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When stress is removed from a consolidated soil, the soil will rebound,
regaining some of the volume it had lost in the consolidation process.
If the stress is reapplied, the soil will consolidate again along a rec
ompression curve, defined by the recompression index. The soil which ha
d its load removed is considered to be overconsolidated. This is the ca
se for soils which have previously had glaciers on them. The highest st
ress that it has been subjected to is termed the preconsolidation stres
s. The over consolidation ratio or OCR is defined as the highest stress
experienced divided by the current stress. A soil which is currently ex
periencing its highest stress is said to be normally consolidated and t
o have an OCR of one. A soil could be considered underconsolidated imme
diately after a new load is applied but before the excess pore water pr
essure has had time to dissipate.
Contents
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* 1 Consolidation analysis
o 1.1 Spring analogy
o 1.2 Primary consolidation
o 1.3 Secondary consolidation
* 2 Time dependency
* 3 See also
* 4 External Links
* 5 References
Consolidation analysis
Spring analogy
The process of consolidation is often explained with an idealized syste
m composed of a spring, a container with a hole in its cover, and wate
r. In this system, the spring represents the compressibility or the str
ucture itself of the soil, and the water which fills the container repr
esents the pore water in the soil.
Consolidation spring analogy.jpg
Durham Geo offers both the pneumatic loading consolidometer (S-450 Terr
aload) and the lever type consolidometer (S-449 dead weight Load Fram
e). The following may help in choosing between a pneumatic or lever typ
e consolidation frame:
slightly less costly to set up, but the pneumatic frame costs less when
multiple units are purchased. This is because one S-45040 Digital Reado
ut and pressure transducer can be used with multiple S-450 units.
Primary consolidation
This method assumes consolidation occurs in only one-dimension. Laborat
ory data is used to construct a plot of strain or void ratio verses eff
ective stress where the effective stress axis is on a logarithmic scal
e. The plot's slope is the compression index or recompession index. The
equation for consolidation settlement of a normally consolidated soil c
an then be determined to be:
where
Durham Geo offers both the pneumatic loading consolidometer (S-450 Terr
aload) and the lever type consolidometer (S-449 dead weight Load Fram
e). The following may help in choosing between a pneumatic or lever typ
e consolidation frame:
slightly less costly to set up, but the pneumatic frame costs less when
multiple units are purchased. This is because one S-45040 Digital Reado
ut and pressure transducer can be used with multiple S-450 units.