Indian Power Transmission Report 2011-12

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
On
PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING IN INDIA
Exploring the Business Opportunity in Manufacturing Sector
At
Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited
JUNE-JULY, 2012
Under the Guidance of
Mr. ANURAG RAIZADA Mr. J. S. S. RAO

Principal Consultant, Energy Division Principal Director
Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Ltd. National Power Training Institute
Prepared By
ABHINAV GUPTA
Roll No. 1120812182
MBA - Power Management, Batch: 2011-13
NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE (NPTI), Faridabad
Submitted to
MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

DECLARATION
I, ABHINAV GUPTA, Roll No. 1120812182, student of MBA-Power Management (2011-13)

at National Power Training Institute (NPTI), Faridabad hereby declare that the Summer Training
Report entitled
“PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURING IN INDIA”
is an original work and the same has not been submitted to any other institute for the award of
any other degree.
A Seminar presentation of the Training Report was made on 29th August, 2012 and the
suggestions as approved by the faculty were duly incorporated.
Presentation In-Charge Signature of the Candidate
(Faculty)
Countersigned
Director/Principal of the Institute
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It’s my immense pleasure to present this report under the subject of ‘Prospects of Transmission
& Distribution Equipment Manufacturing in India’. I take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of the project.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Devtosh Chaturvedi, Director, Energy
Division and Mr. Anurag Raizada, Principal Consultant, Energy Division of Feedback
Infrastructure Services Private Limited for giving me an opportunity to work under their
guidance and a rare chance to work on a prominent project.
I would like to express my heartiest thanks to Mr. Dilip Behera, Consultant, Energy Division,
Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited for giving me a chance to work with him,
providing me with the necessary resources, ideas and facilitating me in this project.
I am also thankful to Mr. J.S.S. Rao, Principal Director, CAMPS (NPTI); Mr. S.K. Chaudhary,
Principal Director, CAMPS; Mrs. Manju Mam, Dy. Director, NPTI; Mrs. Indu Maheshwari, Dy.
Director, NPTI; for arranging my summer internship at Feedback Infrastructure Services Private
Limited. It’s my privilege to have Mr. J.S.S. Rao, Principal Director, CAMPS (NPTI) as my
internal project guide. He has been a constant source of motivation and guidance throughout
the course of my internship.
I also extend my thanks to all the faculties and my batch mates in CAMPS (NPTI), for their
support and guidance throughout the course of internship.
ABHINAV GUPTA
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. CONTENTS Page No.

CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
ABBREVIATIONS ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY x
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Transmission & Distribution Equipment Industry 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Organization Profile 2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 Literature Survey 5
2.2 Research Methodology 6
3 SCENARIO OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA 7
3.1 Indian Power Sector 7
3.2 Power Sector Performance in 11th Plan 8
3.2.1 Capacity Addition: Generation 8
3.2.2 Transmission System in India 9
3.2.3 Capacity Addition: Transmission Lines 10
3.2.4 Capacity Addition: EHV Substations 12
3.2.5 Performance of Distribution Sector 14
3.2.6 Technological Development 16
3.3 Transmission & Distribution Sector in 12th Plan 18
3.3.1 Envisaged Growth in 12th Plan 18
3.3.2 Addition of Transmission Lines 20
3.3.3 Addition of Substations 21
3.3.4 Development of National Grid: Inter-State Transmission Capacity 22
3.3.5 Growth of Distribution Business 23
4 INDIAN ELECTRICAL T&D EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 28
4.1 Industry Scenario 28
4.2 Cable & Conductor 30
4.2.1 Cable 30
4.2.2 Types of Cable 30
4.2.3 Conductor 31
4.2.4 Types of Conductor 31
4.2.5 Competitor Analysis 32
4.2.6 Financial Analysis 34
4.2.7 Industry Performance 35
4.2.8 Market Prospects 36
4.3 Transmission Tower 38
4.3.1 Types of Transmission Tower 39
iv
4.4 Switchgear & Control Instruments 48
4.4.1 Constituents of Switchgear 48
4.4.5 Demand Segments 58
4.5 Transformer 60
4.5.1 Major Components of Transformer 61
4.5.2 Market Analysis 64
4.5.5 Growth in Market Size 73
4.5.6 Prospective Clients 74
4.5.7 Business Risk 75
4.6 Energy Meter 75
4.6.1 Types of Energy Meter 76
5 CHALLENGES AND ISSUES 87
5.1 Increasing Imports: A Major Challenge 87
5.2 Critical Issues 88
6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 90
6.1 Business Opportunities 90
6.2 Cables 90
6.3 Conductors 90
6.4 Transmission Towers 91
6.5 Switchgears & Controls 91
6.6 Transformers 92
6.7 Energy Meters 92
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES 94
ANNEXURE - I 96
ANNEXURE – II 97
v
LIST OF FIGURES
NAME OF FIGURE Page No.
Figure 1: Per Capita Yearly Electricity Consumption 8
Figure 1: Trend in Transmission Line Growth 11
Figure 2: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Transmission Lines 12
Figure 3: Trend in Substation Capacity Growth 13
Figure 4: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Substation Capacity 14
Figure 5: AT&C Loss: Past Performance and Future Expectations 15
Figure 6: Infrastructure Addition in 11th Plan 18
Figure 7: Structure of T&D Network Planning 18
Figure 8: Sourcing of Financial Investment 19
Figure 9: Transmission Line Length (Ckm): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans 20
Figure 10: Substation Capacity (MVA): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans 21
Figure 11: Cumulative Growth of Inter-State Transmission Capacity (MW) 22
Figure 12: Growth of T&D Lines below 66 kV 23
Figure 13: Growth of (All) T&D Equipments Industry in India 28
Figure 14: Growth of Major T&D Equipments in India 29
Figure 15: Cable 30
Figure 16: Cross Sectional View of Three Core Belted Cable 31
Figure 17: Aluminum Conductor 31
Figure 18: ACSR Conductor 31
Figure 19: Cable Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size 37
Figure 20: Conductor Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size 37
Figure 21: Cable & Conductor: Export Trend 38
Figure 22: Transmission Tower 39
Figure 23: Waist Type Tower 40
Figure 24: Double Circuit Tower 40
Figure 25: Steel Tubular Pole 40
Figure 26: Guyed-V Tower 41
Figure 27: Tower Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size 47
Figure 28: Switchgear: Circuit Breaker 48
Figure 29: Oil Circuit Breaker 48
Figure 30: Voltage Circuit Breaker 49
Figure 31: Gas Circuit Breaker 50
Figure 32: Current Transformer 51
Figure 33: Voltage Transformer 51
Figure 34: Export of Switchgear Instruments 58
Figure 35: Switchgear Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size 60
Figure 36: Transformer 61
Figure 37: Transformer Windings 61
Figure 38: Core 62
Figure 39: Conservator Tank 62
Figure 40: Radiator 62
Figure 41: Buchholz Relay 63
Figure 42: Bushings 63
Figure 43: Demand Drivers fo Transformer 65
Figure 44: Transformer Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size 74
vi
Figure 45: Energy Meter 75
Figure 46: Electromechanical Meter 76
Figure 47: Electronic Meter 77
Figure 48: HTMD Meter 77
Figure 49: Apex Meters 78
Figure 50: LTCT Meter 78
Figure 51: LT Whole Current Meter 79
Figure 52: Prepaid Meter 79
Figure 53: Running Cycle of Prepaid Meter 80
Figure 54: Export of Electrical Meters 84
Figure 55: Metering Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size 86
Figure 56: CHINA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments 87
Figure 57: KOREA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments 88
LIST OF TABLES
NAME OF TABLE Page No.

Table 1: Snapshot: Indian Power Sector 7
Table 1: Planwise Generation Capacity Addition 9
Table 2: Growth of Transmission Lines (Ckm) 10
Table 3: Growth of Substation Capacity (MVA) 13
Table 4: 12th Plan: Investment Layout in Power Sector 19
Table 5: Planned addition of Transmission Lines (Ckm) in 12th Plan (2012-2017) 20
Table 6: Planned Addition of Substation Capacity in 12th Plan (2012-2017) 22
Table 7: Distribution Sector: Network Enhancement in 12th Plan 24
Table 8: AT&C Losses: Projected Performance 25
Table 9: Transmission & Distribution Equipments 28
Table 10: Sterlite Technologies Limited 32
Table 11: JSK Industries Pvt. Limited 32
Table 12: Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited 33
Table 13: Deepak Cables (India) Limited 33
Table 14: KEC International 34
Table 15: Competitor Performance 34
Table 16: Performance of Cable & Transmission Line Industry 35
Table 17: Strategic Analysis 36
Table 18: Voltage Segmentation of Power System 38
Table 19: Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited 41
Table 20: IVRCL 41
Table 21: KEC International 42
Table 22: Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited 42
Table 23: Jyoti Structures Limited 43
Table 24: Gammon India Ltd 43
Table 25: Unitech Power Transmission Ltd 44
Table 26: Aster Private Ltd 44
Table 27: Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd 45
vii
Table 29: Performance of Transmission Line Industry 46
Table 31: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) 51
Table 32: Siemens India Limited 52
Table 33: ABB Limited 53
Table 34: Crompton Greaves Limited 53
Table 35: Alstom (Areva) T&D India Limited 54
Table 36: Biecco Lawrie Limited 55
Table 37: Jyoti Limited 55
Table 38: Vishal Transformers & Switchgears (P) Ltd 55
Table 39: Heptacare Power Industries Pvt. Limited 56
Table 40: Hivoltrans Electricals Pvt. Ltd 56
Table 41: Kappa Electricals 57
Table 43: Performance of Switchgear Industry 58
Table 45: Types of Transformer 61
Table 46: Transformer: Domestic Demand Vs Supply 64
Table 47: Performance of Transformer Industry 65
Table 48: Transformer: Demand Creators 66
Table 49: Transformer Exports from India 66
Table 50: Transformer Industry: Prominent Players 67
Table 51: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) 67
Table 52: Siemens India Limited 68
Table 53: ABB Limited 68
Table 54: Crompton Greaves Limited 69
Table 55: Alstom (Areva) T&D India Limited 70
Table 56: Transformers & Rectifiers 71
Table 57: Vijai Electricals 71
Table 58: Voltamp 71
Table 59: Bharat Bijlee 72
Table 60: EMCO 72
Table 61: Competitor Analysis 73
Table 62: Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd 80
Table 63: Secure Meters Limited 81
Table 64: L&T Limited (Electrical & Automation Division) 82
Table 65: ECE Industries Limited 82
Table 66: HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd 83
Table 67: Capital Power Systems Ltd 83
Table 68: Performance of Metering Industry 84
viii
ABBREVIATIONS
Independent Power Transmission

ABC Areal Bunched Conductor IPTC
Company
ACA Additional Central Assistance IS Indian Standard
ACAR Aluminum Core Alloy Reinforced ISTS Interstate Transmission System
ACS Average Cost of Supply I-STS Intra-State Transmission System
ACSR Aluminum Core Steel Reinforced JV Joint Venture
AMR Automatic Meter Reading kV Kilo Volt
ARR Average revenue Realized kWh Kilowatt Hour
Aggregate Technical & Commercial
AT&C LCD Liquid Crystal Display
Losses
ATO Annual Turn Over LTCT Low Tension Current Transformer
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate LV Low Voltage
CEA Central Electricity Authority MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker
Ckm Circuit Kilometer MCCB Molded Case Circuit Breaker
CRGO Cold Rolled Grain Oriented MV Medium Voltage
CT Current Transformer MVA Mega Volt Ampere
CTU Central Transmission Utility MW Mega Watt
CVD Counter Veiling Duty OCB Oil Circuit Breaker
DISCOM Distribution Company PGCIL Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
DT Distribution Transformer R&D Research & Development
ED Energy Division R-APDRP Restructured-APDRD
EE Electrical Equipment RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojna
EHV Extra High Voltage RoW Right of Way
EPC Engineering, Procurement, Construction SAD Special Additional Duty
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
EU European Union SCADA
System
FY Financial Year SEB State Electricity Board
FYP Five Year Plan STU State Transmission Utility
GENCO Generation Company T&D Transmission & Distribution
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear ToD Time of Day
HCTC High Capacity Transmission Corridor TRANSCO Transmission Company
HTMD High Tension Maximum Demand UHV Ultra High Voltage
HVAC High Voltage Alternating Current VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current VT Voltage Transformer
HVDS High Voltage Distribution System WC Whole Current
Indian Electrical Equipment
IEEMA XLPE Cross Link Poly Ethylene
Manufacturing Association
INR Indian Rupees YoY Year on Year
ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Indian Power Sector has witnessed the robust growth during the 11th Five Year Plan. Power
generation capacity of 53,000 MW has been added in 11th Plan which is ever highest among any
five year plan. The focus of investments in the Indian Power Sector has typically been on the
generation segment, while the importance of Transmission and Distribution segment has always
been undervalued. During 11th Plan, about 55% of total investment in the power sector was in the
generation segment, 15% in transmission and 30% in distribution. This investment pattern needs
to be revised. Investment in the generation, transmission and distribution segments should ideally
be in the ratio of 2:1:2. During the 12th plan, 47% of the total investment in the sector has been
earmarked for the generation segment while the rest has been reserved for T&D and other
segments. Power transmission is the backbone of whole power system for any country. To
transmit more power from one end to another, even more robust and reliable network is required.
In India, voltage level at 220 kV and above is used for long distance power transfer. In the 11 th
Plan, focus has been to shift the operating transmission voltage level from 220 kV & 400 kV
towards 765 kV. Initial efforts in 1200 kV segment has also been made successfully. HVDC
transmission has emerged as more convenient way to transmit power for distance more than 800-
1000 km. Accordingly, availability of equipments of suitable voltage level have become prime
need of the time for the further development. Indian T&D equipment industry has grown faster
in 2009-10 and 2010-11 as compared to 2007-08 and 2008-09. It reflects high degree of
correlation between generation capacity addition activity and corresponding enhancement of
transmission & Distribution system.
In this development, now the importance of T&D manufacturing industry can not be subdued.
Balance between demand and; timely & cost effective supply of equipment affects the growth of
transmission & distribution network and hence connectivity between generator and the end
consumer. Today country’s major T&D equipment market has crossed the mark of INR 64,000
Crore. Indian T&D manufacturing industry comprises a mixture of around four hundred; Power,
Distribution and instrument transformer manufacturers, one hundred fifty switchgear
manufacturers, fifty energy meter manufacturers, seventy capacitor manufacturers, one hundred
fifty cable manufacturers and approx fifty insulator manufacturers.
x
Overall, Indian T&D equipment manufacturing industry is able to cater the domestic demand.
Additionally, industry exports various kinds of equipments to the foreign market. This portfolio
especially comprises small & medium; power and distribution transformers, switchgears,
conductors etc. Import portfolio includes EHV cables, large transformers electric rotating
machines etc.
Although this industry is flooded with more than one thousand manufacturers yet most of the
market share is held by a few leading multinational players. It is mainly because of poor
attention on Research and Development to explore new technologies. Today, in spite of being
one of the largest markets in the world; domestic manufacturers are not able to fulfill country’s
demand of equipments. In order to become self dependent, Indian Government has Vision 2022
set for Indian Electrical Equipment Industry to make India the country of choice for the
production of electrical equipment and reach an output of INR 5 Lakh Crore by balancing
exports and imports. To achieve the vision, concerted efforts by all stakeholders including
government, industry and industry association, needs to be deployed.
According to Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Association (IEEMA) which consists

95% of Indian Manufacturing Companies; performance of industry has remained average
compared to last year. Cable and Energy Meter industry has been able to lead the industry in
2011-12.
Market Size in 2011-12 CAGR (11th Plan)

Equipment Category Growth in 2011-12 (YoY)
(INR Crore)
Cables 19,496 25.7% 14.5%
Conductors 5,914 4.3% 5.9%
Transmission Towers 6,257 -5.2% 6.4%
Switchgears 8,882 -2.4% 7.9%
Transformers 12,498 1.2% 5.5%

