Floods

Rivers are often appreciented for their beauty and the benefits they offer of humans and
wildlife: however, rivers can also be deadlyand distructive in the event of a flood. Floods are violent
forces of nature that can destroy homes, building, roads, and crops. They can also kill animals and
people.

When heavy rains occurs, sometimes too much water runs into a river. This couses the river to
rise over its banjs and flood. River floods usually happen in the spring heavy rains melt snow. The rain
and snow together are often too much for the river to handle.

Heavy rainstorms, like those that occur during hurricanes and typhoons, also couse flooding.
These storms, which originate over the ocean can bring massive quentities of water to the land very
quickly. When the rivers cannot carry the rains away fast enough, the land floods.

Other rainstorms, such as cloudbursts, also couse floods. A cloudburst is aheavy rainstorm that
lasts only and hour or two. Becouse a large amount of water falls in a short time, the ground does not
have enough time to absorb it. The water the flows inti creeks, streams, and rivers downstream. This is a
flash flood because the flood happens and disappears quickly. Rhese floods are especially dangerous
because people have no chance to prepare or escape.

Rivers are not the only cause of floods. Ocean floods can happen when winds blow large waves
bring a large volume of watre to the shore and cause flooding. Volcanoes can also cause flooding when a
erution melts ice and snow. Regardless of their causes, floods are truly powerful forces that can bring
both devastation and rebirth to the land.

Questions:

1. What is the author’s purpose to write this text ?

2. From the text, how does a flood happen ?
3. What does the fourth paragraph mostly tell about ?
4. How do heavy rainstorms cause flood ?
5. What are the effects of floods ?

Tsunami

A tsunami is a natural phenomenon consisting of a series of waves generated when water in a

lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. A tsunami is a huge wave or seris of waves.
Tsunami is a Japanese word. Tsu means harbor. Nami means wave. A tsunami can occur in any ocean.
But most tsunamis occur inthe Pasific Ocean. Tsunamis are caused by sudden movements of the ocean
floor. Underwater earthquakes, landslider, or volcanic eruptions can caused these movements.

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor slips. The displaced rock pushes water
above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean wave
spread out from the vicinity of the earthquaker source and move across the acean until they reach the
coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust
that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.
 A tsunami washes ashore wih disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to
drowing and damage to property.

Questions :

1. What is the definition of tsunami ?

2. Where is the word “tsunami” derived from ?
3. What does the second paragraph mostly tell about ?
4. What are the causes of tsunamis ?
5. What are the affects of tsunami ?