Electrical System

Question 1: Class-1E loads

Nuclear safety related systems and components that are essential to:
Emergency RX shutdown
CTMT isolation
RX core cooling
CTMT RX heat removal
Or otherwise essential in preventing significant release of radioactive material to environment are defined as Class-1E load.
Class-1E electrical systems are designed in accordance with:
HAF-0207-88 & reference to R.G-1.32-77, R.G-1.75-74.
IEEE standard 308-1990.
10-CFR-50

Question 2: DEP-A & DEP-B loads

DEP-A DEP-B
WCP-001/002PO WCP-003/004PO
RCP-A RCP-B
CP-A/B CP-C
CBP-A/B CBP-C
MFWP-A MFWP-B/C
LV Transformer
Question 3: EMA & EMB loads
EMA EMB
SCW-A/C PO SCW-B/D PO
CCP-A CCP-B
HHSI-A1/A2 HHSI-B1/B2
SCS-A SCS-B
WES-001A/002APO WES-001B/002BPO
SAF-A SAF-B
VWE-A (380V) VWE-B
MCR lighting
LV power centre
ECR lighting
Plant computer
CMA (Red)

Question 9: DEP-J

1-D (DEP-A)
2-D (DEP-B)
ELA (EMA)

Loads
BOP
JOP-1~4
T/G Motor
MFWP-A/B/C lube oil pump # 02
Dump oil pump A/B
TX lighting, CI UPS, CIDC # 01 & # 02

Question 10, 11: Main Gen excitation system

The main function of Generator excitation system is to supply DC power supply for exciting the rotor of the main generator.
Functions
Provide and regulate the Gen Stator voltage with limits.
Provide and regulate reactive power.
Ensure stability of the power system.

Question 12: Sync scope

Voltage
Phase Sequence
Frequency
 Question 14:

Line-1 Line-2
DS133 DS213
220kV Bus # 1

DS122 DS131 DS221

DS212

DS111
CB13
CB12 CB21 CB22
CB11

DS132
DS121 DS211 DS222
DS112

DS113
220kV Bus # 2
M T/F 132kV from
Wan Buchran

Question 15: Alarm / Protection related to AVR

AVR powerful excitation

1Cfault
AVER PT
AVR 1.2V/Hz DEP-A DEP-B EMA EMB
G
AVR 1.1V/Hz
AVR OxP-2 3rd order operation
Forcing alarm
OxP-3

Question 16: Loop of AVR (Operating Mode)

Auto regulation + tracking regulation

Auto regulation
Manual regulation
Normal Mode: Auto regulation + tracking regulation
The signal got from PT and CT will be transmitted to the interface of AVR, after comparison with the setting voltage it will be sent to
synthesizing amplifier unit. After completion with other signal, it will be sent into a impulse controlling circuit and through a impulse
trigger circuit to control the exciting current of exciter and further control the excitation current and voltage of Gen.

Question 17: Gen excitation effect

Condition 1: Grid is heavy loaded.

MVAR ~ 180
Excitation ↑ VT ↓ stator current ↑ MVAR ↑ Pf ↓
Increase in excitation is dangerous as it will further drop terminal voltage & increase stator current.
Condition 2: Gird is lightly loaded.
Excitation ↑ VT ↑ stator current ↓ P.f ↑ MVAR ↓

Question 18: CRDM MG-Set

Voltage : 260V
P.f : 0.2
Fly wheel: Function is to accommodate system surges / fluctuations for 1.2 sec.
In normal operation both sets are synchronized and supply system voltage.

Question 19: MK, LMK, FMK

FMK: Main generator field discharge breaker NC contact (02 pole)

LMK: Main exciter discharge breaker (02 pole)
41MK: AVR output CB
41SK: AVR input CB

Question 20: Main Gen auto trips

T-G set differential

Generator differential
Loss of excitation
Stator earth fault
Rotor two point earth
Under frequency
Over excitation
Inter-turn short circuit
Reverse power
–ve phase sequence
Over voltage
Turbine trip

Question 24: 220kV line protections

Micro Mho impedance/distance

L-8B impedance/distance electromagnetic
Over current earth fault
Auto re-closure
Power swing block
Bus-bar protection
Breaker failure protection

Question 25: Distance protection

Daud Khel S.M

G GIS
II III
-20% 100%

80%
D.K
CNPP
100% 50%
Zone Reach Time
I 80% ~20 m sec
II 150% 500~700 m sec
III -20% ~7 m sec

Question 26:

At 48.6Hz Sheikh Muhamamdi C.B will open to handing over load 220~250MW to CNPP.
At 51.3Hz, CB11 & CB12 will open for LDA Mode.

Question 27:

GCB, IPB, Main T/F, Head lines, surge arrestor, line arrestor, GIS (CB, isolator, earth switch, fast earthing switch, CT, PT, Bus-1, Bus-
2) CVTs, Line trap (PLC) line arrestor.