Capacitors 506 -1.8% 10.8%
Energy Meters 2,387 6.1% 5.8%
Rotating Machines 6,373 1% 5.5%
Although Year on Year (YoY) basis, growth rate at 6.6% in 2011-12 half as compared to 13.7%
in 2010-11 yet over the last five years industry size has increased at a CAGR of 8.5%. It is a sign
of long term growth of the equipment industry.
xi
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Transmission & Distribution Equipment Industry
The process of power generation and its eventual transmission and distribution (T&D) can be
compared to the process by which food grains are supplied to cities from the places where they
are produced and stored. Even if the warehouses are full with food grains, the transport
infrastructure should be in good condition for the food grains to reach the end-users. If transport
infrastructure is inefficient and inadequate, it not only results in to supply shortage but also leads
to wastage during transport. In case of power, generation capacity is the warehouse and T&D
infrastructure plays the role of transport facility.
Considering the rapidly increasing demand of power in country, massive generation capacity is
planned to fulfill this demand. At the same time, huge investment is required in building up the
T&D infrastructure so as to ensure efficient supply of power. The power transmission and
distribution equipment industry is a critical part of the Indian power sector. Power generation is
key growth-driver for the equipment manufacturing industry.
In India, power transmission equipment companies include those who manufacture transmission
lines and towers, substations, equipments like transformers, reactors and electrical equipments
like electrical meters and metering solutions. Indian T&D equipment market is fragmented. It is
characterized by the presence of a number of small and medium enterprises yet some major
players dominate the market share. These companies do their business through different routes
available in the market. In an EPC contract route, the EPC contractor (EPCC) agrees to deliver a
completely commissioned plant to the owner for an agreed amount. This is just as a builder who
hands over the keys of a fully furnished flat to a purchaser. Transmission equipment companies
that are in the business of setting up transmission lines and towers; and substations follow the
EPC route wherein they take up turnkey projects. Companies that deal in manufacturing
transformers and electric meters, directly sell them to Power Grid Corp (PGCIL), State
Electricity Boards (SEB’s) and other private distribution companies.
1.2 Problem Statement
The electrical T&D equipment industry in India has a long history. Clocked at 6.6% growth in
the FY 2011-12, it covers over 1,500 units of varying sizes, amounting for an annual turnover of
about INR 64,000 Crores. It amounts for more than INR 20,000 Crores of annual exports and
above INR 32,000 Crores of annual imports; it has a negative trade balance which has been
increasing in recent times.
In spite of increasing imports, this industry has a very good potential for domestic as well as
export market in most of the developing and some of the developed countries. But matter is the
correct assessment of the market and selection of right equipment segment to enter in the
manufacturing business.
1.3 Objective
The objective of this report is as under
i) Analyzing the performance of Indian Electrical T&D equipment industry during last five to
ten years and current status.
ii) Analyzing the prospects and growth drivers of T&D equipment industry in next five to ten
years in India.
iii) Identification of equipment segment and exploring the business opportunity for a new entrant
in the market.
1.4 Organization Profile
Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited, more commonly known as Feedback Infra, is a
leading professional and technical services company in the infrastructure sector in India. From
concept to commissioning, Company offers an integrated suite of services across all sectors of
infrastructure.
Headquartered in Gurgaon, Feedback Infra has 5 regional offices and 70 project offices
nationally. Besides India, Feedback has projects in Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Europe, Indonesia, Malaysia, Middle East, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Syria.
2
Feedback Infra is enabled by a large pool of multidisciplinary experts; cutting-edge functional
and domain knowledge; an all-India network of offices; and a strong shareholding — L&T,
IDFC, and HDFC.
The Various sectors are Transportation & Logistics, Energy, Housing & Townships, Commercial
Infrastructure, Industrial Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation, Retail & Entertainment, Healthcare,
Hospitality, Urban Development and Special Economic Zones
Feedback is presently working on more than 35,000 MW of new power generation capacity;
20,000 km of National and State Highways; 100,000 acres of real estate development and a
building area of more than 22 million square feet.
Energy Division (ED) is an integral part of the energy and fuel landscape in India, handholding
utilities through the reform and re-structuring process and introducing and guiding private
investments in the sector. From, identifying and evaluating business opportunities, structuring of
projects, representing the clients in the financial and power markets, providing implementation
support and performance management capabilities, Feedback Infra has built valuable
relationships with utilities; Indian and global energy majors and with individual captive plants.
Its services range from policy framework creation addressing sectoral issues, to project-driven
customized services meeting specific needs of the client.
In generation, Energy Division (ED) offers coal and IPP entry strategies, tariff studies, project
structuring, business plans and long-term fuel strategy procurement.
In transmission, ED offers transmission service agreements, cost of service, energy accounting at

the SLDC level, merit and UI trade analysis and grid support changes.
In distribution, the division conducts the valuation of an existing business, a “go-no-go” analysis,
set up distribution franchisees, offer tariff rationalization, ways to enhance revenues, reduce
T&D losses and costs of service.
In the regulatory area, ED assists with the ARR filings, review of regulations and regulatory
comparison, open access regulations and PPA renegotiations.
3
In the renewable area, ED provides strategic advisory services through the entire project cycle -
from site evaluation to post commissioning support; including assessment of business models,
technology issues, policy and regulatory factors.
In the energy efficiency space, ED enjoys a strong domestic and an evolving international
presence. As a Grade-II ESCO, it goes beyond providing traditional advisory or engineering
design services - offering guaranteed energy conservation solutions and project
development/management services to the household, industry, commercial and rural sector.
In the information technology space, ED is a leader in providing IT solutions to the Power

Distribution utilities and has undertaken IT assisted performance improvement for utilities across
the country. The Division is also moving into the Smart Grid arena with international
accreditations under its belt.
4
CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Literature Survey
The global electrical equipment industry consists of the following two segments:
i) Global heavy electrical equipment market — power generating equipment, including wind
turbines, and other heavy electrical equipments such as power turbines, heavy electrical
machinery intended for fixed-use and large electrical systems.
ii) Global electrical components and equipment market — electric power cables, transformers
and electrical switchgear, transmission line towers, etc.
The global EE market is expected to increase from more than US$ 3 trillion (2008-15) to US$
6.8 trillion (2016-30). This translates into ~2% CAGR over the long term. Asia-Pacific and
Europe together account for more than 70% of the global market, with Asia- Pacific‘s share
being 45%. This region is expected to see the strongest demand in future due to the region‘s
strong expected economic growth rates.
Globally, growth rates have been less-than-impressive in recent years in the electrical equipment
market, but there is scope for expansion in certain geographical areas, such as the emerging
markets in the Asia-Pacific region. Robust economic growth in emerging countries such as China
and India, combined with rapid urbanization and strong growth in fixed investment spending in
these countries, is expected to boost the demand for electrical equipment in these countries.
A period of deregulation is being witnessed in the power sectors of most countries, with an
increase in the number of independent power distributors and operators who are capable of
supplying services at different points in the power sector value chain. In developed countries,
rising ecological concerns and investment in alternative sources of power generation should
benefit the heavy electric power equipment segment such as the wind turbines.
Global trade in EE products accounts for 3% of the overall trade. While global trade has grown
at 5.2% CAGR (2006-10), while trade in EE has grown by 5.8% over the same period, thus
increasing its share in the global trade. Global trade in EE has reached US$ 453 billion in 2010,
5
with China being the leading exporter of electrical equipment with over 15 percent share. India
accounts for less than 1% of the total share of exports. USA and China are the largest import
markets in the world for EE. India imports 2% of total EE trade of the world. India has a trade
deficit in EE trade, with imports higher than exports, consistently for the last many years.
Switchgears and rotating machines together cover ~36% of the trade market. China is the leading
exporter in rotating machines as well as transformers with more than 16% share, while India has
less than 2% share in global trade of these products. US is the largest importer of rotating
machines as well as transformers. China dominates trade in most of these product segments.
Segments such as rotating machines, transformers, lamps, cables are dominated by China with
double digit shares in global trade. Countries like Japan, US and Germany dominate trade in a
few segments like switchgears, insulators, capacitors etc.
2.2 Research Methodology
The project is based on the basic concept of research methodology. The following concepts are
directly or indirectly used while dong this project.
Collection of Data
Secondary source of data collection has been adopted. Sources of data have been the companies’
websites and different commercial & ministry websites.
Population
Prominent players in the manufacturing sector have been chosen from the population mean.
Analysis Pattern
Comparative analysis of different companies has been carried out.
6
CHAPTER - 3
SCENARIO OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA
3.1 Indian Power Sector
Indian power sector has witnessed a rapid growth in all verticals i.e. generation, transmission and
distribution. Generation sector which saw the fastest growth during last five years was followed
by transmission capability enhancement. On the third dimension, distribution sector has now
achieved the pace of reforms especially in last five years. Corrective measures taken after
economic crisis of 1991, whole power sector has proved to be a great opportunity; especially for
private players.
Table 70: Snapshot: Indian Power Sector

Area 32.8 Lakh sq km
Population (Census 2011) 1.21 Billion
Per Capita Electricity
(2010-11) 814 kWh per annum
Consumption
Thermal: 136,436 MW
Installed Generation 205,340 MW Hydro: 39,291 MW
Capacity (June 2012) Nuclear: 4,780 MW
RES: 24,833 MW
Transmission Line Length EHV Substation Capacity
Total: 270,873 ckm Total: 420,561 MVA
Installed Transmission 500 kV HVDC: 9,432 ckm 500 kV HVDC: 11,200 MW
(May 2012)
Capacity 765 kV: 6,337 ckm 765 kV: 30,500 MVA
400 kV: 114,277 ckm 400 kV: 152,342 MVA
220 kV: 140,827 ckm 220 kV: 226,519 MVA
Unbundled Discoms (2000-11) 73
Average AT&C Losses (2009-10) 27.15%
Electrified Villages Up to 11th Plan 90%
Source: CEA, Planning Commission
The power generation capacity added in the 11th Plan, which ended in March 2012, was around
53,000 MW. It is close to 68% of the originally projected addition (78,700 MW during the plan
period). But the capacity addition achieved is no mean accomplishment, given that the quantum
is similar to what the country had added in the previous three Five-Year Plans (15 years ended
March 2007). In fact, 20,501 MW of addition last fiscal was the highest for any year and is close
to 21,180 MW added in the whole of 10th Plan period (2002-07). Increasing population,
7
improving lifestyle, developing infrastructure and growth has led the higher demand of power.
Consistent increase in per capita annual electricity consumption is reflected by growth in power
sector. Elasticity between the overall growth of the country and that of power sector has been in
the range of 0.8 to 0.9.
The investment climate is very Figure 58: Per Capita Yearly Electricity Consumption
positive in the power sector. Due to
policy liberalization, the power 900
800
sector has witnessed higher
814
779
700
734.5
717.1
investment flows than envisaged.
671.9
600
kWh (Unit)
631.5
612.5
592
500
566.7
The power ministry has set a target 400
for adding 76,000 MW of electricity 300
200
generation capacity in the 12th Plan 100
0
(2012-17) and 93,000 MW in the
13th Plan (2017-2022). The Working
Group on Power for formulation of Source: CEA
th
the 12 Plan has estimated total fund requirement of INR 1,372,580 Crore for the power sector.
During the 12th Plan, main sources of financing are commercial banks, public financial
institutions, dedicated infrastructure/power finance institutions, insurance companies, overseas
markets, bilateral/multilateral credit, bond markets and equity markets. In addition, steps have
been taken by government to make available funds through Credit Enhancement Schemes and
Infrastructure Debt Fund etc.
3.2 Power Sector Performance in 11th Plan
3.2.1 Capacity Addition: Generation
11th Plan has emerged as the best inception period for private companies. On a positive note, the
better execution capabilities of private players came forth in the last FYP. Approx 23,000 MW of
capacity is added by the private sector during the 11th plan. Much of the capacity addition was
again through the thermal route. The working group envisages more than 40,015 MW of 76,000
MW of capacity to be added by private players in the current plan (ended 2017).
8
Table 71: Planwise Generation Capacity Addition
Plan Central Sector State Sector Private Sector Total
Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual
7th Plan 9,320 9,534.5 12,925 11,867 0 0 22,245 21,406

% Achievement 102% 92% 0% 96%
8th Plan 12,858 8,157 14,870 6,835 2,810 1,430 30,538 16,423
% Achievement 63.4% 46% 60% 54%
9th Plan 11,904 4,504 10,748 9,353 17,589 5,262 40,245 19,119
% Achievement 37.8% 87% 30% 48%
10th Plan 22,832 13,005 11,157 6,245 7,121 1,931 41,110 21,180
% Achievement 57% 56% 27% 52%
11th Plan 21,222 15,220 21,355 16,732 19,797 23,013 62,374 54,964
% Achievement 71.7% 77% 118% 88%
Source: CEA
3.2.2 Transmission Systems in India
The transmission systems that are in place in the country consist of Inter-State Transmission
System (ISTS) and Intra State Transmission System (Intra-STS).
Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS)
ISTS is mainly owned and operated by Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
(POWERGRID) which is also Central Transmission Utility (CTU). In future, Inter State
Transmission System (ISTS) schemes would be built through competitive bidding and many
private sector entities would own and operate the ISTS elements. Already, various ISTS schemes
owned by the private sector or joint venture (JV) between private sector and POWERGRID are
under construction. The ISTS serves the following purpose:
 Evacuation of power from inter-state generating stations which have beneficiaries in more
than one state.
 Onwards transmission of power to power from inter-state generation stations up to the
delivery point of the state grid.
 Transfer of operational surpluses from surplus state(s) to deficit state(s) or from surplus
region(s) to deficit region(s).
9
Intra State Transmission System (Intra-STS)
Intra-STS within the state are mainly owned and operated by the state transmission utilities of
each state. The Intra-STS serves the following purpose:
 Evacuation of power from generating stations having beneficiaries in the same state.
 Power transmission within the State from ISTS boundary up to the various substations of the
state grid network.
 Power transmission within the state grid for delivery to the load centre within the state.
3.2.3 Capacity Addition: Transmission Lines
A program for construction of 88,515 ckm transmission lines for evacuation of power from
generating stations as well as for strengthening of transmission network was envisaged at the
beginning of the 11th Plan corresponding to generation capacity addition program of 78,700
MW.
Table 72: Growth of Transmission Lines (Ckm)

At the end of 6th Plan 7th Plan 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan(As on Mar-2012)
±500 kV HVDC
Central 0 0 1,634 3,234 4,368 5,948
State 0 0 0 1,504 1,504 1,504
JV/Private 0 0 0 0 0 1,980
Total 0 0 1,634 4,738 5,872 9,432
765 kV
Central 0 0 0 751 1,775 5,319
State 0 0 0 409 409 411
Total 0 0 0 1,160 2,184 5,730
400 kV
Central 1,831 13,068 23,001 29,345 48,708 75,974
State 4,198 6,756 13,141 20,033 24,730 33,681
JV/Private 0 0 0 0 2,284 8,443
Total 6,029 19,824 36,142 49,378 75,722 11,3367
220 kV
Central 1,641 4,560 6,564 8,687 9,444 11,004
State 44,364 55,071 73,036 88,306 105,185 128,823
JV/Private 0 0 0 0 0 468
Total 46,005 59,631 79,600 96,993 114,629 140,164
Progressive Growth 52,034 79,455 117,376 152,269 198,407 Total# 268,693
Source: CEA
10
Subsequently, during the mid-term appraisal by the Planning Commission, generation capacity
target for the 11th Plan was scaled down to 62,374 MW. Accordingly, 68,673 ckm of
transmission line addition in the 11th Plan was anticipated during Mid-Term appraisal of the
Planning Commission. This comprises 2,773 ckm of 765 kV lines, 40,000 ckm of 400 kV lines,
24,300 ckm for 220 kV lines and 1600 ckm for HVDC lines. Against this program, actual
addition of transmission lines during 11th Plan was 75,148 ckm comprising of 3,546 ckm of 765
kV lines, 3,560 ckm of HVDC lines, 37,645 ckm of 400 kV lines and 25,535 ckm of 220 kV
lines.
During last six Five Year Plans country has added the transmission line at a CAGR of 39%. 11th
Plan has witnessed the largest line addition of 75,148 ckm. Total length up to 11th plan has been
38% more over the cumulative length up to 10th Plan. It is more than 1.62 times of the lines
added during 10th Plan. During last six FYP, transmission lines at the voltage level of 400 kV
and 765 kV have grown at CAGR of 81% & 122% respectively. It indicates more focus towards
higher voltage level in order to minimize the transmission losses. Higher interest in HVDC
projects has been shown to overcome the limitation of AC transmission. In 11th Plan private
players have entered in to this segment.
Figure 59: Trend in Transmission Line Growth
300
268.693
250
198.407
200
('000 Ckm)
152.269
150
117.376
100 79.455
52.034
50
0
6th Plan 7th Plan 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan
11
Transmission lines at the voltage level of 220 kV has shown consistent average growth rate of
25% over last six FYP. Central Transmission Utility (CTU) i.e. Power Grid has made an
impressive addition of more than 12,000 MW in interregional transmission capacity. Hence total
interregional transfer capacity has reached up to 28,000 MW by the end of 11th Plan.
Figure 60: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Transmission Lines
140.164
160
113.367
140
114.629
120
96.993
('000 Ckm)
100
75.722
79.6
59.631
80
49.378
46.005
60
36.142
19.824
40
9.432
6.029
5.872
4.738
5.73
2.184
20
1.634
1.16
0
0
0
0
0
±500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV
India is now looking at linking the transmission system with its neighboring countries Bhutan,
Nepal and Sri Lanka. There are also plans to develop an undersea HVDC transmission link
between Sri Lanka and India.
3.2.4 Capacity Addition: EHV Substations
A program of 157,691 MVA of transformation capacity corresponding to generation capacity

