Design and implementation of Curtain Wall System

Johnny Choi

Permasteelisa Hong Kong Limited

38
 Curtain Wall Technologies & Systems
First Generation
PERMASTEELISA GROUP “Stick Wall System” z Curtain Wall members are
fixed piece by piece
Curtain Wall Presentation z Vertical members are usual
For installed 1st, which span from
slab to slab
Hong Kong Institute
z Horizontal transom members
of in turn are fixed to mullions

Steel Construction z Finally glass / granite /

BY aluminium panels would be
Mr. Johnny Choi 21st April 2006 fixed

Advantages (of Stick Wall System)

z Great Flexibility
z Site Modification is possible
Disadvantages Common problems inherent
the 1st Generation C/Wall
z Difficulties in quality control
• Water penetration
z Relies heavily on site workmanship
• Poor acoustic and thermal
z Requires different trades men insulation
z Difficult to accommodate building movements •Deterioration of expansion
joints and sealant joint
z Impossible to control water drainage to individual floor
z Requires external access (scaffolding / gondolas)
z Too many loose parts and component on site
z More storage space and longer storage time on site

2nd Generation Pressure Equalization System

“ Based on a simple physical principle that in

“Unitized Curtain Wall System”
equalized pressure conditions, water is heavier than
air & therefore falls under gravity”.
z Pressure Equalization System
z Unitized Panel Systems
3 Aspects must occur for water to Pressure Equalization System
penetrate a building
z The 1st Factor (Water) is impossible to eliminate
z For many years, many C / Wall companies have tried
1. Water
the 2nd factor (closing all the holes) - including today
2. Holes z This proved difficult to achieve
3. Differential Pressure (or condensation / z The 3rd factor (to address the differential pressure)
capillary action) became feasible by adopting the principle of Pressure
Equalization

z By eliminating one of the above conditions, the leak

will not occur.

Principle of “Pressure Equalization” Unitized Curtain wall System

The Principle is simple & efficient:
z Eliminate Pressure difference at level of Joint
z Ensures Internal Joint is never in contact with water
z Therefore small gaps in sealant / gaskets will not
produce water leaks but only small air losses when
windy.
z Units are assembled & glazed in factory
z Usually all components are included within the units
z Panels are packed on metal or timber pallets
z Transported to site by semi trailers
z Hoisted to required floor level by tower crane
z Site installation teams shall install individual panels to
designated areas (using a monorail or mobile floor
crane)

Unitized Curtain wall System 3rd Generation

Has several advantages:
z Units are assembled & glazed under controlled shop
conditions. z Improvements of Techniques
z Full pressure equalization drainage system at each z Diversification of its use
floor
z Speed of communication which resulted in
z Accommodates building movements globalized products
z Minimizes site operations
z Products which draw from experiences worldwide
z Usually does not require external access
z The third generation is marked by innovations and
z Shortens Construction Duration
solutions.
z Enables other subsequent internal trades to commence
works much earlier.
 Structural Sealant & Application
Basically there are 2 types of structural sealant
3rd Generation applications:
z 4 sided structural glazing, &
Innovations & Solutions:
z 2 sided structural glazing
z Innovative production lines
z Improved pressure equalization panel systems
z Improved Thermal & Accoustic Properties
z Some notable improved materials
- Structure Sealants
- Structural adhesives (Light composite panels)
- Performance Glass
- Aluminium Finishes / Coatings

2 sides structural glazing ~ vertical bead 2 sides structural glazing ~ horizontal bead

4 sides structural glazing 4 sides captive glazing

 One unit

One unit

one unit
Structural Sealants & Application

Sealant width (bite) often determines the width of a

mullion e.g. For technical information relating to structural sealant
• WL = 3.5 kPa x 1.4 = 4.9 kPa products, we recommend contacting these reputable
• C/W modulation 1500mm
Sealant WL x ½ short span (mm) suppliers:
=
Bite 138 (Design Strength of Sealant) z Dow Corning
z General Electric
4.9kPa x ½ (1500mm)
e.g. =
138

Sealant bite = 26.6mm say 27mm

Please also note width of double side tape shall be
added to this figure (which is usually 6mm - 10mm).

Performance Glass Performance Glass

z Recommend contacting major glass suppliers direct for

z There is a wide range of glass available on the market
specific individual needs & performances.
which varying performances considerably based on:
- Reflective Coatings
z Some reputable glass manufactures
- Low Emission coatings (Low E)
- Viracon
- pyrolytic coatings (hard coating)
- Glavabel
- sputtered low emissivity (soft coating)
- Pilkington
z Type of glass treatment
- China Southern Glass
- Anneal glass ~ direct from float line
- Shanghai Yaohua Pilkington
- Heat Strenghtened Glass
- Tempered Glass
Aluminium Finishes / Coating
PERMASTEELISA
z Large range of paint types & finishes available IFC2
Address: 1.L. 8898 Harbour View
z Some reputable paint suppliers Street, Central, Hong
Kong
* Interior Client: Central Waterfront
Property Development
- AKZO Nobel (Powder Coat) Ltd.

Architect Cesar Pelli & Associates

* Exterior (overseas): Inc.

- PPG (PVF2) Architect Rocco Design Limited

(local):

- Valspar (PVF2) Consultant ARUP Façade

Engineering

Main Eman-Sanfield J.V.

Contractor : Construction Co., Ltd

PERMASTEELISA - Design PERMASTEELISA - Design

PERMASTEELISA - Design PERMASTEELISA - Design

PERMASTEELISA - Design PERMASTEELISA - Design Verification

Water Test - Static & Dynamic Structural Test

Water Pattern under Static Pressure Water Pattern under Dynamic Pressure

Pull out Test for Washer Tieback

PERMASTEELISA - Production PERMASTEELISA - Machining

PERMASTEELISA - Assembly PERMASTEELISA - Glazing

PERMASTEELISA - Structural Sealant Application PERMASTEELISA - Packing

PERMASTEELISA - Storage PERMASTEELISA - Loading

PERMASTEELISA - Arrive Job Site PERMASTEELISA - Vertical Transportation

PERMASTEELISA - Unloading from Platform PERMASTEELISA - Dispatching

PERMASTEELISA - Pre-installed Floor Brackets PERMASTEELISA - Panel Installation

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Thanks for Your Attention!

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