SOLUBILITIES 2-125

The H in solubility tables (2-121 to 2-144) is the proportionality TABLE 2-124 Ammonia (NH3)—Low Pressures
constant for the expression of Henry’s law, p = Hx, where x = mole Weight NH3 per
fraction of the solute in the liquid phase; p = partial pressure of the 100 weights H2O 0.105 0.244 0.32 0.38 0.576 0.751 1.02
solute in the gas phase, expressed in atmospheres; and H = a propor-
tionality constant expressed in units of atmospheres of solute pressure Partial pressure
NH3, mm. Hg,
in the gas phase per unit concentration of the solute in the liquid at 25°C 0.791 1.83 2.41 2.89 4.41 5.80 7.96
phase. (The unit of concentration of the solute in the liquid phase is
moles solute per mole solution.) Weight NH3 per
100 weights H2O 1.31 1.53 1.71 1.98 2.11 2.58 2.75
Partial pressure
NH3, mm. Hg,
at 25°C 10.31 11.91 13.46 15.75 16.94 20.86 22.38
TABLE 2-121 Acetylene (C2H2) “Landolt-Börnstein Physikalische-chemische Tabellen,” Eg. I, p. 303, 1927.
Phase-equilibrium data for the binary system NH3-H2O are given by Clifford
t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 and Hunter, J. Phys. Chem., 37, 101 (1933).
10−3 × H* 0.72 0.84 0.96 1.08 1.21 1.33 1.46
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 260, McGraw-Hill, 1928.
*H. See footnote for Table 2-122.

TABLE 2-125 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Total Weight of CO2 per 100 weights of H2O*

pressure,
TABLE 2-122 Air atm 12°C 18°C 25°C 31.04°C 35°C 40°C 50°C 75°C 100°C
t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 25 3.86 2.80 2.56 2.30 1.92 1.35 1.06
10−4 × H* 4.32 4.88 5.49 6.07 6.64 7.20 7.71 8.23 50 7.03 6.33 5.38 4.77 4.39 4.02 3.41 2.49 2.01
75 7.18 6.69 6.17 5.80 5.51 5.10 4.45 3.37 2.82
t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 7.27 6.72 6.28 5.97 5.76 5.50 5.07 4.07 3.49
150 7.59 7.07 6.25 6.03 5.81 5.47 4.86 4.49
10−4 × H* 8.70 9.11 9.46 10.1 10.5 10.7 10.8 10.7 200 6.48 6.29 6.28 5.76 5.27 5.08
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257. 300 7.86 7.35 6.20 5.83 5.84
*H is calculated from the absorption coefficients of O2 and N2, taking into 400 8.12 7.77 7.54 7.27 7.06 6.89 6.58 6.30 6.40
consideration the correction for constant argon content. 500 7.65 7.51 7.26
700 7.58 7.43 7.61
*In the original, concentration is expressed in cubic centimeters of CO2
(reduced to 0°C and 1 atm) dissolved in 1 g of water.

TABLE 2-123 Ammonia (NH3)

Weight NH3 Partial pressure of NH3, mm. Hg
per 100
weights H2O 0°C 10°C 20°C 25°C 30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C TABLE 2-126 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

100 947 10−4 × H

Partial pressure of
90 785 CO, mm Hg 17.7°C 19.0°C
80 636 987 1450 3300
70 500 780 1170 2760 900 4.77 4.88
60 380 600 945 2130 2000 4.77 4.91
50 275 439 686 1520 3000 4.77 4.93
40 190 301 470 719 1065 4000 4.78 4.95
30 119 190 298 454 692 5000 4.80 4.97
25 89.5 144 227 352 534 825 6000 4.82 4.98
20 64 103.5 166 260 395 596 834 7000 4.86 5.02
15 42.7 70.1 114 179 273 405 583 8000 4.88 5.08
10 25.1 41.8 69.6 110 167 247 361 International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 260.
7.5 17.7 29.9 50.0 79.7 120 179 261
5 11.2 19.1 31.7 51.0 76.5 115 165
4 16.1 24.9 40.1 60.8 91.1 129.2
3 11.3 18.2 23.5 29.6 45 67.1 94.3
2.5 15.0 19.4 24.4 (37.6)* (55.7) 77.0
2 12.0 15.3 19.3 (30.0) (44.5) 61.0
1.6 12.0 15.3 (24.1) (35.5) 48.7 TABLE 2-127 Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)
1.2 9.1 11.5 (18.3) (26.7) 36.3 t °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1.0 7.4 (15.4) (22.2) 30.2
0.5 3.4 10−3 × H 0.92 1.17 1.48 1.82 2.19 2.59 3.04
*Extrapolated values. International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 261.
2-126 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-128 Chlorine (Cl2) TABLE 2-129 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)