addition program of 78,700 MW was envisaged at the beginning of the 11th Plan. During the
mid-term appraisal by the Planning Commission, no revision in transformation capacity addition
program was indicated. Actual achievement of transformation capacity addition during 11th Plan
clocked at 153,362 MVA comprising of 25,000 MVA at 765 kV level, 3,000 MW of HVDC,
58,085 MVA at 400 kV level and 67,277 MVA at 220 kV level.
12
Table 73: Growth of Substation Capacity (MVA)
At the end of 6th Plan 7th Plan 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan(As on Mar-2012)
±500 kV HVDC
Central 0 0 0 3,500 6,500 9,500
State 0 0 0 1,700 1,700 1,700
JV/Private 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 5,200 8,200 11,200
765 kV
Central 0 0 0 0 0 24,000
State 0 0 0 1,000
Total 0 0 0 0 0 25,000
400 kV
Central 715 6,760 17,340 23,575 40,455 77,225
State 8,615 14,820 23,525 36,805 52,487 73,172
JV/Private 0 0 0 0 0 630
Total 9,330 21,580 40,865 60,380 92,942 151,027
220 kV
Central 500 1,881 2,566 1,866 4,276 6,436
State 36,791 51,861 81,611 113,497 152,221 215,771
JV/Private 0 0 0 0 0 1,567
Total 37,291 53,742 84,177 116,363 156,497 223,774
Progressive Growth 46,621 75,322 125,042 181,943 257,639 Total# 411,001
Source: CEA
During last six FYP, country has added the substation capacity at a CAGR of 54%. Total
capacity up to 11th plan has been 60% more over the cumulative capacity up to 10th Plan.
Figure 61: Trend in Substation Capacity Growth
450
411.001
400
350
('000 MVA)
300
257.639
250
200 181.943
150 125.042
100 75.322
46.621
50
0
13
During the 10th Plan, capacity addition was of 75,696 MVA while in 11th Plan it reached the
record level of 153,362 MVA. It is almost two times of the capacity added during 10th Plan.
Transmission substations at the voltage level of 400 kV and 220 kV have grown at CAGR of
74% & 43% respectively.
Figure 62: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Substation Capacity
223.774
250
200
156.497
151.027
('000 MVA)
116.363
150
92.942
100 84.177
60.38
53.742
40.865
37.291
21.58
50
25
11.2
9.33
8.2
5.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
±500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV
Over a span of five years, involvement of private players in T&D sector has changed from
nascent stage to mature level. In the IPTC & JV route collectively INR 20,000 has been invested
so far. Eight Inter-state transmission projects have been awarded through competitive bidding in
the past few years. On the state level several STUs have awarded projects to private players to
develop Intra-state transmission network.
In the manufacturing/manufacturing cum EPC segment there are more than fifty players in the
market. Further this segment is very broad due to presence of several small, medium & large
manufacturing companies and several medium & large EPC companies in the field. This segment
consists of Indian as well as foreign players and has witnessed a large growth in terms of number
of players and manufacturing capacity.
3.2.5 Performance of Distribution Sector
14
During the 11th Plan, emphasis was on creation of capacity in Sub-transmission & Distribution
system to strengthen the Distribution sector. Emphasis has been given to Metering, Consumer
Indexing, adoption of IT facilities, GIS mapping, modern payment system, HVDS, Rural
franchise etc.
Access to Power for Population of India
As per Census 2001, 80% of the total inhabited villages were electrified and 44% of the rural
households had access to electricity. As on 31st July 2011, total of 96% of the villages of the
country have access to electricity.
Aggregate Technical & Commercial Losses
Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (APDRP) was launched in 2002-03 as an
Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to finance the modernization of sub-transmission &
distribution networks with the main objectives to reduce AT&C losses to 15%. AT&C loss at
national level has been reduced from 38.86% in 2001-02 to 27.15% during 2009-10. While some
states have shown an improvement in AT&C Loss reduction, it is pertinent to note that the
absolute loss levels are still at a higher level with respect to losses and require further efforts for
Figure 63: AT&C Loss: Past Performance and Future Expectations
40
34.8 34.3
35 32.5 33.0
30.6
29.5
30 27.7 27.2
25.2
23.3
Percentage (%)
25
21.5
19.7
20 18.0
15
10
Source: CEA
15
loss reduction.
Revenue Loss (ARR and ACS Gap)
As per the PFC report on ‘Performance of State Power Utilities’ for the year 2009-10 the cash
losses (revenue and subsidy realized basis) of utilities selling power directly to consumers
increased from INR 17,620 Crore in the FY 2007-08 to INR 42,415 Crore in the FY 2009-10.
The cumulative book losses (accrual basis) of the state utilities have increased from INR 79,339
Crore as on 31.03.2009 to INR 106,247 Crore at the end of year 2009-10. Gap between Average
Cost of Supply (ACS) and Average Revenue Realized (ARR) is widening and has increased to
INR 0.73 per unit in 2009-10 from Rs.0.37 per unit in 2007-08 on subsidy realized basis. While
some states have shown improvement in the financial health, others are yet to demonstrate the
impact of the policy initiatives. In order to restore the commercial viability of the distribution
companies it is necessary to eliminate the gap between (ARR) and (ACS).
Mounting of Debt on Utilities
The total borrowings of state DISCOMs have touched INR 177,602 Crore as on 31.03.2010 and
total interest charged from state utilities in year 2009-10 is INR 15,651 Crore. RBI has taken
cognizance of the difficult financial situations of DISCOMs and their attempts to bridge cash
losses by short term borrowings. In order to bridge the gap between revenue and expenditure and
to service interest on borrowing states resort to short-term borrowing and even divert long-term
loans to bridge cash losses. Conversion of existing Government loans to DISCOMs into
Government equity will help cash flow of DISCOMs because now subsidy payable by State
Government is adjusted against interest on loan.
3.2.6 Technological Development
In order to utilize the resources optimally, transmission and distribution network planning has
been moved away from the earlier generation evacuation system planning to integral system
planning. T&D network planning is a continuous process of identification of system addition
requirements, their timing and need. The transmission requirements could arise from
 New generation additions in the system
16
 Increase in demand
 General system strengthening
These transmission addition requirements are identified, studied and firmed through the
transmission planning process. While the predominant technology for electricity transmission
and distribution has been Alternating Current (AC) technology, High Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) technology has also been used for interconnection of all regional grids across the
country and for bulk transmission of power over long distances.
On the distribution end, system automation, implementation of SCADA, GIS, Asset

Management and High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) has attracted the industry. This is
an effort to minimize system losses and energy pilferage which is degrading the financial health
of distribution utilities at a very fast pace. The reforms in distribution sector could arise from
 Increase in demand and new connections

 High system losses
 Replacement of old system
 Lack of new technology in distribution system
 Lack of commercial principles
In order to meet the increasing power demand and address right-of-way (RoW) issue, higher
voltage technology is being adopted for developing transmission infrastructure. PGCIL has tried
to be an early adopter of new technologies and is moving towards higher voltage transmission
systems. It is currently focused on introducing 1,200 kV A/C voltage in the country. In May
2012, PGCIL in collaboration with 35 local and global manufacturers established 1,200 kV ultra
high voltages A/C test station at Bina (Madhya Pradesh) for the development of 1,200kV
equipment at large scale. In HVDC segment, it is implementing world’s longest ±800 kV, 6,000
MW Bi-pole multi terminal link of 2,000 km. It will connect Biswanath Chariyali in the north-
eastern region which is rich in hydro resources; to the Agra in northern region which is a power
deficit region.
Extensive use of Gas Insulated Switchgear substations, SCADA, Compact Tower Design, Phasor
Measurement Units, and Wide Area Measurement System etc is being done.
17
In the distribution segment, implementation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System
(SCADA), Geographical Information System (GIS), Automatic Meter Reading (AMR), Smart
Metering, High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS), Prepaid Metering, 24*7 Customer Care,
DT Metering etc. are under progress.
3.3 Transmission & Distribution Sector in 12th Plan
3.3.1 Envisaged Growth in 12th Plan

Figure 64: Infrastructure Addition in 11th Plan
Identification of transmission expansion

180
requirement for a plan period is done based 160 153.362
140
on power system studies corresponding to 120
the generation capacity addition program ('000) 100
80 70.286
and forecasted demand scenario expected at 60
the end of that plan. Transmission 40
20 8.607
2.197
alternatives are identified after the detailed 0
Transmission Lines (Ckm) Substation Capacity (MVA)
studies based on which the specific schemes
Total Private
are evolved, and re-evolved taking into Source: CEA
account the changes in the generation program from time to time and subsequently discussed and
firmed up.
Figure 65: Structure of T&D Network Planning
18
The implementation program is subsequently worked out keeping in view identification of
projects, schemes and transmission elements that should be implemented matching with program
of generation capacity addition and load growth on yearly basis during the plan.
The 11th Plan fund requirement for the power sector was INR 1,031,600 Crore. The All India
Expenditure in power sector for 11th Plan has been about INR 707,278 Crore. For 12th Plan,
Planning Commission has envisaged an ambitious investment of INR 1,124,600 Crore. This is
9% more than earlier envisaged amount and 59% higher than actual expenditure during 11th Plan.
Table 74: 12th Plan: Investment Layout in Power Sector

Physical Plan Investment (INR) Crore
Generation 75,785 MW 638,600
Transmission 109,440 Ckm; 283,000 MVA 180,000
Distribution System Automation, RAPDRP, RGGVY 306,000
Total 1,124,600
Source: Planning Commission
The total fund requirement for development of Figure 66: Sourcing of Financial Investment
T&D system is estimated to be of the order of
INR 180,000 Crore (INR 100,000 Crore in
Central Sector, INR 55,000 Crore in State Sector
and INR 25,000 Crore in Private Sector).
In the Central Sector, there is no problem of

capital resources for setting up transmission
facilities. However, in the State Sector some of
the STUs require financial support, especially for
building transmission system for renewable
energy sources such as wind, solar and small Source: Planning Commission
hydro. It is proposed that viability gap funding may be provided on case to case basis for
building intra-State transmission system for renewable generation and conventional hydro
stations.
The increase in the transmission lines of 220 kV and above voltage levels, in terms of circuit km,
have been around five times in last 26 years and that for substation capacity more than seven
times in the same period. There has been more increase in the transmission system at higher
19
voltage levels and substation capacities. This aspect of growth in transmission highlights
requirements of transmission network to carry bulk power over longer distances and at the same
time optimize right of way, minimize losses and improve grid reliability.
3.3.2 Addition of Transmission Lines
During 11th Plan, various 765 kV lines and substations have been added and a more are under
construction. The trend of increasing 765 kV systems in the grid is going to continue in the 12th
Plan also. A number of new 765 kV lines and substations have been planned for evacuation of
bulk power in the range of 3,000 - 6,000 MW to longer distances. Their actual realization would
depend upon progress of associated generation projects. The planned 765 kV transmission
systems are expected to be implemented during 12th Plan or early 13th Plan period. Most of the
planned 765 kV systems are initially being operated at 400 kV. Their 765 kV operation depends
upon associated generation projects, which could be in 12th Plan or beyond.
Table 75: Planned addition of Transmission Lines (Ckm) in 12th Plan (2012-2017)
HVDC Bi-pole 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV Total Ckm
9,440 27,000 38,000 35,000 109,440
Source: Ministry of Power
During 12th Plan period, a total of about 109,440 ckm of transmission lines have been planned
for addition. In this, 400 kV lines will dominate over other voltage levels but simultaneously
there is a decrement of 21% contribution than in 11th Plan.
Figure 67: Transmission Line Length (Ckm): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans
60% 57%
56% 500
50% kV/800
kV HVDC
40% 38%
765 kV
34% 35%
30% 32%
400 kV
25%
20%
10% 9%
220 kV
2% 5%
2% 5%
0%
10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan
20
765 kV lines are going to take place of 400 kV lines as there is direct increment of 20% in their
contribution during 12th Plan. Over a period of last three FYP it will achieve a CAGR of 413%
which shows the country’s rapid adoption of higher voltage technology in order to facilitate large
amount of power transmission lines and reducing the need of ‘Right of Way’ requirement.
PGCIL is constructing 11 High Capacity Transmission Corridors (HCTC) to evacuate 80 GW of

generation capacity consisting six UMPPs of 28,000 MW and 55,000 MW for IPPs in coal rich
eastern region and coastal areas. The high capacity corridors entail the construction of 23,000
ckm. 70% of total ckm will be in 765 kV level while 30% in 400 kV level. These ambitious
corridors require estimated fund of INR 58,000 Crore. These projects are scheduled to be
commissioned over next five to seven year of time.
3.3.3 Addition of Substations
During the 12th Plan 270,000 MVA of AC transformation capacity and 13,000 MW of HVDC
substations are planned to be added.
Figure 68: Substation Capacity (MVA): Share of Voltage Level in Different Plans
60%
54% 53%
500 kV/800 kV
50% HVDC
44%
42%
40%
38% 765 kV
30% 27%
400 kV
20%
16%
16%
10% 220 kV
4%
2% 5%
0%
0%
10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan
Contribution of 765 kV substations will achieve robust growth. Just within next five years its
contribution will increase from mere 16% to highest level of 53%. 400 kV substations will see
steep downfall from 38% to only 16%. As the development of substation is to be kept in pace
with corresponding voltage level of transmission lines therefore 765 kV will dominate here too.
21
Table 76: Planned Addition of Substation Capacity in 12th Plan (2012-2017)
HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV Total MVA
13,000 14,9000 45,000 76,000 283,000
Source: Ministry of Power
Timely development of transmission network requires firming up of the specific transmission

schemes corresponding to specific generation projects, which particularly in respect of inter-state
transmission system, need to be done 3 to 5 years ahead of the target date of completion. There
has been a consistent increase in the transmission network and transformation capacity of the
country. This increase is in consonance with increase in generation and demand of electricity in
the country. 11 HCTC under construction require 29 EHV substations aggregating over 60,000
MVA and four HVDC terminals totaling 7,000 MW Capacity.
3.3.4 Development of National Grid: Inter-State Transmission Capacity
Generation planning studies carried out by CEA had indicated that the capacity addition planned
on all-India basis is less than that planned on regional basis. Further, a strong all-India integrated
national grid enables harnessing of unevenly distributed generation resources in the country.
Recognizing the need for development of National grid, thrust was given to enhance the capacity
of inter-regional links in a phased manner.
Figure 69: Cumulative Growth of Inter-State Transmission Capacity (MW)
12th Plan 65,800
11th Plan 28,000
10th Plan 14,050
9th Plan 5,750
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000
Source: CEA
Total Inter-regional transmission capacity by the end of 9th Plan was 5,750 MW. During 10th
Plan i.e. 2002-07, a total of 8,300 MW of capacity was added. At the end of 10 th Plan capacity
reached at 14,050 MW which has crossed the level of 28,000 MW by the end of 11th Plan.
22
Addition of 37,800 MW in 12th Plan has been envisaged to make cumulative capacity to the
mark of 65,800 MW.
It is expected that, at the end of 12th Plan, each region in the country would be connected to an
adjacent region(s) through at least two high capacity synchronous 400 kV or 765 kV lines and a
HVDC Bi-pole/back-to-back link. This would make the National Grid a large, meshed
synchronous transmission grid where all the regional and State grids in them would be
electrically connected and operating at single frequency.
3.3.5 Growth of Distribution Business
Distribution sector has been Figure 70: Growth of T&D Lines below 66 kV
remaining the underperformer 8,000

since late 70s. Various reasons 7,000
7391.599
7094.129
7079.025
6902.117
6580.949
6,000
as described earlier did not let
5725.89
5,000
'000 Ckm
the distribution business run on

4886.8
4,000
4358.297
commercial principles. Now the 3,000
discoms are in the dire need of 2,000

1,000
financial bail out package but it
0
doesn’t seem the long term
solution for sustainable
Source: CEA
development and survival. In the 12th Plan period, certain goals have been set to achieve.
Capacity Addition and Investment
Planning Commission has envisaged the investment of INR 306,235 Crore in distribution sector.
This investment can majorly be further divided in to following category of equipments and
activities.
New Lines: In the 12th Plan, 1,305,000 ckm of new lines are required to be added. In this, share
of LV lines will be 47%, while 11 kV lines and 33 kV will be 43% and 10% respectively. This
will require a sum of INR 92,730 Crore.
New Substations: In the 12th Plan, 4,400 new distribution substations of 33 kV/11 kV voltage
level are to be added. In these substations, 8,800 new power transformers are required to be put
23
in the service which will comprise transformation capacity of 88,000 MVA. The activity will
require a sum of INR 22,000 Crore.
Table 77: Distribution Sector: Network Enhancement in 12th Plan

Physical Financial (INR Crore)
Sr. No. Name of Segment Units
2012-17 2012-17
I New Lines
(i) 33 kV O/H Line Ckm 121,500 9,720
33 kV U/G Cable Ckm 13,500 4,050
Total 33 kV line Ckm 135,000
(ii) 11 kV O/H Line Ckm 448,000 22,400
11 kV U/G Cable Ckm 112,000 22,400
Total 11 kV Line Ckm 560,000
(iii) LV O/H Ckm 488,000 24,400
LV ABC Ckm 122,000 9,760
Total LV Ckm 610,000
II Installation of New S/S
33/11 kV (2*10 MVA) Nos. 4,400 22,000
No. of 10 MVA Transformers Nos. 8,800
Transformation Capacity MVA 88,000
III Installation of DT's Including all Accessories MVA 105,000
1000 KVA Nos. 10,500 1,260
630 KVA Nos. 33,500 3,350
315 KVA Nos. 67,000 4,020
200 KVA Nos. 105,000 5,250
100 KVA Nos. 210,000 8,400
25 KVA Nos. 424,000 8,480
Total No. of DT's Nos. 850,000
IV Augmentation of S/S
33/11 kV MVA 50,000 10,000
11/0.4 kV MVA 50,000 10,000
V Capacitors MVAR 16,000 1,280
VI Service Connections 50,000,000 25,000
VII Re-Conductoring of Lines
(i) 33 kV Ckm 100,000 3,000
(ii) 11 kV Ckm 500,000 10,000
(iii) LV Ckm 1,000,000 20,000
Sub Total 224,770
Productive Load Scheme 61,940
Smart Grid 9,500
IT facilities & SCADA including HRD 10,000
24
R&D 25
Total 306,235
Distribution Transformers: Distribution transformers comprising transformation capacity of

105,000 MVA are to be be added in the 12th Plan. Total number of required transformer will be
850,000 in which DTs of 25 kVA will have largest chunk of 424,000 nos. This is because of
greater focus on rural electrification in which DTs of small capacity are required in large
number. It will require an investment of INR 30,760 Crore.
System Augmentation: Capacity enhancement of existing substations, replacement of old

components and equipment revamping will need an investment of INR 79,280 Crore. It will
comprise substation’s transformation capacity enhancement, installation of capacitors, expenses
due to new service connections, re-conductoring of distribution line etc.
IT Implementation: With increased focus on IT implementation in distribution system, a sum of

INR 81,465 Crore has been planned for investment. This is to enhance the operational and
commercial performance of the distribution utilities.
Reduction of AT&C Losses
It has been the most focused activity for last ten years in the Indian power distribution industry.
Still, expected results have not been received in last ten years. For the next five years, Planning
Commission is very optimistic in terms of AT&C loss reduction from a current level to 18% by
the end of FY 2014-15.
Table 78: AT&C Losses: Projected Performance

Region State 2009-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15
Input Energy AT&C Loss
(MU) (%)
Bihar 9,281 43.92 40.92 37.92 34.92 31.92 28.92

