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We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is
happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
6. They are playing football in the field now.
PAST TENSE
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it.
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Example:
1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
Example:
1. John won’t run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva won’t play badminton tomorrow
1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he won’t.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she won’t
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
The pattern :
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn’t finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first
time…
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’).
The pattern:
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
Example :
The pattern:
Example :
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
Example :
Example :
Example :
Example :
Example :
Example :
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
Example :
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.
Abbreviation (singkatan)
1. I am = I’m
2. You are = You’re
3. We are = We’re
4. They are = They’re
5. He is = He’s
6. She is = She’s
7. It is = It’s
8. Will not = won’t
9. Would not = Wouldn’t
10. Do not = Don’t
11. Does not = Doesn’t
12. Did not = Didn’t
13. Is not = Isn’t
14. Are not = Aren’t
15. Was not = Wasn’t
16. Were not = Weren’t
17. Have not = Haven’t
18. Has not = Hasn’t
19. Had not = Hadn’t
20. Can not = Can’t
21. Could not = Couldn’t
22. Must not = Mustn’t
23. Should not = Shouldn’t
24. Might not = Mightn’t
25. May not = Mayn’t
Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter…
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3…………………………………by…
Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
B. S + to have + something +
THE 16 TENSES
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4
have had had having