Partial Weight of ClO2, grams per liter of solution
Vol % of ClO2
pressure
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter in gas phase 0°C 5°C 10°C 15°C 20°C 30°C 40°C
of Cl2,
mm Hg 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C 40°C 50°C 1 2.00 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.90 0.60 0.46
3 6.00 4.7 3.85 3.20 2.70 1.95 1.30
5 0.488 0.451 0.438 0.424 0.412 0.398 5 10.0 7.8 6.30 5.25 4.30 3.20 2.25
10 .679 .603 .575 .553 .532 .512 7 14.0 10.9 8.95 7.35 6.15 4.40 3.20
30 1.221 1.024 .937 .873 .821 .781 10 20.0 15.5 12.8 10.5 8.80 6.30 4.50
50 1.717 1.354 1.210 1.106 1.025 .962 11 17.0 14.0 11.7 9.70 7.00 5.00
100 2.79 2.08 1.773 1.573 1.424 1.313 12 18.6 15.3 12.8 10.55 7.50 5.45
150 3.81 2.73 2.27 1.966 1.754 1.599 13 20.3 16.6 13.8 11.5 8.20 5.85
200 4.78 3.35 2.74 2.34 2.05 1.856 14 18.0 14.9 12.3 8.80 6.35
250 5.71 3.95 3.19 2.69 2.34 2.09 15 19.2 16.0 13.2 9.50 6.80
300 4.54 3.63 3.03 2.61 2.31 16 20.3 17.0 14.2 10.1 7.20
350 5.13 4.06 3.35 2.86 2.53 Ishi, Chem. Eng. (Japan), 22, 153 (1958).
400 5.71 4.48 3.69 3.11 2.74
450 6.26 4.88 3.98 3.36 2.94
500 6.85 5.29 4.30 3.61 3.14
550 7.39 5.71 4.60 3.84 3.33
600 7.97 6.12 4.91 4.08 3.52
650 8.52 6.52 5.21 4.32 3.71
700 9.09 6.90 5.50 4.54 3.89
750 9.65 7.29 5.80 4.77 4.07 TABLE 2-130 Ethane (C2H6)
800 10.21 7.69 6.08 4.99 4.27 t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
900 8.46 6.68 5.44 4.62
10−4 × H 1.26 1.55 1.89 2.26 2.63 3.02 3.42 3.83
1000 9.27 7.27 5.89 4.97
1200 Cl2.8H2O2 separates 10.84 8.42 6.81 5.67 t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100
1500 13.23 10.14 8.05 6.70
2000 17.07 13.02 10.22 8.38 10−4 × H 4.23 4.63 5.00 5.65 6.23 6.61 6.87 6.92
2500 21.0 15.84 12.32 10.03 International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 261.
3000 18.73 14.47 11.70
3500 21.7 16.62 13.38
4000 24.7 18.84 15.04
4500 27.7 20.7 16.75
5000 30.8 23.3 18.46

Partial
pressure TABLE 2-131 Ethylene (C2H4)
of Cl2, Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter
mm Hg 60°C 70°C 80°C 90°C 100°C 110°C t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