Jharkhand 8,396 10.43 8.93 7.43 5.93 4.43 2.93
Orissa
Eastern CESCO 6,232 39.99 36.99 33.99 30.99 27.99 26.49
NESCO 4,705 36.68 33.68 30.68 27.68 26.18 24.58
SESCO 2,286 51.01 48.01 45.01 42.01 39.01 36.01
WESCO 6,301 37.58 34.58 31.58 28.58 27.08 25.58
25
Sikkim 512 51.37 48.37 45.37 42.37 39.37 36.37
WB 25,427 33.24 30.24 27.24 25.74 24.24 22.74
AP 670 52.99 49.99 46.99 43.99 40.99 37.99
Assam 4,392 29.03 27.53 26.03 24.53 23.03 21.53
North Manipur 454 48.02 45.02 42.02 39.02 36.02 33.02
East Meghalaya 1,342 48.73 45.73 42.73 39.73 36.73 33.73
Mizoram 320 39.06 36.06 33.06 30.06 28.56 27.06
Nagaland 385 45.97 42.97 39.97 36.97 33.97 30.97
Tripura 672 29.17 27.67 24.67 21.67 18.67 15.67
Delhi
BRPL 9,667 19.83 18.33 16.83 15.33 13.83 12.33
BYPL 5,645 28.63 27.13 25.63 24.13 22.63 21.13
NDPL 6,910 15.69 14.19 12.69 11.19 9.69 8.19
Haryana
DHBVNL 15,884 28.1 26.6 25.1 23.6 22.1 20.6
UHBVNL 15,211 29.91 28.41 26.91 25.41 23.91 22.41
HP 6,806 18.47 16.97 15.47 13.97 12.47 10.97
J&K 9,813 70.45 67.45 64.45 61.45 58.45 55.45
Punjab 38,806 17.73 16.23 14.73 13.23 11.73 10.23
Northern Rajasthan
AVVNL 12,345 33.04 30.04 27.04 22.04 21.04 18.04
JDVVNL 12,820 31.51 28.51 25.51 22.51 19.51 16.51
JVVNL 16,286 26.69 25.19 23.69 22.19 20.69 19.19
UP
DVVNL 13,143 49.62 46.62 43.62 40.62 37.62 34.62
MVVNL 9,653 28.72 27.22 25.72 24.22 22.72 21.22
PaVVNL 17,766 27.92 26.42 24.92 23.42 21.92 20.42
PoVVNL 12,783 54.46 51.46 48.46 45.46 42.46 39.46
KESCO 2,722 37.36 34.36 31.36 28.36 26.86 25.36
Uttaranchal 8,280 33.53 30.53 27.53 24.53 21.53 18.53
AP
APCPDCL 31,933 17.93 16.43 14.93 13.43 11.93 10.43
APEPDCL 10,814 9.69 8.19 6.69 5.19 3.69 2.19
APNPDCL 10,464 18.52 17.02 15.52 14.02 12.52 11.02
APSPDCL 15,300 16.63 15.13 13.63 12.13 10.63 9.13
Karnataka
Southern BESCOM 20,317 21.1 19.6 18.1 16.6 15.1 13.6
GESCOM 5,764 38.05 35.05 32.05 29.05 27.55 26.05
HESCOM 7,402 28.51 27.01 25.51 24.01 22.51 21.01
MESCOM 3,274 18.39 16.89 15.39 13.89 12.39 10.89
CHESCOM 4,245 28.22 26.72 25.22 23.72 22.22 20.72
Kerala 16,129 14.89 13.39 11.89 10.39 8.89 7.39
Pondicherry 2,527 19.35 17.85 16.35 14.85 13.35 11.85
Tamil Nadu 66,974 20.15 18.65 17.15 15.65 14.15 12.65
Western Chhattisgarh 18,476 37.98 34.98 31.98 28.98 27.48 25.98
26
Goa 2,962 7.77 6.27 4.77 3027 1.77 0.27
Gujarat
DGVCL 10,565 15.23 13.73 12.23 10.73 9.23 7.73
MGVCL 6,727 15.27 13.77 12.27 10.77 9.27 7.77
PGVCL 19,858 32.34 30.84 29.34 27.84 26.34 24.84
UGVCL 14,891 18.89 17.39 15.89 14.39 12.89 11.39
MP
MPMKVVC 10,563 42.26 39.26 36.26 33.26 30.26 27.26
L
MPPKVVCL 12,705 36.16 33.16 30.16 28.66 27.16 25.66
MPPUKVVC 9,632 46.11 43.11 40.11 37.11 34.11 31.11
L
Maharashtra
MSEDCL 80,526 25.02 23.52 22.02 20.52 19.02 17.52
Grand Total 667,963 27.15 25.23 23.31 21.48 19.73 17.99
27
CHAPTER – 4
INDIAN ELECTRICAL T&D EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY
4.1 Industry Scenario
Transmission and Distribution sector encompasses more than hundred major, medium and small
equipments and components. From application point of view it can divide broadly in two
sections. Indian T&D equipment industry consist of variety of products. Today the industry’s
size is estimated at INR 64,072 Crore.
Table 79: Transmission & Distribution Equipments

Transmission Line Components Substation Components
1 Conductors Circuit Breaker
2 Transmission Towers Isolator
3 Insulators Current Transformer
4 Wave Trap Potential Transformer
5 Auto Re-Closer Lighting Arrester
6 Vibration Damper Bus Bar
7 Corona Rings Control Panels
8 Other Accessories Relays
9 Capacitor Bank
10 Battery Bank
11 Metering Instruments
Figure 71: Growth of (All) T&D Equipments Industry in India

64,072
90,000
80,000
60,105
70,000
52,863
47,496
45,730
60,000
INR Crore
38,920
50,000
40,000
24,300
18,020
30,000
12,105
10,200
9,660
20,000
7,415
10,000
0
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Source: IEEMA
28
The T&D equipment market has registered a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.7%,
from INR 7,400 Crore in 2000-2001 to INR 64,072 Crore in 2011-12. This growth has been
driven by increased generation capacity addition and subsequent need to augment the T&D
network.
Figure 72: Growth of Major T&D Equipments in India
Rotating Machines Switchgear Cables Transformers Capacitors Energy Meters Transmission Lines Total
34.9
25.7
21.2
16.9
15.4
14.5
13.7
13.5
13.5
13.3
12.2
12.1
11.3
11.3
10.7
9.2
9.1
6.6
6.1
4.4
4
2.7
2.6
1.2
1
0
-0.8
-1.2
-1.8
-2.4
-3.5
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

-8.2
Source: IEEMA
Growth rate of the Indian electrical equipment industry has decelerated to 6.6% in 2011-12 as
compared to 11.3% and 13.7% in 2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively. Imports of electrical
equipment have grown in the past five years at a CAGR of 28.28%. Current export-import trends
based on 27 major ports trade data indicates that imports continue to rise for 765 kV transformers
& reactors (mostly through power project imports), insulators, LV switchgear and HV cables.
Total Imports of 765 kV transformers & reactors in 2011-12 were INR 1,229 Crores; in the last
quarter (Q4) 2011-12, imports sharply increased by 125% (INR 687 Crores) over the combined
total of the first three quarters (INR 542 Crores).
29
4.2 Cable & Conductor
4.2.1 Cable
Cables are used when underground transmission or Figure 73: Cable

distribution is required. These cables are laid in ducts or
may be buried in the ground. Unlike in overhead lines,
air does not form part of the insulation, and the conductor
must be completely insulated. Thus cables are much
more costly than overhead lines. Cable consists of core
that is made of copper. For insulation purpose, different
type of material & medium are used. It depends upon the
level of voltage to transmitting power.
4.2.2 Types of Cable
High voltage cables are generally single cored, and hence have their separate insulation and
mechanical protection by sheaths. In the older paper insulated cables, the sheath was of extruded
lead.
Paper Insulated Power Cables
The insulation consists mainly of paper tape impregnated with compound. The paper must be
free from ligneous fibers and from metallic or other conducting spots. The compound with
which the paper is insulated should be of such a consistency that it is plastic at ordinary
temperatures, and has no tendency to drain away from the cable.
The impregnating compound varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but they all are based on
paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil, with resin frequently added to lower the viscosity and to
improve its impregnating qualities. The paper is made from Manila fiber or wood pulp.
Three-Core Belted Type Cables
In the case of a 3-core cable, the 3-cores are individually insulated with paper insulation. The
filler space between the core insulation is also filled up with insulation, but depriving these of
30
voids is much more difficult. Belt insulation is used on Figure 74: Cross Sectional View of Three
Core Belted Cable
top of all three core insulations, and the lead sheath is
extruded over this. Over the lead sheath, there is
generally bitumen to prevent damage.
Pressurized High Voltage Cables
 Oil Pressure Cables

 Gas Pressure Cables
These are used for extra high voltage transmission.
4.2.3 Conductor
A conductor is a material that facilitates the flow of electricity Figure 75: Aluminum Conductor
(or electric current) through a transmission line. Different types
of conductor are used in transmission lines. They vary in
number and size, depending on the type of circuit and the
transmission voltage. Steel, Aluminium and copper are the
most common conducting materials used in transmission lines.
4.2.4 Types of Conductor
Broadly two types of conductors ACSR (Aluminium Core Steel Reinforced) and ACAR
(Aluminium Core, Alloy Reinforced) are used.
Aluminum Core Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
In an ACSR conductor, a stranded steel core carries the Figure 76: ACSR Conductor
mechanical load, and layers of stranded aluminium
surrounding the core carry the current. ACSR conductors
are usually used for high-voltage transmission lines. Steel
strands forms central core which is surrounded by two
layers of aluminum strands. For a given resistance
conductors of different strengths can be made by taking
31
different properties of steel and aluminum areas. The steel core does not contribute to conduction
of current practically. The current carrying capacity and resistance of this conductor is dependent
on conductivity of aluminum.
Aluminum Core, Alloy Reinforced (ACAR)
An ACAR conductor is a stranded cable made of an aluminium alloy with low resistance and
high mechanical strength. The central core is made up from aluminum alloy which is surrounded
by layers of aluminum conductors. The conductivity is better and strength to weight ratio is equal
to ACSR conductor having same diameter. As compared to ACSR conductor, ACSR conductor
is smaller in size and lower in weight for the same electrical capacity. ACAR conductors are
used for sub transmission and distribution lines.
4.2.5 Competitor Analysis
Table 80: Sterlite Technologies Limited

Year of Establishment 2006-2007
 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
 Transmission Tower Manufacturing
Products/Services  Commissioning and Testing of Transmission Lines & Substation
 Power Conductor and Cable Manufacturing
Leading Product/Service
Infrastructure  Mfg Unit: 4
Annual Turnover
 INR 2,317 Crore and INR 2,432 Crore
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  Indigenous
 Across 70 countries such as: China, Denmark, India, Netherlands, Russia, South
Global Footprints
Africa, Taiwan, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA
 Various SEBs across India
Indian Clientele
 Private companies in Power T&D field
Certification ISO 9001-2000, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, NABL
Table 81: JSK Industries Pvt. Limited

Year of Establishment 1965
Nature of Business  Manufacturing
Products/Services  Power Conductors
Leading Product/Service  Aluminum Conductor
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 2
32
Annual Turnover
 INR 763 Crore and INR 498 Crore
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Global Footprints  Dubai
 Various SEBs such as: MPPTCL, GETCO, LPTCL, MAHATRANSCO, TNEB
 PSUs: PGCIL, BHEL
Indian Clientele
 Private companies such as: ABB, L&T Ltd, Torrent Power, Suzlon Energy,
EMI Transmission, Essar Power
Certification ISO 9001-2008
Table 82: Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
 Transformer Manufacturing
Products/Services
 Commissioning and Testing of Transmission Lines & Substation
 LV Cable: 34,300 kmpa
 HV Cable: 5,800 kmpa
Production Capacity
 EHV Cable: 2,000 kmpa
 Tower Manufacturing: 48,000 tpa
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Global Footprints  New-Zealand, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Israel
 Various SEBs of states such as: Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan,
Karnataka, MP, Maharashtra, Punjab, UP, West Bengal
Indian Clientele  PSUs: PGCIL, BHEL, BHEL, NTPC, PGCIL, SAIL
 Private companies such as: ABB, L&T Ltd, EMCO, CGL, Enercon, Suzlon
Energy, Kalpataru Power Transmission, Jindal, Essar Power
Certification ISO 9001-2008, ERDA, CPRI, BIS, BSI, DIN, IEC, ASTM
Table 83: Deepak Cables (India) Limited

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business  EPC
 Turnkey Projects
Products/Services
 Erection, Commissioning and Testing of Transmission Lines & Substation
Leading Product/Service  Power Conductor and Cable Manufacturing
33
Infrastructure  Mfg Unit: 2
 Aluminum Conductor: 36,000 tpa
Production Capacity
 Aluminum Wire Rods: 18,000 tpa
Indian Clientele  Central utilities
Table 84: KEC International

 Manufacturing
 Services
 Power Cable
Products/Services
 Infrastructure Development (Railways, Oil & Gas, Construction)
 Power Cable
Leading Product/Service  Transmission Tower Manufacturing
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 6 (India) + 2 (Abroad)
Production Capacity  Tower Manufacturing: 311,000 tpa
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
 Across 40 countries spread over Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, North
Global Footprints America;
 Manufacturing in Brazil and Mexico
 Government utilities such as: WBSEDCL, MSEDCL, PGCIL, NHPC,
Indian Clientele MAHATRANSCO, J&K Power Development
Certification ISO 9001:2000, CPRI, ISO, BIS
4.2.6 Financial Analysis
Table 85: Competitor Performance

2010-2011 (Figures in Crore)
Sr No Company Name
ATO (V) Op Ex (W) Raw Mat. Cost (X) EBIDTA (Y) PAT (Z)
INR INR INR X/W INR Y/V INR Z/V
Sterlite Technologies
1 2,317 1,995 1,585 79% 320 14% 185 8%
Limited
34
JSK Industries Pvt.
2 763 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Limited
Diamond Power
3 Infrastructure Limited 1,285 1,149 1,098 95% 159 12% 98 8%
(Conductor)
4 KEC International 4,057 3,593 2,172 60% 463 11% 275 7%
4.2.7 Industry Performance
Table 86: Performance of Cable & Transmission Line Industry
Weight Industry Size

Name of the Equipment YoY % Change
(%) (INR Crore)
2010-11 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Cables 25.8 15,510 4.4 12.1 16.9 25.7
PVC Power Cables 17.9 9,710 14.3 14.5 9 17.4
Control & Special Purpose Cables 7.9 4,300 -26.6 2.4 34.3 44.5
Transmission Lines 23.4 14,070 13.5 9.2 4 -0.8
Transmission Line Towers 12.6 6,600 6.5 19 6.8 -5.2
Conductors 10.8 5,670 21.3 0.2 -0.8 4.3
Source: IEEMA
The Indian cable industry is highly fragmented with hundreds of cable manufacturing
companies; a larger total than can be found in any other country in the world except China. Many
of these Indian companies are small-scale cable producers. The 6.6% growth seen in the overall
electrical equipment industry during FY12 was largely driven by remarkable performance of the
cables industry. It grew by 25.7% in FY12, which came over and above the 16.9% rise in FY11.
In fact, growth in the cables industry has been steadily inching up from 4.4% in FY09. The
cables industry has grown appreciably in size. In FY11, the cables industry was estimated to be
worth INR 15,510 Crore. With changing specifications, kilometers are not the sole barometer to
judge the growth of the industry. Though there seems a slight volume growth in the industry, the
same is mandate due to increase in commodity prices. The weight age of cable industry is about
25.8% of the overall electrical industry. The growth of HV & EHV cable industry was mainly
due to acceleration in implementation to the ongoing and new projects in the pipeline. In year
2010-2011, the total production of LV, PVC & XLPE power cables was about 2.65 lakh km both
in organized & unorganized sector, amounting to an increase over previous year by 12.7%.
35
While PVC & XLPE power cables (3.3 kV- 33 kV), the production was about 24,200 km which
is an increase over the previous year by 6.6%.
Table 87: Strategic Analysis
About 1000 km of Power cables above 33 kV was produced in this fiscal an increase of about
33%. The estimated industry size in 2010-11 for power cables is INR 9710 Crore, an increase of
25% over the previous year 2009-2010.
4.2.8 Market Prospects
36
Cable industry has emerged as most consistent and fastest growing market in last five years. This
trend is expected to continue in future also. One of the best positive aspects with the cable
industry is that all three verticals of power sector i.e. generation, transmission and distribution
are the demand drivers for cable industry.
Figure 77: Cable Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
45,000
40,000
38,394
35,000
33,528
30,000
INR Crore
29,278
25,000
25,567
20,000
22,326
15,000 19,496
15,510
13,268
10,000
11,836
11,337
5,000
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Source: IEEMA
In the 11th Plan cable industry has grown at a CAGR of 14.5%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has
envisaged this market size of INR 37,000 Crore.
Figure 78: Conductor Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
9,000
8,000
7,875
7,000
7,437
7,023
6,632
6,000
6,263
5,914
INR Crore
5,716
5,704
5,670
5,000
4,703
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Source: IEEMA
While being optimistic, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of INR 38,394 Crore.
37
Conductor industry has not witnessed a good growth rate over last five years. CAGR in 11th Plan
has been 5.9% with fluctuating performance.
Major users of power cables are Figure 79: Cable & Conductor: Export Trend
broadly classified into:

3,500
3,126
 Power sector: Central, State and 3,000

2,515
2,500
Private electricity utilities 2,049 2,021
INR Crore
2,000 1,723
 Major industries like: 1,500
Petrochemicals, Mining, 1,000
Steel/Metallurgical, Ship building, 500
Engineering, Cement, Railway, 0

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Defense etc.
Source: Ministry of Commerce
Many overseas cable companies are looking at Indian market as the upcoming market for HV &
EHV cables. Considering the strong domestic demand for cables in the power sector, overseas
cable manufacturing giants have entered into market through joint ventures with Indian cable
manufacturers for manufacturing EHV cables and special types of cables.
Major imports of HV/EHV cables are from Thailand, China, Germany, Switzerland and Korea
whereas export destinations are UK, UAE, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Oman.
4.3 Transmission Tower
The electric power system can be divided into transmission, sub-transmission, and distribution
systems. With operating voltages less than 33 kV, the distribution system carries energy from the
local substation to individual households, using both overhead and underground lines.
Table 88: Voltage Segmentation of Power System

