Genomes in modern genetics and molecular biology are all genetic information in the form of nucleic

acids that are owned by cells and organisms. The genome includes both the genes (the coding regions)
and the noncoding DNA, as well as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA. The study of the genome is
called genomics. The term genome was introduced by Hans Winkler from the University of Hamburg,
Germany, in the 1920s, possibly as a combination of the words genes and chromosomes or intended to
express a collection of genes. Genomes can be likened to a book, which consists of chapters called
chromosomes. Then, each chapter consists of stories that are diverse but have an inseparable
relationship with each other called gene. In the story, there are paragraphs called exons with ad
interludes called introns. The words that compose the paragraph are called codons. The letters that
make up the word are called nitrogen bases (Riddley 1999). That's the big picture of the genome which
is analogous by Matt Riddley.

Now, let's get to know more about the essential parts that make up the story trail on this earth. A
genome sequence is the complete list of the nucleotides (A, C, G, and T for DNA genomes) that make up
all the chromosomes of an individual or a species. Genomes are written on long chains of sugar and
phosphate, called DNA molecules where the bases attach to the sides to form stairs. Within a species,
the vast majority of nucleotides are identical between individuals, but sequencing multiple individuals is
necessary to understand the genetic diversity.

Then, our whole body is not separated by the role of complex organic compounds in the form of
polymers from amino acid monomers that are connected to one another by peptide bonds called
proteins. Proteins that provide the foundation, shape, system, and diversity of living things from hair to
hormones. Starting from DNA replication during cell division, then it is continued by the formation of
RNA from DNA called transcription. Furthermore, synthesized RNA, of course, contains codons or
genetic information containing three letters of nitrogen base, especially mRNA will be translated into a
series of different and crucial alphabetic systems called amino acids by microscopic machines called
ribosomes. This alphabetical system is formed by twenty amino acids which are transported by other
RNA molecules called tRNAs. The chain of amino acids is finished translated and folds into a form that
varies according to the sequence and proteins form.

Bibliography
Riddley, Matt. 1999. Genome: The Autobiography of a Species In 23 Chapters (Indonesia Translate). GM.

1. The main idea of paragraph 2 is…

Answer : The essential parts of genone

2. Which one is not one step in protein synthesis…

a. Division
b. Replication
c. Transcription
d. Translation
e. Termination

3. Which one is not the genome analogies made by Matt Riddley…

a. Genomes can be likened to a book
b. Consists of chapters called chromosomes
c. In the story, there are paragraphs called exons with ad interludes called introns
d. The words that compose the paragraph are called protein
e. The letters that make up the word are called nitrogen bases