PCP0015-tips

Chapter1 : ms.lilian didt tell us any tips on chapter1..So read all ^^

Chapter 2:

• LCD monitor/screen produce colour using either:

Active-matrix display known as TFT(Thin Film Transistor) display
*Uses separate transistor to apply charge to each liquid crystal cell
*Display High-quality colour
*viewable from all angles

• Passive-matrix display:
*uses fewer transistors, require less power & less expensive than an
active-matrix display
*not bright
*user view image display best directly in front.

• Decision to consider when buying a monitor:

-display technology
-viewable area of the display
-The display’s maximum resolution.
-Power Consumption
-Viewing angles
-Colour Depth

Chapter 3:

• Motherboard/system board

>1/more processors
>memory(RAM)
>chips set
>adapter cards
>ports

• Microprocessor/CPU/Processor
#to process instructions(function)

#needs cooling fans/heat sink

#work size is the number of bits processor can interpret & execute at a
given time.

#manufacturers include intel,AMD,etc

• Central processing unit (CPU)
>processes every instruction in a computer

Central processing
unit(CPU)

Input devices
>arithemetic/logic unit(ALU) –CPU component thatOutput
Memory(RA performs all the
execution part(calculation) M) devices
>Control unit(CU) (Traffic police)-direct &coordinate operations in
computer. Storoge

• Machine cycle:

(RAM)Step1-fetch>obtain instruction from RAM

(control unit)step2-Decode>translate instruction into commands
(ALU)step3-Execute>carry out command
(RAM)step4-Store>write result to memory

System Clock (heart beat) –Location –on the motherboard

-coordinates the timing of the machines cycle.

Measuring in Ghz.

• Types of memory

*volatile memory -loses its contents when computer’s power is turned

off(TEMPORARLY)

Example-RAM ,CMOS

*NON-volatile memory-Does not lose its content when computer’s power is

turned off(PERMANT)

Example-Flash Memory Read Only

• USB port (Universal serial Bus)

-high speed serial bus
-scanners,printers,mouse,keyboards,rtc can be connected to a usb port
-can daisy chain up 2 127 devices
-plug & play-no driver needed
-Hot swap-don’t have to restart the PC
 • IrDA port:
-Developed by infrared Data Association 4 transmitting Data
-transfer date wirelessly in a straight line(line of sight)
-uses infrared light waves.

• Criteria to rate storage mediums

>storage capacity-number of bytes medium can store
>Speed
>Cost

Chapter 4:

• Hard Disk(magnetic disk storage)

>High-capacity storage medium
>consists of several inflexible, circular platters that store items
electronically(Disk pack)
>has read/write heads/arms/actuator

• How data is organized on the disk?

-Organizational is vertical
-all the access arms move at the same time while platter is rotating to
locate a file on the disk(faster search)

Chapter5:

Operating System

Coodinating
all the
others User
activities interface
• Location of the operating system
-Resides on ROM in handheld

• Cross-platform application(platform=OS-operating system=system

software)
-one that runs identically on multiple operating system

• Function of OS
-booting-process of starting /restarting a computer (Cold boot>process of
starting the computer / Warm boot>process of restarting the computer)
-housekeeping task(utility programs-Defragmenting>rearrange the files-
example*disc defragmenter *disk clean up)
-user interface(shell)-control how you enter data & instructions & how
information display on screen[GUI-graphical user interface/CLI-command
line interface/MDI-menu driven interface.]
-memory management
-managing computer resources-to optimize use of RAM
^Responsible to :

*allocate memory for particular program while being processed

*Monitor carefully the contents of items in memory
*to clear the program from memory when they r no longer required by the
CPU
*Buffer-waiting area in memory(waiting to be transferred to and from
storage/output devices

#Device driver- a software

-to help device communicate with computers

#Plug and Play

-ability to use a device without restarting /installing any software
-managing data &task

• Unix
 -The oldest operating system
-Command-line/GUI-multitasking operating system
-developed for multiuser, has built-in networking capabilities, able to
sun multiple task & can run on different computers.

Chapter7:

• Formatting-Line and paragraph Breaks-<br> OR <p>

• Formatting: font type and face-<font>….</font>

• Adding images to the document-<img src=”url”>OR <img

src=”filename”>

Chapter 8:

• Graphics falls into 2 main categories:

-bitmap graphics
-Vector Graphics

• JPEG/JPG
Advantages-Compress photographs well
-Support 16.7m(24bits)colours

Disadvantages-loses some images information [colour](lossy compression)

-Does not support transparency
-Does not support animation

• GIF
Advantages-no lost of color information(lossless compression)
-support transparency
- support animations
Disadvantages-can only have a maximum of 256colours

• PNG-to overcome JPEG & GIF

Advantages – 100% loss less compression(no colour being removed)
-better compression than GIF)
-10-30% smaller than GIF(file size)
-support 16.7m colours

Disadvantages-PNG image will not show up on older browsers

• Smoothing technique
*anti-aliased –technique for smoothing jagged edges & anti-aliasing
 increase the file size
*Aliased –image has jagged/staircase effect

• Audio-Sampling
*The process of digitizing/recording sound to ur PC
*Sampling rate(sound of frequency range)-how many samples taken in
1seconds,measure in Hertz(Hz)
*Quality- bitrates(how many bits taken per second of audio)
more bitrates, better sound quality BUT bigger file size

Chapter 9:

• Database approach
Advantages

-Reduced date redundancy

-integrated data
-reduced development time
-easier reporting
-data security

Chapter 10:

• What is needed for a successful communication?

-Sending & receiving devices.(initiates/accepts data,
instructions/information)
-communication devices-connect the sending/receiving to the
communication channel
-communication channel-transmission media on which data travels.

• TCP/IP
-an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
-it is used in internet communication and it defines how data travels
through the internet in order to make sure the data is sent to its right
destination.
-in the protocol, data send is divided into several small pieces called
packets; providing the address of the receiver to each packet.

• Internet protocol-every machine on the internet has a unique indentifying

number-IP address

Chapter 11-no tips.study all ^^

P/s: check again in case any tips i missed out ^^refer 2 the online note if
anything u don’t understand…hope it’s not confusing ^^

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