Generation 11kV, 15.5kV, 22kV etc.
Transmission
 Transmission Lines HVAC: 765kV, 400kV, 220kV; HVDC: 500kV, 800 kV
 Sub-Transmission lines 132kV, 110kV, 66kV
Distribution 33kV, 22kV, 11kV, 6.6kV, 440 Volts, 220Volts
38
With operating voltages of 66 kV, 132 kV Figure 80: Transmission Tower
and up to 220 kV the sub-transmission
system distributes energy within an entire
district and regularly uses overhead lines.
With operating voltage exceeding 220
kV, the transmission system
interconnects generating stations and
large substations located close to load
centers by using overhead lines.
4.3.1 Types of Transmission Tower
Overhead transmission lines distribute

the majority of the electric energy in the
system. A typical HVAC line has three phase conductors to carry the current and transport the
energy, and two grounded shield conductors to protect the line from direct lightning strikes. The
usually bare conductors are insulated from the supporting towers by insulators attached to
grounded towers or poles. Lower-voltage lines use post insulators, while the high-voltage lines
are built with insulator chains or long-rod composite insulators. The normal distance between the
supporting towers is a few hundred feet. Transmission lines are subject to environmental
adversities, including wide variations of temperature, high winds, and ice and snow deposits.
Typically designed to withstand environmental stresses occurring once every 50–100 years, lines
are intended to operate safely in adverse conditions.
A distinction is made between the anchor towers and the intermediate towers of a power
transmission line. The rigid and strong construction of the anchoring towers is intended to
withstand considerable stresses caused by tension in the lines. Anchor towers are installed at the
beginning and end of a power transmission line, at turns, and at points where the line passes over
water or through mountains. Intermediate towers are not as strongly constructed, serving mainly
to support the power lines and cables along straight sections.
39
The transmission towers are usually made from steel and galvanized steels. Aluminum is also
used as construction material for transmission lines. Type of the transmission towers used in a
circuit depends mainly on following factors.
Figure 81: Waist Type Tower
 Working voltage level
 Amount of power
 Wind speed profile in the zone
 Physical environment
 Availability of RoW (Right of Way)
Waist Type Tower
This is the most common type of transmission tower. It's used for voltages ranging from 110 to
735 kV. Because they're easily assembled, these towers are suitable for power lines that cross
very uneven terrain. But this type of tower requires large RoW for single circuit.
Double Circuit Tower Figure 82: Double Circuit Tower
Both tubular and lattice steel towers can be designed so

as to support either one or two circuits of electrical
current. Double-circuit towers hold the different
conductors stacked atop one another, while in single-
circuit towers the conductors are lined up horizontally.
This small-footprint tower is used for voltages ranging
from 110 to 315 kV. Its height ranges from 25 to 60
meters.
Steel Tubular Pole
Featuring a streamlined, aesthetic shape, this structure is

less massive than other towers, allowing it to blend easily
into the environment. Therefore, it's being used more and
more in urban centre. Measuring between 27 and 45
meters in height, it's suitable for voltages ranging from
Figure 83: Steel Tubular Pole
40
110 to 315 kV.
Guyed-V Tower
Figure 84: Guyed-V Tower
This tower is designed for voltages ranging from 230 to
735 kV. It is more economical than the double-circuit and
waist-type towers. These towers have also been used by
the transmission companies in cases where more space is
available. These are simple, easy and cheaper to install.
The guyed towers also require less time for installation.
The main disadvantage is that these towers require more
space due to presence of guy wires.
Table 89: Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
 Tower Manufacturing
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
 Across 31 countries such as: Ethiopia, Algeria, Vietnam, UAE, South Africa,
Global Footprints Nigeria, Kenya, Kuwait, Philippines, Syria, Mexico, Thailand, Abu Dhabi,
USA, Canada, Peru
Indian Clientele  PGCIL, GETCO, Essar Power, MSETCL, TNEB, WBSEB, ADANI Power
Table 90: IVRCL

Products/Services
41
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Global Footprints  Across 45 countries world wide
 Government utilities such as: BHEL, NTPC, ONGC, NPCIL, BPCL, IOCL,
PGCIL, AAI, Indian Railways, Ministry of Defense, Konkan Railway,
Indian Clientele MSETCL, HVPNL
 Private companies such as: BITS, DLF, Telco Construction Equipment
Company Ltd, Tata Projects Ltd, JSPL, Tata Docomo, Tata Cummins
Certification ISO 9001:2000, IS
Table 91: KEC International

 Manufacturing
 Services
 Power Cable
Products/Services
Leading Product/Service  Power Cable
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 6 (India) + 2 (Abroad)
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
 Across 40 countries spread over Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, North
Global Footprints America;
 Manufacturing in Brazil and Mexico
 Government utilities such as: WBSEDCL, MSEDCL, PGCIL, NHPC,
Indian Clientele MAHATRANSCO, J&K Power Development
 Various private companies
Certification ISO 9001:2000, CPRI, ISO, BIS
Table 92: Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
42
 Transformer Manufacturing
Products/Services
 Tower Manufacturing: 48,000 tpa
 LV Cable: 34,300 kmpa
Production Capacity
 HV Cable: 5,800 kmpa
 EHV Cable: 2,000 kmpa
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Global Footprints  New-Zealand, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Israel
 Various SEBs of states such as: Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan,
Karnataka, MP, Maharashtra, Punjab, UP, West Bengal;
Indian Clientele  PSUs: PGCIL, BHEL, BHEL, NTPC, PGCIL, SAIL
 Private companies such as: ABB, L&T Ltd, EMCO, CGL, Enercon, Suzlon
Energy, Kalpataru Power Transmission, Jindal, Essar Power
Certification ISO 9001-2008, ERDA, CPRI, BIS, BSI, DIN, IEC, ASTM
Table 93: Jyoti Structures Limited

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
Products/Services  Conductor Manufacturing
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 2 (India) + 1 (Dubai)
 Tower Manufacturing: 110,000 tpa (India) + 50,000 tpa (Dubai)
Production Capacity
 Conductor Manufacturing: 2,500 ckm per annum
Annual Turnover
(2011-2012 and 2010-11)
 Presence across 40 countries such as: Australia, Chile, Canada, Ethiopia, Egypt,
Global Footprints France, Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Philippines, Peru,
Qatar, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, UAE, Uganda etc.
 Various Transcos in country
Indian Clientele
 PSUs: PGCIL & NTPC
Certification ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, OHSAS 18001:2007
Table 94: Gammon India Ltd

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
43
 Engineering & Design
 Infrastructure
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Global Footprints  Afghanistan, Kenya, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Sri Lanka, Oman
 Various state such as: Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Govt. of West Bengal
 DMRC, GAIL, PGCIL, NTPC, NHPC, NPCIL, NHAI, SJVNL
Indian Clientele
 Private companies such as: Godrej Properties, Municipal Corporation of
Amritsar
Table 95: Unitech Power Transmission Ltd

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
Products/Services
 Commissioning and Testing of T&D Lines & Substations
Average Annual Turnover  INR 1,500 Crore
Global Footprints  Nepal, Korea, Sudan, Finland, Spain, France, Libya, Germany,
 PSUs: PGCIL, NTPC
Indian Clientele
 Private companies such as: Tata Power, Fortrum, Hyundai, Inabensa, Alstom,
Seimens
Certification ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004
Table 96: Aster Private Ltd

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
Products/Services
 Afghanistan, Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India,
Global Footprints
Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nepal, Cameroon, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar,
44
Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, UAE, Yemen
 Various State Transcos such as: MSETCL, APTRANSCO, GETCO, MSEDCL,
OPTCL, UPPTCL, KPTCL, MPPTCL, HVPTNL, KSEB, RRVPNL
Indian Clientele  PSUs: PGCIL & NTPC
 Private players such as: Alstom, Siemens, ABB, TATA, Lanco, L&T, Sterlite,
KSK, JSPL, Vijay Electricals, EMC Limited, ECI, Deepak Cables
Table 97: Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
 Infrastructure Development (Railways, Construction)
 Government utilities such as: PGCIL, RRVPNL, KPTCL, GEB, OSEB, HPEB;
 Other players such as Kalindee Rail Nirman, SIEMENS Ltd, KEC International,
Indian Clientele
Hindustan Zinc Ltd, Tata Projects Ltd, Techno Electric & engineers Co. Ltd,
Nepal Electricity Supply Co.
Certification ISO 9001:2000

Sr No Company Name
Kalpataru Power
1 2,874 2,497 1,277 51% 377 13% 149 5%
Transmission Ltd
2 IVRCL 5,659 NA NA NA 523 9% 158 3%
3 KEC International 4,057 3,593 2,172 60% 463 11% 275 7%
Diamond Power
4 1,285 1,149 1,098 95% 159 12% 98 8%
Infrastructure Ltd
5 Jyoti Limited 2,647 2,376 1,431 60% 271 10% 61 2.3%
6 Gammon India Ltd+ 5,636 5,297 1,488 28% 339 6% 184 3.3%
7 SPML 1,219 1104 420 38% 115 10% 25 2%
8 ICSA 1,406 1,115 1,011 90% 291 20% 118 8%
+
Revenue from all businesses
45
Table 99: Performance of Transmission Line Industry

(%) (INR Crore)
2010-11 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Transmission Lines 23.4 14,070 13.5 9.2 4 -0.8
Transmission Line Towers 12.6 6,600 6.5 19 6.8 -5.2
Conductors 10.8 5,670 21.3 0.2 -0.8 4.3
Source: IEEMA
This important segment (having a weight of 23.4 per cent in the total industry in FY11) has been
on a downturn over the past four years.
46
Growth in this industry has consistently decreasing from 13.5 per cent in FY09 to 4 per cent in
FY11. It has further declined to -5.2% in FY12. Transmission line manufacturing sector has its
own issues. Some of them are as under.
 Fiscal performance of state transcos and discoms continues to be poor with little or no funds
for planned investment.
 Poor credit-worthiness of state utilities is leading to lack of payment security for private
investors.
 Procedural delays for both public & private projects and long time taken for the entire
bidding process.
 Lack of coordination in transmission planning and implementation activity.
 Commercial conditions such as unrealistic terms of payment, non-availability of price
variation clauses often lead imbalance in price levels.
The decline in growth of tower industry has led the manufacturing facilities to operate on 67%
capacity utilization only.
Tower manufacturing capacity is a mature enough industry in the country. It has been showing
fluctuating performance for last five years. Still future of this segment is bright due to adoption
of higher voltage for power transmission.
Figure 85: Tower Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
9,000
8,000
8,545
8,028
7,000
7,543
7,087
6,659
6,000
6,600
6,257
6,180
INR Crore
5,000
5,193
4,876
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Source: IEEMA
47
This factor is the main growth driver of this industry which needs more testing facility of
transmission towers. Apart from it, PGCIL’s aggressive planning to invest INR 100,000 Crore
for line addition in 12th Plan is being considered as leading demand driver. It is worth to note that
PGCIL’s investment during 11th Plan was INR 55,000 Crore while in the 12th Plan this amount
would be around INR 100,000 Crore.
In the 11th Plan this industry has grown at a CAGR of 6.4%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has
envisaged this market size of INR 18,038 Crore. While looking at the past trend, this industry is
expected to grow up to the size of INR 8,545 Crore in next five years.
4.4 Switchgear & Control Instruments
Switchgears are integral component at

every Figure 86: Switchgear: Circuit Breaker
switching point in power systems. Basic function
of switchgear in power system is the measurement
and protection from short circuits and overload fault
currents while simultaneously providing service
continuously to unaffected circuits while avoiding the
creation of an electrical hazard. Switchgear power
system also provides important isolation of various circuits from different power supplies for
safety issues.
4.4.1 Constituents of Switchgear

Figure 87: Oil Circuit Breaker
There are many different types and classifications
of switchgear power systems to meet a variety of
different needs. On the basis of different application,
theses are classified accordingly.
Oil Circuit Breaker (OCB)
The oil in OCBs serves two purposes. It insulates

between the phases and between the phases &
ground, and it provides the medium for the
extinguishing of the arc. When electric arc is drawn under oil, the arc vaporizes the oil and
48
creates a large bubble that surrounds the arc. The gas inside the bubble is around 80% hydrogen,
which impairs ionization. The decomposition of oil into gas requires energy that comes from the
heat generated by the arc. The oil surrounding the bubble conducts the heat away from the arc
and thus also contributes to deionization of the arc. Main disadvantage of the oil circuit breakers
is the flammability of the oil, and the maintenance necessary to keep the oil in good condition
(i.e. changing and purifying the oil).
Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB)

Figure 88: Voltage Circuit Breaker
In this breaker, vacuum is being used as the arc quenching
medium. Vacuum offers highest insulating strength; it has
far superior arc quenching properties than any other
medium. When contacts of a breaker are opened in
vacuum, the interruption occurs at first current zero with
dielectric strength between the contacts building up at a
rate thousands of times that obtained with other circuit
breakers. It consists of fixed contact, moving contact and
arc shield mounted inside a vacuum chamber. The movable member is connected to the control
mechanism by stainless steel bellows .This enables the permanent sealing of the vacuum
chamber so as to eliminate the possibility of leak. A glass vessel or ceramic vessel is used as the
outer insulating body. The arc shield prevents the deterioration of the internal dielectric strength
by preventing metallic vapors falling on the inside surface of the outer insulating cover.
VCB are used for outdoor applications ranging from 22 kV to 66 kV. These are suitable for
majority of applications in rural area.
Gas Circuit Breaker
In this circuit breaker, Sulphar Hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as the arc quenching medium.
The SF6 gas is an electro negative gas and has a strong tendency to absorb free electrons. The
contacts of the breaker are opened in a high pressure flow of SF6 gas and an arc is struck
between them. The conducting free electrons in the arc are rapidly captured by the gas to form
relatively immobile negative ions. This loss of conducting electrons in the arc quickly builds up
49
Figure 89: Gas Circuit Breaker
enough insulation strength to extinguish the arc.
The SF6 circuit breakers are very effective for high power
and high voltage service.
Advantages of Gas Circuit Breaker
 Due to superior arc quenching property of SF6, such

breakers have very short arcing time
 Dielectric strength of SF6 gas is 2 to 3 times that of air, such breakers can interrupt much
larger currents
 Gives noiseless operation due to its closed gas circuit
 Closed gas enclosure keeps the interior dry so that there is no moisture problem
 There is no risk of fire as SF6 is non inflammable
 There are no carbon deposits
 Low maintenance cost, light foundation requirements and minimum auxiliary equipment
Disadvantages of Gas Circuit Breaker
 High cost of SF6

 SF6 gas has to be reconditioned after every operation of the breaker, additional equipment is
required for this purpose
Instrument Transformers
Instrument transformers are used for measurement and protective application, together with
equipment such as meters and relays. It is also a part of switchgear family. Their role in electrical
systems is of primary importance as they are a means of "stepping down" the current or voltage
of a system to measurable values, such as 5A or 1A in the case of a current transformers and
110V or 100V in the case of a voltage transformer. This offers the advantage that measurement
and protective equipment can be standardized on a few values of current and voltage. Current
transformers, together with Voltage Transformers (VT) (or Potential Transformers (PT)), are
known as instrument transformers.
Current Transformers
50
When current in a circuit is too high to directly Figure 90: Current Transformer
apply to measuring instruments, a current
transformer produces a reduced current accurately
proportional to the current in the circuit, which can
be conveniently connected to measuring and
recording instruments. A current transformer also
isolates the measuring instruments from what may
be very high voltage in the monitored circuit.
Current transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the electrical
power industry.
Voltage Transformers
When voltage level of a circuit is too high to Figure 91: Voltage Transformer
directly apply to measuring instruments, a voltage
transformer produces a stepped down voltage level
accurately proportional to the voltage level of the
circuit, which can be conveniently connected to
measuring and recording instruments. A voltage
transformer also isolates the measuring instruments
from what may be very high voltage in the
monitored circuit. Voltage (Potential) transformers are commonly used in metering and
protective relays in the electrical power industry.
Table 101: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Oil & Gas
 R&D
 Power Transformers
 Switchgear
Products/Services
 BTG Sets
 BOP
51
Leading Product/Service  BTG Sets
 Switchgear
 Mfg unit: 15
Infrastructure  Business office: 15
 Service centre: 8
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
 Siemens AG Germany
 Germany ABB
Technology Sourcing  Switzerland
 General Electric
 USA
Global Footprints  More than 70 countries
 Power Utilities, Oil & Gas Sector, Mining Sector, Indian Railways, EPC
Indian Clientele
Contractors, Cement Industry, Steel Industry
Certification ASME, API
Table 102: Siemens India Limited

Year of Establishment 1956-57 (In India)
 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
 Network Protection & Control
Products/Services  System Automation & Robotics
 Electric Motors & Alternators
 Substation Erection
 Consumer Products
Leading Product/Service  Switchgear
 System Automation
 Mfg unit: 8
Infrastructure  Sales offices: 19
 R&D center: 10
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  Indigenous technology
Indian Clientele
Certification IEC, ANSI, IEEE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
52
Table 103: ABB Limited
Year of Establishment 1949 (In India)
 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
 Mfg unit: 12
 Marketing offices: 23
 Service center: 8
Infrastructure  Logistic warehouse: 3
 Training centers: 4
 Power & Automation engineering centers: 2
 Channel partners: 550
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Indian Clientele
IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL, ATEX, CE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001,
Certification
OHSAS 18001
Table 104: Crompton Greaves Limited

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
Products/Services
 System Automation & Robotics
53
 Switchgear
 Rotating Machines
 Mfg unit: 20
Infrastructure
 More than 30 communication points in India
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  For SLIM Transformers with Dupont’s Nomex Thermal Insulating Technology
 Indonesia, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, USA, UK, Ireland, Netherland, Sweden,
Global Footprints
France, UAE, China, Australia, New Zealand, Curacao
Indian Clientele
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, CPRI, IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL,
Certification
ATEX, CE
Table 105: Alstom (Areva) T&D India Limited

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Gas Insulated Switchgear
 Switchgear
Products/Services
 Mfg unit: 8
 Sales offices: 25
Infrastructure  R&D center: 4
 Engineering center: 2
Annual Turnover
 INR 4,037 Crore
(20010-11)
Indian Clientele  Power Utilities, Oil & Gas Sector, Mining Sector, Indian Railways, EPC
54
Certification IEC, ANSI, IEEE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
Table 106: Biecco Lawrie Limited

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business  Turnkey Projects
 Electrical Repairs
 Switchgear
Products/Services
 Electronics & Control (Relays Division)
Annual Turnover
 INR 66 Crore
(2009-10)
 Power Utilities, Indian Railways, EPC Contractors, Cement Industry, Steel
Indian Clientele
Industry
Certification ISO 9001-2008, ISO-14000
Table 107: Jyoti Limited

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
 Electronics & Control (Relays Division)
Products/Services
 Rotating Electrical Machines
 Hydel System, Electrical Pump
 Switchgear
 Rotating Electrical Machines
Annual Turnover
 INR 395 Crore and INR299 Crore
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  Toshiba Corporation, Japan
Global Footprints  Bhutan, Oman, Nepal,
Indian Clientele
Contractors, Cement Industry, Fertilizer Industry, Steel Industry
Certification ISO 9001
Table 108: Vishal Transformers & Switchgears (P) Ltd