Question 28: Main parts of Main T/F

Cooling fans
Bushings 220kV
Lower oil tank
Upper oil tank
Insulator installation
Iron core
Low voltage leads out
High voltage leads out
T/F oil
High voltage winding
Low voltage winding
Moisture absorber

Question 29: Main T/F oil forced, air forced

Stepdown & auxiliary T/F oil natural air forced.

Question 30:

CB-11, 12, 13, 21, 22

Isolator
Earth switches
Fast earthing switches
CTs
PTs
SF-6 monitoring system
Compressed air system
Local normal operation panel
Bus-1 & Bus-2

Question 31: Advantages / disadvantages of SF-6

Advantages
Stable up to 500ºC
Inert metallic parts / contact longer life
No oxidation & deterioration
Electro -ve gas
Decomposition product SF-2 / SF-4 recombination during arc extinction
Diclectric – strength in 2-3 times that of air
Redration in switchgear size

Disadvantage
Moisture contents produce serious problems

Question 32: Alarm / interlock of SF-6

Alarm Reset
Low gas pressure 0.45MPa 0.5MPa
Low gas pressure 0.40MPa 0.45MPa
(Block closing & opening)

Air alarms
Alarm Reset
Low air pressure 1.25MPa 1.5MPa
Low air pressure 1.20MPa 1.4MPa
(Block closing & opening)

Question 34:

Auto Reclosure Mode

Single phase reclose
3-phase reclose
Comprehensive reclose
Auto reclose block

In case of Zone-1 tripping close 1st CB after 05 sec, close 2nd CB after 30 sec.
In case of one pole opening of CB if fault exists open other two pole to convert 1-phase fault into 3-phase fault.

Question 35: Temp limitation for Main, S/D & Aux T/Fs

Oil Temperature
T/F Alarm (ºC) Manual Trip (ºC)
Main 80 95
Step down 75 85
Auxiliary 75 85

Coil Temperature
T/F Alarm (ºC) Manual Trip (ºC)
Main 115 120
Step down 90 100
Auxiliary 90 100

Question 36: Stub-Bus protection

3-Isolator (02 lines & 01 main T/F) are provided with Stub-bus protection on opening of isolator with respective CB is at close
position, stub protection will open the CB.

Question 37: SCADA

SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

Essential in the operation of today large inter connected system.
Most SCADA equipments operate in scanning mode. Providing continuous monitoring information.

Communication
PLC SCADA
Protection permissive (Zone-I)

Digital parameters
GCB, GIS (CB + Isolator), Rx-Trip CB
132kV GIS (CB + Isolator)

Analog parameters
Line MW/MVAR
Main T/F MW/MVAR/MWth
Pulsing Energy Signal

Question 38:

The Main T/F is provided with Gas explosion protection (Buchholz Relay).
In case of fire inside the T/F, Buchholz relay will actuate with low density gas protection actuation working alarm will be given out,
but the trip will not be actuated when gas density reaches set value. Following actions will be taken by protection system generator
protection.
FTD operate (fast mode)
Open CB-11 & CB-12.
Open GCB.

Question 39: Arc-quenching in 6kV CB

6kV circuit breakers are vacuum circuit breakers. The vacuum has high dielectric strength. Arc-time constant of vacuum is lowest.
Arc is interrupted at zero current.

Question 40: FTD Modes

1. High Speed transfer enabling signals

U standby > 70%
U Bus > 70%
Angle difference < setting i.e. 20º
Frequency difference < setting i.e. 1Hz
If the above conditions are satisfied and the system is initiated, the ON & OFF commands are given immediately and simultaneously
to CB concerned.
Total transfer time is > 20msec
For DEP-A > 17msec
For other buses 17msec ~ 20sec
No voltage drop, no tripping, EDG will not start.

2. Decoupling Mode
If during high speed T/F the CB to be switched-off should not be switched-off for same reason, the closed CB is open again via
scanning when both CB closed for time > 0.1sec.

3. Residual Voltage T/F

If pre-requisites conditions for high-speed are not fulfilled, the breaker in feed is immediately switched-off following initiation.
The standby CB will be switched ON when the residual voltage on bus-bar drops below 40% and the signal o switched-off CB is
received.
Total time for residual T/F is < 1.7sec; EDG will start (only for EMA & EMB)

4. Long Time Transfer

Setting longer than residual voltage transfer time log for long time T/F is 1.7sec. EDG will start.
5. Manual Initiation of high speed T/F
Manual transfer is possible in both directions on all buses in high speed mode.

Question 41: Main T/F breather

Remove moisture through silica gel.

