1) Value chain for integrated Waste Management

Characterization of This helps to segregate the waste in he following

waste and source category whether it should be recycled, reused ,
identification refurbished or disposed off.

Waste collection also plays a major role in determining

Efficient and scientific
its safe disposal. The different methods can be Curbside
waste collection
Recycling, Drop off recycling, buy back centres.

Reduction of volume and Plastic waste hurts and kills marine animals. plastics
toxicity of the waste with contain chemicals that are known to cause cancer, birth
adequate treatments defects, immune system suppression, reproductive
problems, and developmental problems in children.

Selection of appropriate Improved Recycling rates, Automated Waste collection,

technologies regarding Route Optimization, Landfill Modernization, Enhanced
different characteristics Safety, Quick turnaround times.
of waste

Optimization of the first four The main goal is to reduce the volume and toxicity of
steps to reduce cost and waste being disposed. By using energy and material
environmental impact and balance approach at every stage in life cycle of a product
enhance social acceptability. can provide new insights into solid waste management.

 Source reduction can be a waste management approach by designing and manufacturing

products and packaging with minimum volume and toxic content to help ensure that the
product has a longer useful life. Source reduction signifies to any changes in the technology,
raw material, designing process, packaging, and the use of materials or products in certain
ways to reduce their amount or toxicity before ultimate disposal.
 The types of smart plastic collection methods are:
a. Curbside Recycling: urbside (or kerbside) collection is considered a low-risk
stategy to reduce waste volumes and increase recycling rates. Materials are
 usually collected in large bins, colored bags or small open plastic tubs
specifically designed for content.
b. Drop-Off Recycling: In this method, containers for designated recyclable
materials are placed at central collection locations throughout the community,
such as parking lots, mosques, schools, malls or other civic associations. The
containers are generally marked as to which recyclable material should be
placed in them. Residents are requested to deliver their recyclables to the
drop-off location, where recyclables are separated by material type into their
respective collection containers.
c. Buy-Back Centers: Most buy-back recycling centers are operated by private
companies and pay consumers for recyclable materials that are brought to
them. Buy-back centers usually have purchasing specifications that require
consumers to source separate recyclable materials brought for sale.
 The various approaches that have been proposed for recycling of waste plastics mainly
include:
a. Primary recycling
b. Mechanical recycling
c. Plastic recycling

Primary recycling is the in-plant process of recycling of waste scraps materials. Mechanical
recycling involves the separation of plastic polymer from its associated contaminants and further
reprocessed through melting, shredding, and other related processes. During mechanical
recycling of plastic compounds the most important aspect is the separation of different types of
plastic resins according to their chemical characteristics. Due to variation in melting points, at a
definite temperature, a batch of plastic resins may fully transformed and a different batch may
exhibit partial transformations.

2) How to create awareness among stakeholders on the importance of segregation of waste?

An effective campaign to raise awareness about solid waste management involves

communicating with a wide range of stakeholders. The most effective messages will be specific
to the stakeholder group and the challenges being addressed.

National governments can support city waste management efforts by enforcing national policies
(e.g., bans on open burning) and aiding when city activities contribute to national-level goals.
Other stakeholders can amplify messages about waste management (e.g., businesses that are
aware of the economic benefits of proper waste management activities might encourage elected
officials to fund them).

 Proper storage of garbage in the house or premises.

 Engage in separation at source when appropriate.
 Set out the garbage at the agreed time and place.
 Use official disposal sites when there is no door-to-door collection.
 Encourage more re-use of waste materials within the household. Participate with
neighbours in activities to keep the environment clean.
 Coordinating committees of MSE, active in waste services.
 Associations of marketers.
 Organisations of women and youth.
 Locally based religious organizations.
 Home-owners associations.
3) What tools or innovative mechanisms can be used to sensitize people about plastic waste
management?
• Address cultural practices and beliefs
• Emphasize health benefits
• Use simple messages and multiple media types
• Build on existing neighbourhood networks
• Emphasize the economic and health benefits of proper solid waste management
• Frame waste management activities as a topic of great interest for voters
• Increase visibility and credibility of waste management activities (e.g., by issuing
uniforms to workers)
• Emphasize the national policy impacts on local activities
• Identify instances where city activities support national goals
• Communicate about the national benefits of proper local waste management (e.g.,
to attract investments)
• Tailor communication to the audience
• Emphasize the economic benefits to businesses (e.g., better conditions for attracting
investments)
• Target groups with broad influence (e.g., tourism boards)

4) How can the government departments be linked to ensure hassle free implementation?