55
 Instrument Transformers
 Auxiliary Transformers
Products/Services  Distribution Transformers
 Special Purpose CT & VT
 Metering Cubicle
Leading Product/Service  Instrument Transformers
 Various SEBs of ctates such as: UP, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana
Indian Clientele  Entities such as: BHEL, Siemens, ABB, CGL, ALSTOM, L&T, CGL,
Nagarjuna Construction Company, Indian Railways, Subhash Projects
Certification ISO 9001-2008, IS
Table 109: Heptacare Power Industries Pvt. Limited

Products/Services  Instrument Transformers
 Various SEBs of states such as: UP, UttraKhand, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana,
J&K, HP, Chhattisgarh, Odissa
Indian Clientele
 Power utilities such as: Areva, ABB, BBMB, BHEL, CGL, INRCL
International Ltd, KEC International, Nagarjuna Construction
Certification ISO 9001-2000, IEC,IS
Table 110: Hivoltrans Electricals Pvt. Ltd

Products/Services  Isolating Transformers
 HV Testing Transformers
 Government utilities such as: MSEB, ASEB, MPSEB, GEB, NEEPCO, BBMB,
APSEB, RSEB, GRIDCO, WBSEB
Indian Clientele  Others such as: ABB, ALSTOM, CGL, Bharat Bijlee, EMCO, Essar, GAIL,
IOCL, Railways, KRIBHCO, Jyoti Enterprises, Suzlon Energy, Torrent Power,
UltraTech
Certification ISO 9001:2000, IS
56
Table 111: Kappa Electricals
Products/Services  Control & Auto Transformers
 Relays, Switches and Fuses
Products/Services  Instrument Transformers
Global Footprint  Indian Subcontinent, East Asia, Middle East and South East Asia
 Various SEBs
Indian Clientele  Private Utilities
 Industrial Consumers
Certification ISO 9001:1994, BS, IEC, AS, DIN, KEMA

Sr No Company Name
1 BHEL 43,337 33,856 23,209 69% 9,538 22% 6,011 14%
Siemens India
2 12,253 3,895 2,162 56% 1,409 12% 868 7%
Limited
3 ABB Limited 7,693 7,126 5,518 77% 393 5% 185 2%
Crompton Greaves
4 6,276 5,018 2,828 56% 937 15% 694 11%
Limited
Alstom (Areva)
5 4,037 3,718 2,875 77% 319 8% 65 2%
T&D India Limited*
6 Biecco Lawrie* 66 62 39 63% 4 6% 2 3%
7 Jyoti Limited 395 341 270 80% 54 14% 18 5%
*Figure for FY10
The switchgear industry in India manufactures the entire range of circuit breakers from bulk oil,
minimum oil, and air blast, vacuum; to Sulphar Hexafluoride (SF6) as per standard
specifications. There are a few leading circuit breaker manufacturers in the country. Rests are
medium scale manufacturers. In the field of instrument transformer also there are eight to ten
players who are majorly involved in manufacturing of instrument transformers at EHV level
57
only. Other players manufacture these components at sub-transmission and distribution voltage
level. At the medium and low voltage level, it is an unorganized market and regional players are
involved in doing business in their area of reach.
Figure 92: Export of Switchgear Instruments
After two consecutive years of double-digit
1,200 1,105
growth, the switchgear industry had to contend
1,000
813
with a 2.4 per cent fall in FY12. In FY11, the 800 705
751
INR Crore
614
segment had grown by 21.2% that had come 600
over and above a 14.5% growth in FY10. It is 400
estimated that the size of the switchgear 200
0
market, (not including domestic switches), was 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
around INR 9,100 Crore in 2010-11. Source: Ministry of Commerce
Table 113: Performance of Switchgear Industry

(%) (INR Crore)
2011-11 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Switchgear 15.1 9,100 0 14.5 21.2 -2.4
Power Contactors 2.6 1,000 -17.8 41 28.7 -10.4
LT Circuit Breakers 3.6 1,360 -1 29.4 19.5 -5.8
MCBs 2.8 1,050 9.7 23 7.7 15.5
S/F and F/S Units 0.5 207 -11.1 5.3 3.8 -4.3
HT Circuit Breakers 5.6 2,140 2.4 -5.8 28.4 -5.8
Source: IEEMA
4.4.5 Demand Segments
Utilities: HV and EHV demand majorly comes from the utilities. India's power generation
capacity of 2,300 MW in 1950 expanded to 200,000 MW in 2012. With the 12th Plan the
capacity is expected to increase by around 75,000 MW. The Government is focusing on
increasing the penetration of power supply in villages. Schemes like APDRP and RGGVY are
providing an excellent opportunity for the LV and MV switchgear market with about 10-15%
villages yet to be electrified.
Industrial Segment: An increase in process automation levels observed which support push-
buttons, contactors and switching relays, as well as the protection relays market, which finds
58
application extensively for motor control. Investment in new infrastructural setup is set to
increase the market for Insulated Switchgears, Ring Main Units, Molded Case Circuit Breakers,
Air Circuit Breakers and Control & Relay Panels.
Power Plant Modernization and Refurbishment: As in other parts of the world, numerous
power plants in India are nearing the end of their services plan, thus requiring overhauling and
modernization. This includes replacement of existing transformers and LV, MV and HV
59
switchgear, which are on average over 30 years old. Power plant modernization and
refurbishment is expected to additionally support growth of the switchgear market.
Alternative Energy Sources: The India Government continues to research and invest in
renewable energy sources such as wind, solar-thermal and hydroelectric power. The increase in
investment in alternative energy sources is also expected to support market growth, as LV and
MV switchgear products are required for general protection as well as switching. The MCCB
and MCB markets are expected to benefit considerably from alternative energy expansion.
Switchgear industry has been growing for last years at a CAGR of 7.9%. Only in FY 2011-12 it
witnessed negative growth. Still future of this product is good enough due to R&M plans of old
power plants. This factor is the main growth driver of this industry.
Figure 93: Switchgear Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
14,000
12,977
12,000
12,030
11,151
10,000
10,336
9,581
9,100
8,882
8,000
7,508
6,000
6,557
6,557
4,000
2,000
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Source: IEEMA
By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has envisaged this market size of INR 22,000 Crore. While looking
at the past trend, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of INR 12,977 Crore.
4.5 Transformer
60
A transformer is a static machine used for Figure 94: Transformer
transforming voltage level from one circuit to
another circuit without changing frequency. By using
a step up transformer at the sending end of the power
system network we transmit the power at high
voltage. This power may not be distributed to the
consumers directly and must be stepped down to the
desired level at the receiving end with help of step
down transformer.
Table 115: Types of Transformer
Power Transformer Distribution Transformer Instrument Transformer
Rating Above 1 MVA, 33 kV Up to 1 MVA, 11 kV 440 Volts to 1200 kV
Generation, Transmission, Sub-

Application Distribution Measuring & Protection
transmission and Distribution
Types Oil filled & Dry Type Oil filled & Dry type Oil filled & Dry type
4.5.1 Major Components of Transformer

Figure 95: Transformer Windings
Windings
The conducting material used for the windings depends upon

the application, but in all cases the individual turns must be
electrically insulated from each other to ensure that the
current travels throughout every turn. Larger power
transformers operating at high voltages may be wound with
copper rectangular strip conductors insulated by oil-impregnated paper and blocks of pressboard.
Core
For efficient flux linking between the two windings, one low reluctance magnetic path common
to both of them should be provided in the transformer. This low reluctance magnetic path in
transformer is known as core of transformer. The main problem with transformer core is the
61
hysteresis and eddy current loss in transformer. Hysteresis Figure 96: Core
loss in transformer mainly depends upon its core materials.
The core steel which has under gone through the both silicon
alloying and cold rolling treatments is commonly known as
CRGOS or Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Silicon Steel. This
material is now universally used for manufacturing for
transformer core.
Conservator Tank
Figure 97: Conservator Tank
Two main roles of conservator: whenever high
electrical stress are produces inside the transformer
due to fault then temperature raise of oil it gives
contraction effect & gases also produced inside the
main tank then it takes a path to release the pressure
via Buchholz relay to the conservator & breather
releases the gas.
Conservator tank is provided to maintain the oil level in the transformer. It is never filled with oil
up to the neck. Thermal expansion nature of the oil is kept in the view and therefore oil is filled
only up to 3/4th of conservator tank level.
Radiator
Figure 98: Radiator
Radiators are used in a transformer to cool the
transformer oil through natural air or forced air
flowing in these radiator fins. As the transformer oil
temperature goes down due to cooling it goes to the
transformer tank from bottom, cool the windings and
gets heated, and then returns to the radiator for next
cooling. This cycle repeats as the oil flow is also natural due difference in temperature of oil on
bottom and top. In big power transformers this oil circulation is forced by oil pumps for effective
cooling. The radiator has many small fins and there are 4-10 radiator banks in a transformer
depending on capacity and make of the transformer.
62
Buchholz Relay
Figure 99: Buchholz Relay
Buchholz Relay in transformer is an oil container
housed the connecting pipe from main tank to
conservator tank. It has mainly two elements. The
upper element consists of a float. The float is
attached to a hinge in such a way that it can move
up and down depending upon the oil level in
the Buchholz Relay Container. One mercury
switch is fixed on the float. The alignment of
mercury switch hence depends upon the position
of the float. The lower element consists of a
baffle plate and mercury switch. This plate is fitted on a hinge just in front of the inlet (main tank
side) of Buchholz Relay in transformer in such a way that when oil enters in the relay from that
inlet in high pressure the alignment of the baffle plate along with the mercury switch attached to
it, will change. In addition to these main elements a Buchholz Relay has gas release pockets on
top. The electrical leads from both mercury switches are taken out through a molded terminal
block.
Bushings
Figure 100: Bushings
A bushing is a hollow electrical insulator through which
a conductor may pass. The bushing is a
hollow insulating liner that fits through a hole in a wall
or metal case, allowing a conductor to pass along its
centre and connect at both ends to other equipment. The
purpose of the bushing is to keep the conductor insulated
from the surface it is passing through. Bushings are often
made of wet-process fired porcelain, and may be coated
with a semi-conducting glaze to assist in equalizing the electrical stress along the length of the
bushing.
63
The inside of the bushing may contain paper insulation and the bushing is often filled with oil to
provide additional insulation. Bushings for medium-voltage and low-voltage apparatus may be
made of resins reinforced with paper. The use of polymer bushings for high voltage applications
is becoming more common. The largest high-voltage bushings made are usually associated
with high-voltage direct-current converters.
4.5.2 Market Analysis
Transformer is the most costly and critical component in a substation. It accounts for 10-15% of
the total cost of switchyard in a power system. The Indian transformer industry is more than five
decade old and manufactures all types of transformers. The industry enjoys a good reputation in
terms of quality, price and delivery in the domestic as well as overseas markets even in advanced
countries. The Indian transformer industry can generally be divided into distribution
transformers, power transformers, generating transformer and other types of special transformers
for welding, traction, furnace etc.
Past Performance
Power transformers account for about 65-70% of the total transformer industry in MVA terms.
Distribution transformers account for the remaining 30-35% of the total transformer industry in
MVA terms. A transformer could either be oil filled or dry type by nature, with voltage ranging
from 1.1 kV-33 kV.
Table 116: Transformer: Domestic Demand Vs Supply

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Installed manufacturing Capacity (MVA) 1,13,360 1,44,190 1,52,065 1,72,065 2,10,000
Production (MVA) 90,810 1,07,723 1,22,487 1,29,049 1,68,000
Total Transformer Demand (MVA) 1,39,364 1,60,129 1,83,988 2,11,402 2,42,901
The transformer industry grew by a feeble 1.2% in FY12 as against a very healthy 13.5% in
FY11. While power transformers have performed consistently, it is distribution transformers that
have shown erratic trend. In FY12, the distribution transformer category suffered a 3.3% against
the 7.4% growth seen in power transformers.
64
Table 117: Performance of Transformer Industry

(%) (INR Crore)
2010-11 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Transformers 20.6 12,350 -1.2 9.1 13.5 1.2
Power Transformers 8.6 5,150 25.8 17.2 13.2 7.4
Distribution Transformers 12 7,200 -16.9 3 13.8 -3.3
Source: IEEMA
Demand Segments
Figure 101: Demand Drivers fo Transformer

The Indian transformer manufacturing is a
mature industry with large manufacturing
Generator
base. Huge capacity has been added by Transformer
several manufacturers over the last 5-7 20% 15% Transformation

Capacity
years based on the planned programs. 15%
48% Industrial
Indian Electrical Equipment industry over 2% Demand
the years has also gained global acceptance

Replacement
and India has emerged as a preferred
destination for sourcing of quality, reliable Export
and competitively priced equipment

including transformers.
Generator Transformers: These are used primarily as step up transformer in power generation
plants. Power transformer is said to be one of the main and costly plant equipment. With the 12th
Plan the capacity is expected to increase by around 75,000 MW which reflects the requirement of
96,837 MVA of generator transformers.
Transformation Capacity: Substation capacity has been added satisfactorily in 11th plan and it
will continue in the 12th plan also because of good target of generation capacity addition.
Transformation capacity addition is the primary requirement for evacuation of power from any
generating power plant. Therefore this segment will keep a high demand of the tune of 60-65
thousand MVA per annum. Transformation capacity in 11th FYP has increased at CAGR of 54%.
12th Plan also, is likely to perform in same way in order to achieve the national target.
65
Table 118: Transformer: Demand Creators
Transformer Demand Segment 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 TOTAL
GT Capacity (MVA) 20,497 19,011 19,974 21,090 16,265 96,837
Transformation Capacity (MVA) 67,372 62,488 65,654 69,321 53,462 318,297
Industry Installations (MVA) 3,369 3,124 3,283 3,466 2,673 15,915
Export Demand (MVA) 18,000 21,420 25,490 30,333 36,096 131,339
Replacement Demand (MVA) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000
Total (MVA) 129,238 126,043 134,401 144,210 128,496 662,388
Industrial Installation: Whatever loom in industrial growth was to happen, has occurred
already. Therefore, in future more development is obvious. Although Industrial segment
contributes only 2% of total demand but it encourages customized product which can give better
profitability. Industries such as steel, oil, cement, textile, sugar, heavy engineering etc are the
segment growth drivers.
Export Demand: In the global market, performance of Indian product is acknowledged as

technically at par with the leading international companies since Indian transformer industry is
matured enough as a reliable supplier, it is exporting transformer in various parts of the world
including countries like USA, Europe, African Countries, Cyprus, Syria, Iraq and other Middle
East countries.
Table 119: Transformer Exports from India

Figures in INR Crore
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 CAGR
Up to 650 kVA 65.1 175.9 234.7 251.2 379.1 460.1 48%
650 kVA-10 MVA 38 127.6 161.8 200.2 189 212.4 41%
Above 10 MVA 307.6 488.7 699 1273.5 1221.2 748.9 19%
410.7 792.2 1095.5 1724.9 1789.3 1421.4 28%
Over a period of six years industry has exported the transformers at a robust CAGR of 28%. In
this, small manufacturers are now emerging as leading exporters in small transformer which has
seen highest growth rate of 48%.
Replacement Demand: As in other parts of the world, numerous power plants in India are
nearing the end of their service plan, thus requiring overhauling and modernization. This
66
includes replacement of existing transformers, which are on average over 30 years old and the
replacement of distribution and power transformers. BEE has started the program of efficiency
wise star rating of the transformers. It has provided additional market to the industry which ill
drive the extensive use of more efficient and reliable transformers in the future. Further, the
strengthening of the transmission and distribution grid under the R-APDRP scheme will be
growth driver for the industry.
Table 120: Transformer Industry: Prominent Players

 Transformers & Rectifiers Key Attributes
 Vijai Electricals  Over all more than 300 players in market
 BHEL  Volume wise 70:30 ratio between organized and
 Siemens India Limited unorganized market
 ABB Limited  Organized market consist 15-20 established players
 Crompton Greaves Limited who dominate Power Transformer segment
 Alstom (Areva) T&D India Ltd  Local manufacturers dominate Distribution
 Bharat Bijlee Transformer segment
 EMCO  Lack of EHV transformer testing facility
 Voltamp Prospective Clients
 RTS Power  Central & State Transmission Utilities
 Accurate Transformer  EPC Companies
 TELK  State & Private Discoms
 IMP  Major industries e.g. Heavy Engineering, Cement,
 Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited Steel, Railway, Defense etc.
Table 121: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Oil & Gas
 R&D
 Switchgear
Products/Services
 BTG Sets
 BOP
Leading Product/Service  BTG Sets
 Switchgear
 Mfg unit: 15
Infrastructure
 Business office: 15
67
 Service centre: 8
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
 Siemens AG Germany
 Germany ABB
Technology Sourcing  Switzerland
 General Electric
 USA
Global Footprints  More than 70 countries across the world
Indian Clientele
Certification ASME, API
Table 122: Siemens India Limited

Year of Establishment 1956-57 (In India)
 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
 Mfg unit: 8
Infrastructure  Sales offices: 19
 R&D center: 10
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Indian Clientele
Certification IEC, ANSI, IEEE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
Table 123: ABB Limited

68
 EPC
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
 Capacitors
Products/Services
 System Automation & Robotics
 Mfg unit: 12
 Marketing offices: 23
 Service center: 8
Infrastructure  Logistic warehouse: 3
 Training centers: 4
 Power & Automation engineering centers: 2
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Indian Clientele
IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL, ATEX, CE, CPRI, ISO 9001, ISO 14001,
Certification
OHSAS 18001
Table 124: Crompton Greaves Limited

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Switchgear
Leading Product/Service  Power Transformers
69
 Switchgear
 Rotating Machines
 Mfg unit: 20
Infrastructure
 30 Communication points in India
Annual Turnover
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  For SLIM Transformers with Dupont’s Nomex Thermal Insulating Technology
 Indonesia, Belgium, Hungary, Canada, USA, UK, Ireland, Netherland, Sweden,
Global Footprints
France, UAE, China, Australia, New Zealand, Curacao
Indian Clientele
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, CPRI, IEC, ANSI, IS, KEMA, BS, CSA, UL,
Certification
ATEX, CE
Table 125: Alstom (Areva) T&D India Limited