Question 42: Operating modes of batteries

1. Floating charge mode: Ready to operate/standby condition

2. Floating charge mode: On load
3. Boost charging mode: Fast charging to normalize plate electrode in normal.

PROTECTION EQUIPMENT OF MAIN T/F

High pressure rupture disc
Buchholz Relay
Temp measurement
Fire protection

Question 43: UPS parts

Rectifier
Inverter
Static Switch
Battery
Isolating T/F
AC main Supply
AC 220V output
Regulating T/F

UPS Mode
On main
On battery
Bypass main
Maintenance bypass

Question 44: Auxiliary systems of EDG

Fuel oil system

Starting air system
Air intake & exhaust system
Cooling water system
Lubrication oil system
Instrumentation and control equipment
Ventilation system for diesel Gen building.
Question 45: Parts of EDG heated by preheating loop

Cylinder body
Other engine parts
Lube oil
Intake air (during S/D and low load operation)

Question 46: Fuel and lube oil storage

02 fuel storage tank

Ensure 14 days operation at rated power. Startup & shutdown of fuel T/F pump interlocked with EDG.
Daily oil tank 01 hr (60min) at 1.1times the rated power & lube oil engine ensure for more than 07 days operation the lube oil storage
tank supplements.
Lube oil alarms
Lube oil temp Hi alarm - 80ºC
Auto shutdown at 4.5bar of lube oil pressure

Question 47: EDG protections / auto trip

Over speed protection

Differential speed protection
Emergency shutdown
Gen bearing Hi temp
Gen overload
Short Circuit
Reverse power
Over/under frequency
Over/under voltage
Excitation circuit fuse meltdown
Gen diode fault
Engine lube oil pressure low
Engine coolant temp high
Charge air coolant temp high
Emergency shutoff flaps closing

Question 48: Interlock/alarms related to starting air system

Air compressor startup 35 Bar

Stop 40 Bar
Low pressure alarm 32 Bar

Air storage tank pressure monitor

Low pressure interlock with compressor 35 Bar
High pressure interlock with compressor 40 Bar
Question 49: Loop sequence for EDG

12 sec MCR lighting

BAST pump
Fuel oil T/F pump of EDG
VDR
DX lighting
CCP oil pump
WES pump + fan
17 sec CCP
22 sec SRH + fan
27 sec SCW pump + fan
37 sec VWE chiller
42 sec VWE + transfer pump
VCH
47 sec VER
NX ventilation unit
52 sec VDC
VRC
VCC

Question 51: Rectifier cabinets of Main Generator

Fire rectifying cabinets in parallel.

One of the cabinets out of service, the normal operation of Gen will not be affected.
In case of two cabinets are out of service, the Gen will keep its normal operation, however, the forcing excitation x-tics would be lost
(02 times in 10 sec). in this case AVR should be switched to normal mode.
The cooling of the rectifying cabinets is water circulation (DCC) air cooling.

Question 52: Cooling main Gen & exciter

Main Gen coil

Cooling water system with mixed bed
Core with air cooling water circulation

Exciter  coil – DCC – water circulation air cooling

Gen stator core temp Hi 120ºC

Winding temp Hi 90ºC
Outlet water temp Hi 60ºC
Exciter air inlet temp Hi 40ºC
Question 54: Limiting value for frequency and terminal voltage of EDG

Frequency : 50±1 Hz
Terminal Voltage : 6.3kV±315V

Question 55: Auto startup signal for EDG

SI
Loop – 70%, less voltage
0.5 sec – delay EDG startup
3.5 sec – loop sequence
MCR (manual)

Stop: DE stop on fault (protection)

Question 56: V/Hz protection used in AVR

V/Hz = 1.1Alarm
V/Hz = 1.2Trip
The limit of V/Hz protection is to limit over-saturation of flux density in iron cores of Gen and transfer. At V/Hz ≥ 1.05, the limit
action will decrease the exciting and value to V/Hz, if it can not be limited yet, the protection will trip the Gen at 1.2 value.

Question 57: IBP compressor

IBP compressor is used to provide & maintain compressed air to insulated bus phase to avoid moisture contents up to 30% FP.

Question 58: GCB & 220kV CB

220kV CB
Spring to close & air to open
Quenching medium is SF-6

GCB
Is hydraulically operated
Quenching medium is SF-6
EDG cooling water system

Design for 1000 hrs continuous operation at rated load & 02 hours within 24 hours at 110% over load.
The volume of close cycle coolant ensure 2.25min operation at rated load without external cooling water (closed cycle is cooled by
WES).

Loads:
Engine cylinder body
Turbo-charger carrier housing
Temp > 75ºC thermostat starts operating, full open at 90ºC.
> 95ºC engine will shutdown.

Charge air coolant circuit

Fuel in fuel cooler
Charge air in intercooler and after cooler of turbo charger.
Lube oil in lube oil cooler.
At 63ºC of charge air coolant temp, engine will shutdown.

Startup sequence B2-A1-B1

Shutdown sequence B1-A1-B2
 SBO

EMA EMB

610 610B
620B 620
600 EMG

~ EEG001DG ~ EEG801DG ~
6kV Bus EEG401DG
(ESB 670CB)

6.3/400V
(ESB 970TM) (4500kVA)

Resistor Bank To (ESB

Over Come T/F 473CB)
Inrush Current 400V
Bus
ESB 472CB ESB ESB
471CB 470CB

~ ~ ~
ESB804DG ESB803DG ESB802DG