5 0.383 0.369 0.351 0.339 0.326 0.316 10−3 × H 5.52 6.53 7.68 8.95 10.2 11.4 12.7
10 .492 .470 .447 .431 .415 .402 International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 260.
30 .743 .704 .671 .642 .627 .598
50 .912 .863 .815 .781 .747 .722
100 1.228 1.149 1.085 1.034 .987 .950
150 1.482 1.382 1.294 1.227 1.174 1.137
200 1.706 1.580 1.479 1.396 1.333 1.276
250 1.914 1.764 1.642 1.553 1.480 1.413
300 2.10 1.932 1.793 1.700 1.610 1.542
350 2.28 2.10 1.940 1.831 1.736 1.661 TABLE 2-132 Helium (He)
400 2.47 2.25 2.08 1.965 1.854 1.773 t, °C 0 10 20 30 40 50
450 2.64 2.41 2.22 2.09 1.972 1.880
500 2.80 2.55 2.35 2.21 2.08 1.986 10−4 × H 12.9 12.6 12.5 12.4 12.1 11.5
550 2.97 2.69 2.47 2.32 2.19 2.09
See also Pray, Schweickert, and Minnich, Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 1146 (1952).
600 3.13 2.83 2.59 2.43 2.29 2.19
650 3.29 2.97 2.72 2.55 2.41 2.28
700 3.44 3.10 2.84 2.66 2.50 2.37
750 3.59 3.23 2.96 2.76 2.60 2.47
800 3.75 3.37 3.08 2.87 2.69 2.56
900 4.04 3.63 3.30 3.08 2.89 2.74
1000 4.36 3.88 3.53 3.28 3.07 2.91
1200 4.92 4.37 3.95 3.67 3.43 3.25 TABLE 2-133 Hydrogen (H2)—Temperature
1500 5.76 5.09 4.58 4.23 3.95 3.74
t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
2000 7.14 6.26 5.63 5.17 4.78 4.49
2500 8.48 7.40 6.61 6.05 5.59 5.25 10−4 × H 5.79 6.08 6.36 6.61 6.83 7.07 7.29 7.42
3000 9.83 8.52 7.54 6.92 6.38 5.97 t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100
3500 11.22 9.65 8.53 7.79 7.16 6.72
4000 12.54 10.76 9.52 8.65 7.94 7.42 10−4 × H 7.51 7.60 7.65 7.65 7.61 7.55 7.51 7.45
4500 13.88 11.91 10.46 9.49 8.72 8.13 “International Critical Tables,” vol. 3, p. 256.
5000 15.26 13.01 11.42 10.35 9.48 8.84 See also Pray, Schweickert, and Minnich, Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 1146 (1952).
 SOLUBILITIES 2-127

TABLE 2-134 Hydrogen (H2)—Pressure TABLE 2-137 Methane (CH4)

10−4 × H t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Partial pressure
H2, mm Hg 19.5°C 23°C 10−4 × H 2.24 2.59 2.97 3.37 3.76 4.13 4.49 4.86
900 7.42 t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100
1100 7.75
2000 7.42 7.76 10−4 × H 5.20 5.51 5.77 6.26 6.66 6.82 6.92 7.01
3000 7.43 7.77 International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 260.
4000 7.47 7.81
5000 7.56 7.89
6000 7.70 8.00
7000 7.87 8.16
TABLE 2-138 Nitrogen (N2)—Temperature*
8200 8.41
8250 8.17 t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 256. 10−4 × H 5.29 5.97 6.68 7.38 8.04 8.65 9.24 9.85
t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100
10−4 × H 10.4 10.9 11.3 12.0 12.5 12.6 12.6 12.6
“International Critical Tables,” vol. 3, p. 256. See also Pray, Schweickert, and
Minnich, Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 1146 (1952).
*Atmospheric nitrogen = 98.815 vol. % N2 + 1.185 vol. % A.

TABLE 2-135 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

Weights of TABLE 2-139 Nitrogen (N2)—Pressure
HCl per 100 Partial pressure of HCl, mm Hg
weights of H2O 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C 10−4 × H
Partial pressure of
78.6 510 840 N2, mm Hg 19.4°C 24.9°C
66.7 130 233 399 627
900 8.24 9.08
56.3 29.0 56.4 105.5 188
2000 8.32 9.15
47.0 5.7 11.8 23.5 44.5
3000 8.41 9.25
38.9 1.0 2.27 4.90 9.90
4000 8.49 9.38
31.6 0.175 0.43 1.00 2.17
5000 8.59 9.49
25.0 .0316 .084 0.205 0.48
6000 8.74 9.62
19.05 .0056 .016 .0428 .106
7000 8.86 9.75
13.64 .00099 .00305 .0088 .0234
8100 9.04
8.70 .000118 .000583 .00178 .00515
8200 9.91
4.17 .000018 .000069 .00024 .00077
2.04 .0000117 .000044 .000151 See also Goodman and Krase [Ind. Eng. Chem., 23, 401 (1931)] for values up
to 169°C and 300 atm.
Weights of
HCl per 100 Partial pressure of HCl, mm Hg
weights of H2O 50°C 80°C 110°C
TABLE 2-140 Oxygen (O2)—Temperature
78.6
66.7 t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
56.3 535 10−4 × H 2.55 2.91 3.27 3.64 4.01 4.38 4.75 5.07
47.0 141 623
38.9 35.7 188 760 t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100
31.6 8.9 54.5 253
25.0 2.21 15.6 83 10−4 × H 5.35 5.63 5.88 6.29 6.63 6.87 6.99 7.01
19.05 0.55 4.66 28 International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257. Pray, Schweickert, and Minnich
13.64 .136 1.34 9.3 [Ind. Eng. Chem., 44, 1146 (1952)] give H = 4.46 × 10−4 at 25°C and other val-
8.70 .0344 0.39 3.10 ues up to 343°C.
4.17 .0064 .095 0.93
2.04 .00140 .0245 .280
Enthalpy and phase-equilibrium data for the binary system HCl-H2O are
given by Van Nuys, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 39, 663 (1943). TABLE 2-141 Oxygen (O2)—Pressure
10−4 × H
Partial pressure of
O2, mm Hg 23°C 25.9°C
800 4.79
900 4.58
2000 4.59 4.80
3000 4.60 4.83
TABLE 2-136 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 4000 4.68 4.88
5000 4.73 4.92
t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 6000 4.80 4.98
7000 4.88 5.05
10−2 × H 2.68 3.15 3.67 4.23 4.83 5.45 6.09 6.76 8150 4.98
t, °C 40 45 50 60 70 80 90 100 8200 5.16