 Manufacturing
 EPC
Nature of Business
 Services
 R&D
 Gas Insulated Switchgear
 Switchgear
Products/Services
 Mfg unit: 8
 Sales offices: 25
Infrastructure  R&D center: 4
 Engineering center: 2
Annual Turnover
 INR 4,037 Crore
(20010-11)
Indian Clientele
Certification IEC, ANSI, IEEE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
70
Table 126: Transformers & Rectifiers
Nature of Business Manufacturing
 Distribution Transformers
Products/Services  Rectifier Transformers
 Furnace Transformers
 Reactors
Leading Product/Service  Transformers
Mfg unit: 3
Infrastructure
Strategic unit: 3 (for transformer component mfg)
Annual Turnover
INR 577 Crore and INR 515.09 Crore
(20010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing Indigenous technology
South Africa, Ethiopia, Bhutan, Canada, Congo, Tanzania, Bangladesh,
Global Footprints Mozambique, Oman, Iran, Nepal, Kenya, Ghana, USA, Australia, Uzbekistan, Saudi
Arabia, UK, Philippines, UAE, Bangladesh
Indian Clientele
Certification ISO 9001–2008, ISO 14001–2004, OHSAS 18001–2007
Table 127: Vijai Electricals

Products/Services  Distribution Transformers
 Switchgear
 Mfg unit: 4 (India) + 2 (Abroad)
Infrastructure
 Strategic unit: For indigenous component development
Annual Turnover
(2010-11 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  Daihen Corporation, Japan
Global Footprints  USA, Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil
 APEB, MSEB, Gujarat SEB, Rajasthan SEB, ABB, UPSEB, Asam SEB, BSEB,
BSES, Enercon India Ltd, HSEB, KSEB
Indian Clientele
 Kalpataru Power, PGCIL, NTPC, NPCL, Reliance Energy, Wilson Power
Solutions, Siemens Ltd
Lloyds-UK, Crown Agents- UK, BSI Inspectorate Griffith, OMIC Japan, CAPE-
Certification
Thailand, Tubescope Vecto GmbH Germany
Table 128: Voltamp

71
 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 Services
 Transformers
 Unitized Substation
Products/Services  Induction Furnace
 Lighting Arrestor
 Electrical Maintenance
Annual Turnover
(2010-11 and 2009-2010)
Global Footprints  India, Nepal, Bhutan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Middle East Asian Countries
Indian Clientele  NTPC, ONGC, NALCO, IOCL, BPCL, AEC-SEC, GSFC, GACL
Certification ISO 9001 – 2000, ISOQAR Accreditation, IEC
Table 129: Bharat Bijlee

 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 EPC
 Power transformers: Station transformer, Unit Auxiliary transformer
 Elevator System: Gearless motors
Products/Services
 Motors: 3-phase induction motors, Pumps,
 Sub Station erection projects
 Mfg unit: 1
Infrastructure
 Branch Office: 13
Annual Turnover
(2011-12 and 2010-11)
 Bangladesh, Tanzania, Algeria, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Kenya, Namibia,
Global Footprints
Oman, UAE, Egypt, Jordan, South Africa
 AAI, NTPC, PGCIL, BSEB, BSES, MPPTCL, MSETCL, TATA POWER,
Indian Clientele TORRENT POWER, RILAINCE INFRA, UPPTCL, WBSETCL, BGR Energy,
NALCO, Singareni Collieries
Certification  ISO 9001–2008, BIS, Canadian Standards Association
Table 130: EMCO

 Manufacturing
 Services
Products/Services  Transformers
72
 Sub-station EPC
 Energy meters
 Transmission Line & Towers
 Transformers
 EPC
Annual Turnover
(2010-11 and 2009-10)
 Presence across 45 nations
Global Footprints
 America, Europe, Middle-East countries, Asia Pacific
 Power Utilities, Oil & Gas Sector, Mining, EPC Contractors, Cement
Indian Clientele
Industries, Steel Industries
Certification ISO 9001–2008, ISO 14001-2004, OHSAS 18001-2007, IS, IEC, ANSI
Table 131: Competitor Analysis

Sr No Company Name
1 BHEL 43,337 33,856 23,209 69% 9,538 22% 6,011 14%
Siemens India
2 12,253 3,895 2,162 56% 1,409 12% 868 7%
Limited
3 ABB Limited 7,693 7,126 5,518 77% 393 5% 185 2%
Crompton Greaves
4 6,276 5,018 2,828 56% 937 15% 694 11%
Limited
Alstom (Areva)
5 4,037 3,718 2,875 77% 319 8% 65 2%
T&D India Ltd*
Transformers &
6 577 510 454 89% 66 11% 40 7%
Rectifiers
7 Vijai Electricals 1,849 1,689 1,350 80% 160 9% 18 1%
8 Voltamp 526 470 442 94% 67 13% 51 9%
9 Bharat Bijlee** 781 685 535 78% 96 12% 60 7%
10 EMCO 1049 1054 900 - (4.7) - (67) -
*Figures for 2009-10; **Figures for 2011-2012
4.5.5 Growth in Market Size
Transformer industry has witnessed consistent growth in the market size and this trend is likely
to continue in the future also. Indian small and medium transformer manufacturers are expected
to gain momentum due to various government reform programs.
73
Figure 102: Transformer Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
18,000
16,000
16,323
15,474
14,000
14,670
13,907
13,184
12,000
12,350
12,498
INR Crore
10,000
10,881
10,095
9,973
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Source: IEEMA
Export will also be a good growth driver for this industry. In the 11th Plan this industry has
grown at a CAGR of 5.5%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has envisaged this market size of INR
29,500 Crore. While looking at the past trend, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of
INR 16,323 Crore.
4.5.6 Prospective Clients
Transmission Utilities
 Large amount of projects planned by PGCIL and State transmission Utilities.

 Nodal investors in transmission sector.
Distribution Utilities
 Large number of projects coming up under R-APDRP and RGGVY.

 Thrust on decreasing the AT&C losses: investments in distribution and sub transmission
infrastructure.
EPC Companies
 EPC players are flooded with projects due to transformation in utility approach from cost
plus to turnkey basis.
 Better commercial arrangement can be outlined.
74
 Repeating orders.
 Easy reach to clients exposed to limited established players (transformer manufacturers).
4.5.7 Business Risk
Industry Level risk
 Almost all major players have increased their capacities leading to excess supply situation in
the industry.
 Pricing becoming an issue especially with Govt. clients.
 CRGO Steel and Copper are the key raw material, which are highly price volatile which can
cause unfavourable impacts on pricing.
 Transformer Industry is highly dependent and driven by growth in power sector.
 Any dent in performance of sector affects the growth of the industry.
Consumer Level Risk
 Choice of states and schemes: Certain states and schemes have had huge execution
challenges, administrative and payment issues.
 The L1 guidelines are objective leaves no room for subjective matters like quality.
 Unilateral testing by State Utilities: Leading to false results and develops dispute. Also
bottleneck in High Voltage Transformer Testing in the Country.
 Local administrative and executive staff at utilities: Results in to delayed payments.
4.6 Energy Meter

Figure 103: Energy Meter
An electricity meter or energy meter is a device that
measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a
residence, business, or an electrically powered device.
Electricity meters are typically calibrated in billing units,
the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kWh).
Periodic reading of electric meters establishes billing cycles
and energy used during a cycle.
75
In settings when energy savings during certain periods are desired, meters may measure demand,
the maximum use of power in some interval. ‘Time of Day’ metering allows electric rates to be
changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost,
periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response shedding of loads during
peak load periods.
4.6.1 Types of Energy Meter
Electricity meters operate by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage (volts) and
current (amperes) and finding the product of these to give instantaneous electrical power (watts)
which is then integrated against time to give energy used (joules, kilowatt-hours etc.). Meters for
smaller services (such as small residential customers) can be connected directly in-line between
source and customer. For larger loads, more than about 200 ampere of load, current transformers
are used, so that the meter can be located other than in line with the service conductors. The
meters fall into two basic categories, electromechanical and electronic.
Electromechanical Meter
Figure 104: Electromechanical Meter
The most common type of electricity meter is the
electromechanical induction watt-hour meter. The
electromechanical induction meter operates by
counting the revolutions of an aluminum disc which
is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the
power. The number of revolutions is thus
proportional to the energy usage. The voltage coil
consumes a small and relatively constant amount of
power, typically around 2 watts which is not
registered on the meter. The current coil similarly
consumes a small amount of power in proportion to the square of the current flowing through it,
typically up to a couple of watts at full load, which is registered on the meter.
Electronic Meter
76
Figure 105: Electronic Meter
Electronic meters display the energy used on an
LCD display, and can also transmit readings to
remote places. In addition to measuring energy
used, electronic meters can also record other
parameters of the load and supply such as maximum
demand, power factor and reactive power used etc.
They can also support time-of-day billing, for
example, recording the amount of energy used
during on-peak and off-peak hours.
Now a day, electronic meters are able to store the data for a long time which can be downloaded
at any time of need. Meters with battery back up are able to transmit the data even when main
power supply is off. Various kinds of signaling and indication functions are available to detect
any kind of tempering or violation of safety norms. All of these functions are controlled through
inbuilt electronic microprocessor.
HTMD Meter
Figure 106: HTMD Meter
This is instrument transformers supported metering
system. This type of meter is connected through the
secondary of current transformer and potential
transformer. These are used at the points in power
system where voltage and current both are at very high
level and their direct measurement is not possible.
Technical Specification:
 Type: 3 Phase
 Accuracy Class: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5
 Current Rating: For the load above 200 Ampere where CT is used
 Voltage Rating: For the system above 440 Volts where PT is used
77
Figure 107: Apex Meters
Application:
 Generating Stations (Apex Meters)

 EHV Substations (Apex Meters)
 Distribution Substations
 HT Consumers
LTCT Meter
Figure 108: LTCT Meter
This is current transformer supported metering
system. This type of meter is connected through
the secondary of current transformer but potential
transformer is not used. These are used at the
points in power system current is at very high
level and its direct measurement is not possible.
 Type: 3 Phase
 Accuracy Class: 0.5, 1.0
 Current Rating: For the load above 200 Ampere where CT is used
 Voltage Rating: For the system up to 440 Volts where PT is not used
Application:
 HT Consumers
 LT Consumers
 DT Metering
LT Whole Current Meter
These meters are free from the use of instrument transformers. These meters are put in to the
path of main electrical circuit. Whole current implies the fact that the entire load current in the
electrical circuit passes through the meter. These energy meters are installed for single and three
phase supply connection types with different current ratings. They are suitable for low voltage
78
residential supply connections, small and medium enterprises and low voltage distribution
transformer metering. They are designated with single or three phase supply type, current
carrying capacity and accuracy class indices of 1.0 and 2.0 in compliance with international
metering standards.
Figure 109: LT Whole Current Meter
 Type: 1 Phase and 3 Phase

 Accuracy Class: 1.0, 2.0
 Current Rating: For the load up to 100 Ampere
where CT is not used
 Voltage Rating: For the system up to 440 Volts
where PT is not used
Application:
 Domestic Consumers
 Small Commercial Complexes etc.
Smart Metering System: Prepaid Meter

Figure 110: Prepaid Meter
Smart metering has gained popularity by bringing
benefits to all stakeholders in the utilities industry.
Different payment methods available via smart meters
for the amount of energy consumed help end users to
increase payment transparency and enable utilities to
easily comply with regulations on consumer rights.
Prepaid service options have become an attractive
payment solution allowing users to better manage their
energy consumption and optimize their budget
allocation.
79
Figure 111: Running Cycle of Prepaid Meter
Prepayment metering is simple and user friendly. Prepayment or ‘pay as you go’ has been
accepted by the utilities worldwide as a way to improve customer service, cash flow and the
revenue cycle. It is altogether a new arena in India and is likely to be important for revenue and
energy management. This will benefit the State Electricity Boards (SEBs), private utilities and
the electricity consumers.
There are more than twenty five companies manufacturing approximately 20 million energy
meters per year in India.
Table 132: Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd

 Manufacturing
 Turnkey Services
Nature of Business
 Automation
 R&D
 Various Kind of Meter Manufacturing
 EPC in T&D
Products/Services  Manufacturing of Meter Testing Equipments
 Inverters & Solar Product Manufacturing
 System Automation & SCADA Implementation
80
 Custom Built Software
 Billing Solutions
 Meter Manufacturing
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 2 (Rajasthan, Uttarakhand)
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  Indigenous Technology
 USA, Germany, UK, Ireland, Canada, Bangladesh, Middle East, Africa, Brazil,
Global Footprints
China, Singapore, Nepal
 Various SEBs of States such as: KSEB, ASEB, RSEB, MSEB, MPSEB,
UPPCL, UPCL, DHBVNL, JKPDD
 Various Government Organization Such as: ITI, CDOT, Central Electronics
Indian Clientele Ltd., BSNL, DRDO, BEL
 Other Players Such as: Reliance Energy, Ahmadabad Electricity Co., Surat
Electricity Company, Tata Power, Torrent Power Ltd, Maruti Udyog Ltd,
Instruments Ltd
ISO 9001:1994, IECQ, DLMS Certification, IS, IDEMI, ERTL
Certification
Awards from BHEL, NPCL etc.
Table 133: Secure Meters Limited

 Manufacturing
 Turnkey Services
Nature of Business
 Automation
 R&D
 EPC in T&D
 Manufacturing of Meter Testing Equipments
Products/Services
 Custom Built Software
 Billing Solutions
Leading Product/Service  System Automation
 Manufacturing of Meter Testing Equipments
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 3 (India) + 4 (UK & Sweden)
Annual Turnover
 INR 599 Crore
(2010-2011)
Technology Sourcing  In house R&D
Global Footprints Presence in 50 countries across the world
Indian Clientele
Certification NABL, IEC, ANSI, IEEE, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001
81
Table 134: L&T Limited (Electrical & Automation Division)
Presence in Market Since early 90s
 Manufacturing
Nature of Business  Turnkey Services
 R&D
Products/Services
 Energy Management Services
 Relay Manufacturing
 Relay Manufacturing
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 1 (Mysore)
Technology Sourcing  Indigenous Technology
 Mfg in UK: Collaboration with CyanTechnology;
Global Footprints  South East Asia, Middle East Countries, Africa
 Focus on European Markets
 Various SEBs across country
Indian Clientele  Industrial Consumers
 Private Utilities
Certification NABL
Table 135: ECE Industries Limited

Year of Establishment 1945 (Metering Division Since 1962)
 Manufacturing
Nature of Business
 Energy Meter
 AMR Solutions
Products/Services  Transformer
 Switchgear
 Elevator
 Energy Meter
 Transformers
Infrastructure  Mfg unit: 1 (Energy Meter at Hyderabad)
Annual Turnover
(2010-2011 and 2009-10)
Technology Sourcing  Veb Electo Apparate-Werke, Germany
Certification ISO 9001-2000, BIS,
82
Table 136: HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd
 Energy Meter
 Relays
 Switchgears
Products/Services
 Lighting
 Luminaries
 Wires & Cables
 Energy Meter
 Switchgears
 Mfg unit: 9 (Meters: 2)
 Marketing Offices: 69
Infrastructure
 Dealers: 1,200
 Retailers: 15,000
Average Annual Turnover  INR 1,000 Crore
 Middle East and SAARC countries
Global Footprints
 European Markets
Certification ISO 9001:2000, IEC,
Table 137: Capital Power Systems Ltd

 Energy Meter
Products/Services
 Relays
Leading Product/Service  Energy Meter
Annual Turnover (2009-10)  INR 72.5 Crore
 Various Govt. Utilities such as: DHBVN, JSEB, Orissa utilities, CSEB,
WBSEDCL, UP utilities, KSEB, Maharashtra utilities, Jaipur utilities, AP
utilities, Haryana utilities
Indian Clientele
 Private companies such as: Lanco, Tata, KEC International, Yamuna Power &
Infrastructure, NCC Ltd, IVRCL, Kalpataru, Maytas, RPG, Kirlosker, A2Z,
Jyoti Structures Ltd, Shyama Power India Ltd
Certification ISO 9001:2000, IEC, IS
83
100% metering of power supply connections insisted by many state regulatory commissions and
support by Ministry of Power through various reform programs, particularly RGGVY and now
RAPDRP has provided impetus to demand for meters. Overall environment for metering
industry in 09-10 has been generally good. Though physical sales did pick up as compared to
2008-09, prices have continued to fall. During the 2011-2012, growth rate of energy meters has
remained 6.1% which is 60% lower as compared to FY 2010-2011 that saw a growth of 15.4%.
Table 138: Performance of Metering Industry

(%) (INR Crore)
2010-11 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Energy Meters 3.7 2,250 -8.2 11.3 15.4 6.1
Source: IEEMA
This can be attributed to sharp decline in financial health of most of distribution utilities during
the FY 2011-2012.
Figure 112: Export of Electrical Meters
During the Year 2009-10 sales of 300

256
energy meters increased by over 250
11.3% mainly due to 38% growth in 200

165
INR Crore
Single phase static meters. Share of 150
Electromagnetic meters has further 100 71 71

51
reduced to 4.5%. CEA guidelines, 50
which have mandated use of static 0

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
meters, have seen the Indian energy Source: Ministry of Commerce
meter market shift largely to static meters. Market share of conventional electromagnetic meters
is on decline and is less than the 5% in 2010-2011.
The demand for meters, both for Single Phase and Three Phase, is expected to remain good for
next 2-3 years. Utilities are also procuring Indian companion standard compliant meters for
feeders, transformers and HT Consumers. This will lead to good demand for system meters.
Reasonable flow of enquiries with short delivery schedules have been observed from various
SEBs. Procurement of meters for RGGVY is being done by project contractors. An overall sale
84
of meter industry is expected to remain at current level. The basic underlying problems being
faced by the industry remain same, some of them are actually found to be on the rise.
Varying tender specifications, decreasing prices, practically little attention to quality in the
procurement procedures, etc. continue to bother manufacturers. Huge numbers of meters are
being procured for BPL consumers under RGGVY program through contractors, where both
quality and price have received severe beating. Lack of proper metering at every required point
has been the critical issue with the whole power sector (especially with distribution sector) in
India. But now efforts are being made to put the power sector on track of commercial principle.
It can be achieved only when a utility ensures 100% metering status.
85
Metering industry has witnessed consistent growth in all aspects such as market size, volume and
quality etc. This trend is likely to continue in the future even at a higher pace. Indian meter
manufacturing industry may gain momentum because of power sector reforms, reduction of
T&D and commercial losses etc. In the 11th Plan this industry has grown at an aggressive CAGR
of 5.8%. By the end of 12th Plan, CEA has envisaged this market size of INR 5,500 Crore. While
looking at the past trend, this industry is expected to grow up to the size of INR 3,158 Crore.
Figure 113: Metering Industry: Past Performance and Expected Market Size
3,500
3,000
3,158
2,986
2,824
2,500
2,627
2,525
2,327
2,250
INR Crore
2,000
1,950
1,908
1,752
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
86
CHAPTER – 5
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES
5.1 Increasing Imports: A Major Challenge
Imports of electrical equipment have grown in the past five years at a CAGR of 28.28%. Current
export-import trends based on select major ports trade data indicates alarming growth of almost
20% in imports; especially from China, South Korea, Germany and other EU countries. The
unfavorable domestic economic situation due to depreciation in Indian Rupee, high inflation,
high interest costs, credit squeeze etc. is having a significant adverse effect on the bottom line of
the industry; apart from intense overseas competition. This situation is getting exacerbated by the
turmoil in the global economy.
Figure 114: CHINA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments

