personal viewpoint.
Conclusion
• A. Offer a balanced summary of the two opposing view if you can’t make up your mind.
• B. State that after weighing both arguments you have finally developed your own opinion.
• Close your essay with a dramatic, thought-provoking statement of your personal thoughts on the issue.
USEFUL LANGUAGE: FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
Introducing the topic
There are (strong) arguments for and against this idea.
There are both advantages and disadvantages to this idea.
Adding ideas
Furthermore, /Moreover, /Besides, /What is more, /In addition (to this),…
Giving evidence
According to…
It is clear that…
It has been proved that…
We do not have any evidence that…
Research has shown that…
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Making suggestions or recommendations
...should (not)/ought (not) to...
Shouldn't we / people {be able to etc) ...?
Would (noun / + -ing) be a better solution/ alternative?
Introduction: Paragraph 1
An introductory paragraph in which you state the topic, both sides of the argument and your opinion.
Paragraph 4
Paragraph presenting the opposing viewpoint and reason why you think it is an unconvincing viewpoint.
Opposing viewpoint with examples & reason why you disagree.
Points to consider
• Decide whether you agree or disagree with the subject of the topic, then make a list of your viewpoints and
reasons.
• Write well-developed paragraphs, joining the sentences with appropriate linking words and phrases. Do not
forget to start each paragraph with a topic sentence which summarizes what the paragraph is about.
• Linking words and phrases should also be used to join one paragraph with the other.
Expressing opinions
I think/ feel/ believe that…
Personally, I think… I personally think…
I (strongly) (dis)agree (with the statement) that…
In my opinion/ view
From my viewpoint (point of view)…
It is clear to me that…
It seems to me that…
Adding ideas
Furthermore, /Moreover, /Besides, /What is more, /In addition (to this)…
Giving examples
For example/ instance…
One possible consequence might be that…
One reason for this is that…
…such as… (e.g.…, such as…)
Concluding
All in all/ to sum up,…
In conclusion, /to conclude with…
In general/ On the whole, I think… However,
ADULTS’ CLOTHING
Some adults think they should dress like teenagers because it makes the look cool. However, clothes are
designed with a market in mind, and so teenage fashions are not really suitable for parents.
In my opinion, parents can make a good impression without trying to hide their age. For instance, clothes
that fit look much better than a garment that is too tight. What is more, everybody knows how old your parents are,
more or less, so why bother pretending?
Furthermore, I personally find that there are plenty of shops that sell trendy clothes for adults. Most of the
shops in shopping centres seem to be for adults, and so in my opinion, parents have a big advantage.
To sum up. I believe that parents should try to keep up with fashion, especially when they go out at night. On
the other hand, I feel that they should never try to look like teenagers. (154 words)