10 × H
−2
7.45 8.14 8.84 10.3 11.9 13.5 14.4 14.8 International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257. See also Trans. Am. Soc. Mech.
Engrs., 76, 69 (1954) for solubility of O2 for 100°F < T < 650°F, 300 < P < 2000
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 259. lb/in2.
2-128 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-142 Ozone (O3) TABLE 2-143 Propylene (C3H6)

t, °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 t, °C 2 6 10 14 18
10−3 × H 1.94 2.18 2.48 2.88 3.76 4.57 5.98 8.18 12.0 27.4 10−3 × H 3.04 3.84 4.46 5.06 5.69
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257. International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 260.

TABLE 2-144 Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over Water, mm Hg

Temperature, °C
g SO2 /
100 g H2O 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 90 120
0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.29 0.43 1.21 2.82
0.05 0.38 0.66 1.07 1.68 2.53 3.69 5.24 12.9 27.0
0.10 1.15 1.91 3.03 4.62 6.80 9.71 13.5 31.7 63.9
0.15 2.10 3.44 5.37 8.07 11.7 16.5 22.7 52.2 104
0.20 3.17 5.13 7.93 11.8 17.0 23.8 32.6 73.7 145

0.25 4.34 6.93 10.6 15.7 22.5 31.4 42.8 95.8 186
0.30 5.57 8.84 13.5 19.8 28.2 39.2 53.3 118 229
0.40 8.17 12.8 19.4 28.3 40.1 55.3 74.7 164 316
0.50 10.9 17.0 25.6 37.1 52.3 72.0 96.8 211 404
1.00 25.8 39.5 58.4 83.7 117 159 212 454 856

2.00 58.6 88.5 129 183 253 342 453 955

3.00 93.2 139 202 285 393 530 700
4.00 129 192 277 389 535 720
5.00 165 245 353 496 679
6.00 202 299 430 602 824

8.00 275 407 585 818

10.00 351 517 741
15.00 542 796
20.00 735
Condensed from Rabe, A. E. and Harris, J. F., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 8 (3), 333–336, 1963. Copyright © American Chemical Society and
reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.

THERMAL EXPANSION

UNITS CONVERSIONS
For this subsection, the following units conversion is applicable:
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
The tables given under this subject are reprinted by permission from
the Smithsonian Tables. For more detailed data on thermal expansion,
see International Critical Tables: tabular index, vol. 3, p. 1; abrasives,
vol. 2, p. 87; alloys, vol. 2, p. 463; building stones, vol. 2, p. 54; carbons,
vol. 2, p. 303; elements, vol. 1, p. 102; enamels, vol. 2, p. 115; glass, vol.
2, p. 93; metals, vol. 2, p. 459; petroleums, vol. 2, p. 145; porcelains,
vol. 2, pp. 70, 78; refractory materials, vol. 2, p. 83; solid insulators,
vol. 2, p. 310.
THERMAL EXPANSION OF GASES
No tables of the coefficients of thermal expansion of gases are given in
this edition. The coefficient at constant pressure, 1/υ(∂υ/∂T)p, for an
ideal gas is merely the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. For
a real gas or liquid, both it and the coefficient at constant volume,
1/p (∂p/∂T)v, should be calculated either from the equation of state or
from tabulated PVT data.