250
212
198
200
148 146
150
INR ('000 Crore)
109
100
79
54 49
48 46 46
50
32 31
14 19 19
8 12
3 5
0
Electrical Equipments Total Imports

Prices of key inputs / raw material, especially which are imported in large quantities, are on an
upward trend. Stiff competition in the domestic market from foreign suppliers and also in global
markets is eroding the price competitiveness of Indian manufacturers. The price difference
between domestic companies vis-à-vis Chinese manufacturers is mainly due to disadvantages
faced by domestic manufacturers (State and local levies, higher financing costs, lack of quality
infrastructure, dependence on foreign sources for critical inputs / raw material, etc.), as well as
subsidies / incentives provided to the Chinese manufacturers by their government. It is widely
87
known that Chinese imports are relatively cheaper because equipment makers from China benefit
from low interest rates and an undervalued currency, which in itself leads to cheaper exports.
India now has adequate domestic capacity to fulfill the anticipated annual demand for power
generation capacity augmentation, which was not the case earlier.
Figure 115: KOREA: Import Trend of Electrical Equipments
60
50 48
45
40 41
40
(INR '000 Crore)
30
24
22
20
20 16
13
7 8 9
10 7 6 6
5 6 5
2 4
Electrical Equipments Total Imports

A most recent positive step taken by Indian Government is the approval of long-delayed proposal
to levy 21% import duty on sourcing power equipment from overseas. This move will benefit
domestic equipment manufacturers in the country. In the July 2012, Indian Govt. has approved
5% basic customs duty, 12% Counter Veiling Duty (Excise Duty) and 4% Special Additional
Duty (SAD), totaling 21%. Earlier, the government had imposed of 5% customs duty on import
of power equipment for projects of less than 1,000 megawatt (MW) capacity, while projects with
more than that capacity did not attract import levy.
5.2 Critical Issues
The T&D sector today faces several major challenges. Some of them are as under.
 Inadequate Availability of Critical Inputs (Raw Material)

 Looming Skill Gap, Manpower Issues
 Lack of Standardization
 Inadequate Domestic Testing and Calibrating Infrastructure
88
 Frame Model Procurement Guidelines/Practices for Utilities
 Promotion of Innovation and R&D in the Industry
 Right of Way, Forest Clearances and Land Acquisition Issues
 Price Variation Issues
89
CHAPTER – 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Business Opportunities
After the comprehensive analysis of the present market scenario, market players, growth drivers
of the sector, imports & exports, future investment etc. following market has been explored as a
business opportunity for a new entrant in the market.
Name of the Equipment Business Opportunity

Cable Outstanding
Conductor Low
Transmission Tower Medium
Switchgear & Control High
Transformer Medium to High
Energy Meter Outstanding
6.2 Cable
Cable manufacturing in India is the business full of opportunity. Although this segment has
witnessed the highest growth in the market size, yet India needs more cable manufacturing
capacity in EHV segment. Since EHV cable manufacturing is highly technology oriented process
therefore number of existing players in this segment is relative low. For entering in to this field
now Indian manufacturers are doing partnership with some technologically mature player
irrespective of Indian or foreign origin. Future of this industry can be rated as ‘Outstanding’.
Cable
Market Size (2011-12) INR 19,496 Crore
Manufacturing Capacity Utilization (2010-11) 47% (Power Cables Only)
CAGR (11th FYP) 14.5%
Optimistic Market Size (2016-17) (Y) INR 37,000 Crore
Most Likely Market Size (2016-17) (X) INR 38,394 Crore
Relative Achievement (X/Y) 104%
Business Opportunity Outstanding
6.3 Conductor
90
Conductor manufacturing capacity in India is sufficient and it is not being considered as a very
attractive field from manufacturer point of view. It can be attributed to plans and process to
adopt HVDS and ABC technology by distribution utilities in the various states. Overall business
opportunity in this segment is ‘Low’.
Conductor
Manufacturing Capacity Utilization (2010-11) 68%
Business Opportunity Low
6.4 Transmission Tower

Tower manufacturing in India is in good state and performing satisfactorily apart from lack of
EHV and UHV tower testing facilities with some players. Domestic manufacturers have
sufficient capacity and they are increasing their capacity on the right pace. It is EPC and Turnkey
Solution Provider route which can let a new player enter in to the market easily. It is because of
now most of the companies are shifting from manufacturing to additional construction activities.
Future of this industry can be rated as ‘Medium’.
Transmission Tower
Business Opportunity Medium
6.5 Switchgear & Control

Switchgear manufacturing in India is dominated by a few big players followed by medium and
small players. Since this industry is highly technology oriented therefore number of capable
players in this segment is relative low. This segment may be one of the most rewarding for a new
entrant because of lack of domestic players in EHV and UHV category. Technological
91
partnership with some technologically mature player may be the entry strategy for a new player.
Therefore future of this industry can be rated as ‘High’.
Switchgear & Control

Manufacturing Capacity Utilization (2010-11) 66% (HT Switchgears Only)
CAG (11th FYP) 7.9%
Business Opportunity High
6.6 Transformer
Transformer manufacturing can be divided in to two segments. One is Distribution transformers
and another is Power transformers. Indian market is performing well with respect to both
segments. Some major bottlenecks such as limited domestic EHV and UHV transformer testing
facilities and in house sourcing of key raw material are hindering the sector growth. In spite of
these challenges transformer industry is able to cope up with the foreign players. Future of this
industry can be rated as ‘Medium to High’.
Transformer
Business Opportunity Medium to High
6.7 Energy Meter
Manufacturing of Energy Meters in India can promise any manufacturer for a long lasting and
consistent growth. This business is likely to follow one of the highest growth rates at least for
next ten to fifteen years. Modern technology and state of the art manufacturing facility is the key
to success in this business. Lack of adequate Meter testing facility is one of the major bottlenecks
of this industry. Now it has become technology oriented process therefore number of leading
92
players in this segment is very low. For the initial stage, technological partnership with a
domestic or international mature player can be the entry strategy.
Energy Meter
11th FYP CAGR 5.8%
Business Opportunity Outstanding
93
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE
[1] Ministry of Power, GoI, “Report of the Working Group on Power for 12th Plan: January
2012”
[2] Ministry of Power, R-APDRP, RGGVY
[3] Planning Commission, Shunglu Committee Report, “Report of High Level Panel on
Financial Position of Distribution Utilities” December 2011
[4] Power Finance Corporation
[5] Central Electricity Authority, “Draft, National Electricity Plan (Volume I and Volume II)”
[6] Central Electricity Authority, “Annual and Monthly Summary Report” of Transmission &
Distribution Work
[7] Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, “Indian Electrical Equipment Industry
Mission Plan: 2012-2022, Base Document”
[8] Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
[9] Ministry of Commerce, GoI
[10] Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturer Association (IEEMA)
[11] Powerline Magazine, June 2012
[12] Electrical Monitor Magazine’s Website
[13] Websites and Annual Reports (of last two to three years) of following companies
1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
2. Power Grid Corporation of India
3. ALSTOM (AREVA) T&D India Ltd.
4. Crompton Greaves Limited
5. SIEMENS India Limited
6. ABB Limited
7. Transformers & Rectifiers
8. Vijay Electricals Limited
9. EMCO
10. Voltamp
11. Bharat Bijlee Limited
12. Sterlite Technologies Limited
13. JSK Industries Pvt. Limited
14. Diamond Power Infrastructure Limited
15. Deepak Cables (India) Limited
16. KEC International
17. Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited
18. IVRCL
19. Jyoti Structures Limited
94
20. Gammon India Ltd
21. Unitech Power Transmission Ltd
22. Aster Private Ltd
23. Man Structurals Pvt. Ltd
24. Biecco Lawrie Limited
25. Jyoti Limited
26. Vishal Transformers & Switchgears (P) Ltd
27. Heptacare Power Industries Pvt. Limited
28. Hivoltrans Electricals Pvt. Ltd
29. SCT Limited
30. Macroplast Pvt. Ltd
31. Kappa Electricals
32. Genus Power Infrastructures Ltd
33. Secure Meters Limited
34. L&T Limited (Electrical & Automation Division)
35. ECE Industries Limited
36. HPL Metering Pvt. Ltd
37. Capital Power Systems Ltd
For Annexure I and Annexure II
Following assumption and steps have been adopted while finding out the future market size as
per tables displayed below.
[1] This data sheet includes major T&D equipments as per mentioned by IEEMA. IEEMA
consists 95% Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturers.
[2] Actual market size for 2010-11 was available. Apart from it YoY % growth rate was
available. Accordingly, markat size for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2011-12 has been calculated.
[3] On the basis of available market size of last five consecutive years, CAGR has been
calculated.
[4] Assumption for market size forecasting: Conservative approach has been adopted with
consideration that Market will grow at the same CAGR of last five years.
[5] Prospective market has been calculated with the help of found CAGR.
[6] Assessed Market in 2017 and 2022 by CEA has been taken from "Indian Electrical
Equipment Industry Mission Plan 2012-2022: Base Document" from "Ministry of Heavy
Industries and Public Enterprises"
95
ANNEXURE– I (Following raw data sourced from IEEMA, CEA & thereafter calculated)
Performance of Major T&D Equipments Industry: 2007-08 to 2011-12

Weight 2007-
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
(%) 08
YoY YoY YoY YoY
Market Market Market Market Market
Growth Growth Growth Growth
Size Size Size Size Size
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Rotating
10.5 5144 4964 -3.5% 5624 13.3% 6310 12.2% 6373 1.0%
Machines
LT Motors 5.1 2305 2155 -6.5% 2644 22.7% 2985 12.9% 3021 1.2%
HT Motors 2.1 996 1126 13.1% 1242 10.3% 1225 -1.4% 1492 21.8%
Alternators 1.9 888 914 2.9% 924 1.1% 1115 20.7% 918 -17.7%
FHP Motors 1.4 733 642 -12.3% 665 3.5% 780 17.3% 734 -5.9%
Switchgear 15.1 6557 6557 0.0% 7508 14.5% 9100 21.2% 8882 -2.4%
Power
2.6 670 551 -17.8% 777 41.0% 1000 28.7% 896 -10.4%
Contactors
LT Circuit
3.6 888 880 -1.0% 1138 29.4% 1360 19.5% 1281 -5.8%
Breakers
MCBs 2.8 723 793 9.7% 975 23.0% 1050 7.7% 1213 15.5%
S/F and F/S
0.5 213 189 -11.1% 199 5.3% 207 3.8% 198 -4.3%
Units
HT Circuit
5.6 1728 1769 2.4% 1667 -5.8% 2140 28.4% 2016 -5.8%
Breakers
Cables 25.8 11337 11836 4.4% 13268 12.1% 15510 16.9% 19496 25.7%
PVC Power
17.9 6807 7780 14.3% 8908 14.5% 9710 9.0% 11400 17.4%
Cables
Control &
Special
7.9 4260 3127 -26.6% 3202 2.4% 4300 34.3% 6214 44.5%
Purpose
Cables
Transformers 20.6 10095 9973 -1.2% 10881 9.1% 12350 13.5% 12498 1.2%
Power
8.6 3086 3882 25.8% 4549 17.2% 5150 13.2% 5531 7.4%
Transformers
Distribution
12 7392 6143 -16.9% 6327 3.0% 7200 13.8% 6962 -3.3%
Transformers
Capacitors 0.9 336 345 2.6% 382 10.7% 515 34.9% 506 -1.8%
HT Capacitors 0.3 120 128 6.7% 169 32.2% 200 18.2% 183 -8.3%
LT Capacitors 0.6 220 222 1.0% 217 -2.2% 315 44.9% 319 1.4%
Energy
3.7 1908 1752 -8.2% 1950 11.3% 2250 15.4% 2387 6.1%
Meters
Transmission
23.4 10915 12389 13.5% 13529 9.2% 14070 4.0% 13957 -0.8%
Lines
Transmission
12.6 4876 5193 6.5% 6180 19.0% 6600 6.8% 6257 -5.2%
Line Towers
Conductors 10.8 4703 5704 21.3% 5716 0.2% 5670 -0.8% 5914 4.3%
Total 100 46247 47496 2.7% 52863 11.3% 60105 13.7% 64072 6.6%
96
ANNEXURE– II (Following raw data sourced from IEEMA, CEA & thereafter calculated)
Prospective Market Size Market

CAGR 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- Size in
2012-13 Relative
08-09 14 15 16 17 2017
Achievement
to 11- Market (Assessed
Market Market Market (Y/X)
12 Market Size Size by CEA)
Size Size Size (Y)
(X)
Rotating Machines 5.5% 6724 7094 7484 7896 8331 15000 56%
LT Motors 7.0% 3232 3459 3701 3960 4237
HT Motors 10.6% 1651 1826 2020 2235 2473
Alternators 0.8% 925 933 941 948 956
FHP Motors 0.0% 734 735 735 735 736
Switchgear 7.9% 9581 10336 11151 12030 12977 22000 59%
Power Contactors 7.5% 963 1036 1114 1198 1288
LT Circuit Breakers 9.6% 1404 1538 1686 1847 2025

MCBs 13.8% 1380 1571 1788 2036 2317
S/F and F/S Units -1.8% 195 191 188 184 181
HT Circuit Breakers 3.9% 2095 2177 2263 2352 2444

Cables 14.5% 22326 25567 29278 33528 38394 37000 104%
PVC Power Cables 13.8% 12968 14752 16782 19091 21718
Control & Special

9.9% 6828 7504 8247 9063 9960
Purpose Cables
Transformers 5.5% 13184 13907 14670 15474 16323 29500 55%

Power Transformers 15.7% 6400 7405 8569 9914 11472
Distribution
-1.5% 6859 6757 6657 6558 6461
Transformers
Capacitors 10.8% 560 620 687 761 843 1000 84%
HT Capacitors 11.2% 204 227 252 280 312
LT Capacitors 9.8% 351 385 422 464 509
Energy Meters 5.8% 2525 2670 2824 2986 3158 5500 57%
Transmission Lines 6.3% 14842 15783 16783 17847 18978 33500 57%
Transmission Line
6.4% 6659 7087 7543 8028 8545 18038 47%
Towers
Conductors 5.9% 6263 6632 7023 7437 7875 15462 51%
Total 8.5% 69513 75415 81819 88767 96305 177000 54%
97

Indian Power Transmission Report 2011-12

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Indian Power Transmission Report 2011-12

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Under the Guidance of

Mr. ANURAG RAIZADA Mr. J. S. S. RAO

MAHARISHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

I, ABHINAV GUPTA, Roll No. 1120812182, student of MBA-Power Management (2011-13)

“PROSPECTS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT

Presentation In-Charge Signature of the Candidate

Director/Principal of the Institute

Sr. No. CONTENTS Page No.

NAME OF TABLE Page No.

Independent Power Transmission

According to Indian Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Association (IEEMA) which consists

Market Size in 2011-12 CAGR (11th Plan)

Conductors 5,914 4.3% 5.9%

Transmission Towers 6,257 -5.2% 6.4%

Switchgears 8,882 -2.4% 7.9%

Transformers 12,498 1.2% 5.5%

1.1 Transmission & Distribution Equipment Industry

The objective of this report is as under

1.4 Organization Profile

In transmission, ED offers transmission service agreements, cost of service, energy accounting at

In the information technology space, ED is a leader in providing IT solutions to the Power

LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Literature Survey

2.2 Research Methodology

Comparative analysis of different companies has been carried out.

SCENARIO OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

3.1 Indian Power Sector

Table 70: Snapshot: Indian Power Sector

3.2 Power Sector Performance in 11th Plan

3.2.1 Capacity Addition: Generation

7th Plan 9,320 9,534.5 12,925 11,867 0 0 22,245 21,406

3.2.2 Transmission Systems in India

Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS)

3.2.3 Capacity Addition: Transmission Lines

Table 72: Growth of Transmission Lines (Ckm)

Figure 59: Trend in Transmission Line Growth

Figure 60: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Transmission Lines

±500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV

3.2.4 Capacity Addition: EHV Substations

A program of 157,691 MVA of transformation capacity corresponding to generation capacity

Figure 61: Trend in Substation Capacity Growth

Figure 62: Voltage Segmentation in Growth of Substation Capacity

±500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV

3.2.5 Performance of Distribution Sector

Access to Power for Population of India

Aggregate Technical & Commercial Losses

Figure 63: AT&C Loss: Past Performance and Future Expectations

Revenue Loss (ARR and ACS Gap)

Mounting of Debt on Utilities

3.2.6 Technological Development

 New generation additions in the system

On the distribution end, system automation, implementation of SCADA, GIS, Asset

 Increase in demand and new connections

3.3 Transmission & Distribution Sector in 12th Plan

3.3.1 Envisaged Growth in 12th Plan

Identification of transmission expansion

Figure 65: Structure of T&D Network Planning

Table 74: 12th Plan: Investment Layout in Power Sector

In the Central Sector, there is no problem of

3.3.2 Addition of Transmission Lines

PGCIL is constructing 11 High Capacity Transmission Corridors (HCTC) to evacuate 80 GW of